Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Combined effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil as wood preservative on subterranean termites in the field
Get PDFThe current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of neem and sesame oils for the improvement of poplar (Populus spp.) wood resistance to subterranean termite in the field. Concentrations of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of both oils alone in toluene and their different combinations along with heat treatment were bio-assayed against termites. Results showed that both oils protected woods against termites differently; however, neem oil was more protectant than sesame oil. Moreover, neem oil, when combined with sesame oil, significantly improved the wood resistance compared to separate oils treatment. Heat treatment alone was not enough to enhance resistance against subterranean termites. The treatment at 200 ºC for 6 h combined with 75 % neem and 25 % sesame (3:1) appears to be the best treatment condition in this investigation. It is concluded that neem oil can be useful as a wood preservative against subterranean termites combined with sesame oil and heat treatment
Tio2-modified Pinus elliottii: A pine wood presenting increased resistance to water and ultraviolet radiation
Get PDFThe aim of the present study is to subject Pinus elliottii wood specimens to TiO2-based modification in order to make it resistant to water and UV radiation. The microwave-assisted solvothermal method, which is little reported in the literature, was here in used for this purpose. The adopted methodology led to 1 % mass gain; although it was a low value, it was enough to fully coat the surface of the wood with nanoparticles to the extent of changing its characteristics and turning it into a functional material. The nanoparticle distribution on the surface of the wood changed your natural topography by increasing the surface area and, consequently, increasing the contact angle of the modified wood (approximately 130°). The leaching test showed that the wood remained coated after it was immersed in water, as well as that it did not lose itswater-repelling ability. This result demonstrates the stable interaction between the two materials, due to hydroxyl radicals found in them. The coating also protected the wood against UV radiation for 500 hours of intense exposure, besides preserving its initial color. The properties achieved through this simple and fast modification process provide an alternative to help improving the performance of the herein investigated wood species, mainly for applications in environments subjected to high solar incidence and humidity.
 
Influence of harvest region on properties of cambará wood
Get PDFThis research intends to evaluate the relation, aided by the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 7190 and statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and bootstrap technique), between physical and mechanical properties of Cambará-Rosa wood harvested from three different regions: Vera, Mucajaí and South Rondonia. In addition, the possibility to estimate (regression models) physical and mechanical properties in function of apparent density was analyzed. Different climate and soil conditions which tree thrives may influence its growth and, consequently, its properties values. The results of ANOVA indicated an elevated equivalence index for all three regions. The bootstrap technique led to similar results for Vera and Mucajai regions, and for South Rondonia region, equivalence index equals to 89 %. The ANOVA results to estimate physical and mechanical properties in function of apparent density indicated that it is not possible to perform such estimates for Cambará-Rosa wood species
Experimental and numerical study on a novel bamboo joint for furniture considering effect of loading type on mechanical parameters used in finite element method
Get PDFThe effect of loading type (tension, compression and bolt-bearing) on mechanical properties (elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and ultimate strength) of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) in longitudinal direction was evaluated in this study. In addition, experimental and numerical tests were conducted to evaluate withdrawal force capacity and bending moment resistances of a novel demountable bamboo-bolt joint considering effect of loading type on mechanical parameters used in finite element method. The results showed that 1) loading type had significant effect on mechanical properties of Moso bamboo, especially, for ultimate strength; 2) the values of mechanical properties evaluated in this study measured in tension were all much higher than those measured in bolt-bearing state and followed by compression accordingly; 3) in tension, the tensile elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio measured at outer surface were bigger than those at inner surface, respectively; 4) finite element method got more accurate results using the mechanical parameters measured in compression than those in tension and bolt-bearing states; 5) the bamboo-bolt joint proposed in this study can be used in lightweight bamboo structures through improving the embedding strength of beech wood in bamboo culm. In conclusion, one should consider the loading type used to obtain the mechanical parameters inputted in finite element method. In addition, further studies will focus on effect of size and geometry of samples used to determine mechanical properties used in finite element method, and the method of improving embedding strength of beech wood in bamboo culm to increase withdrawal force capacity and bending moment resistances of the demountable bamboo-bolt joint proposed in this study
Urban determining factors of housing prices in Chile: a statistical exploration
Get PDFStarting from the implementation of the National Urban Development Council in Chile, an Urban Development Indicators and Standards System has been put in motion. One of the main urban problems faced by Chilean cities is the increase in housing prices. From this, the study looks to find how urban attributes influence housing prices. For this purpose, 2047 housing projects were surveyed to review which urban development standards indicators best explain their prices. An analysis of main components and multiple linear regressions are applied, together with the variables. The results show a high price dependence on the financial autonomy of the communes, and indicate that residential segregation is incidental to the formation of housing price value.A partir de la implementación del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano en Chile se ha puesto en marcha un Sistema de Indicadores y Estándares de Desarrollo Urbano. Uno de los principales problemas urbanos que enfrentan las ciudades chilenas es el aumento del precio de la vivienda. A raíz de ello, el presente estudio busca informar cómo los atributos urbanos influyen en los precios de las viviendas. Con tal fin, se catastran 2047 proyectos de vivienda para revisar cuáles indicadores de estándares de desarrollo urbano explican en mejor medida sus precios. Se aplica un análisis de componentes principales y regresiones lineales múltiples con las variables. Los resultados muestran una alta dependencia del precio sobre la autonomía financiera de las comunas e indican que la segregación residencial es incidental en cuanto a formación de valor de compra de viviendas
Office user work performance indicator in warm temperate summer period
Get PDFNOTIFICAÇÃO DE RETRACÇÃO
A equipa editorial da Hábitat Sustentable lamenta informar que o artigo seguinte, publicado na edição VIIN1 de Junho de 2021, está a ser retractado por ter sido enviado duas vezes:
Alamino Naranjo Y., Alonzo Frank A. (2021) "Indicadores de rendimiento laboral del usuario-trabajador de oficina en período de verano de verano de clima templado cálido", Hábitat Sustentable Vol.11 N.01 (Junho 2021), pp.: 44-57.
O manuscrito enviado a Hábitat Sustentable em 25 de Fevereiro de 2021 é o mesmo que o texto publicado em Outubro-Dezembro de 2021 na revista Informes de la Construcción, que foi publicado durante o segundo semestre de 2021.
Alamino Naranjo Y., Kuchen E. (2021) "Indicadores para evaluar el rendimiento de usuarios de oficina en clima templado cálido", Informes de la Construcción, Vol. 73, 564,e420, Outubro-Dezembro de 2021. Disponível online:https://informesdelaconstruccion.revistas.csic.es/index.php/informesdelaconstruccion/article/view/6095.
Os autores, ao aceitarem as normas editoriais do Hábitat Sustentable, indicaram que o artigo não tinha sido enviado para outra revista. A Equipa Editorial iniciou um processo de revisão editorial após o de Informes de la Construcción. Este processo passou por um triplo processo de revisão por pares que melhorou substancialmente o artigo. O resultado deste processo foi a publicação do artigo no primeiro número de 2021. Em Janeiro de 2022, a equipa editorial detectou que o artigo tinha sido publicado duas vezes e o caso foi enviado ao Comité de Ética das Publicações da Faculdade de Arquitectura, Construção, e Design. Esta Comissão, após ter revisto as sugestões na página web da Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), e após ter efectuado diferentes verificações, aconselhou a Equipa Editorial a retirar o artigo da plataforma da revista e a fundamentar, através desta nota, as razões por detrás da retracção.NOTIFICATION OF RETRACTION
The Editorial Team of Hábitat Sustentable regrets to inform that the following article, published in issue VIIN1 from June 2021, is being retracted on having been sent twice:
Alamino Naranjo Y., Alonzo Frank A. (2021) “Indicadores de rendimiento laboral del usuario-trabajador de oficina en período de verano de clima templado cálido”, Hábitat Sustentable Vol.11 N.01 (June 2021), pp.: 44-57.
The manuscript sent to Hábitat Sustentable on February 25th, 2021, is the same as the text published in October-December 2021 in the Informes de la Construcción journal, which was published during the second semester of 2021.
Alamino Naranjo Y., Kuchen E. (2021) “Indicadores para evaluar el rendimiento de usuarios de oficina en clima templado cálido”, Informes de la Construcción, Vol. 73, 564,e420, October-December 2021. Available online:
https://informesdelaconstruccion.revistas.csic.es/index.php/informesdelaconstruccion/article/view/6095.
The authors, on accepting the editorial standards of Hábitat Sustentable, indicated that the article had not been sent to another journal. The Editorial Team began an editorial revision process after that of Informes de la Construcción. This process went through a triple peer-review process which substantially improved the article. The result of this process was the publication of the article in the first issue of 2021. In January 2022, the Editorial Team detected that the article had been published twice and the case was sent to the Publications Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Architecture, Construction, and Design. This Committee, after reviewing the suggestions on the web page of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and after having made different checks, has advised the Editorial Team to remove the article from the journal’s platform and to substantiate, through this note, the reasons behind the retraction.NOTIFICACIÓN DE RETRACTACIÓN
El Equipo Editorial de Hábitat Sustentable lamenta comunicar que retira el siguiente artículo publicado en el número V11N1 de junio de 2021 debido a un envío duplicado:
Alamino Naranjo Y., Alonzo Frank A. (2021) “Indicadores de rendimiento laboral del usuario-trabajador de oficina en período de verano de clima templado cálido”, Hábitat Sustentable Vol.11 N.01 (Junio de 2021), pp.: 44-57.
El manuscrito enviado a Hábitat Sustentable el 25 de febrero de 2021 coincide con el texto publicado en octubre-diciembre 2021.a la revista Informes de la Construcción, que lo publicó el segundo semestre del año 2021.
Alamino Naranjo Y., Kuchen E. (2021) “Indicadores para evaluar el rendimiento de usuarios de oficina en clima templado cálido”, Informes de la Construcción, Vol. 73, 564,e420, octubre-diciembre 2021. Disponible online: https://informesdelaconstruccion.revistas.csic.es/index.php/informesdelaconstruccion/article/view/6095.
Los autores al aceptar las normas editoriales de Hábitat Sustentable, indicando que el artículo no había sido enviado a otra revista, el Equipo Editorial comenzó un proceso de revisión editorial posterior al de Informes de la Construcción. Este proceso pasó por una triple ronda revisión de pares que contribuyó a la mejora sustancial del artículo. El resultado de este proceso fue la publicación de artículo en el número del primer semestre de 2021. En enero de 2022 el Equipo Editorial detectó que el artículo se encontraba publicado de forma duplicada y el caso fue enviado al Comité Ético de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Construcción y Diseño. Este Comité, tras revisar las sugerencias en la página electrónica del Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) y realizar diversas comprobaciones, ha aconsejado al equipo editorial retirar el artículo de la plataforma de la revista y visibilizar a través de esta nota las razones de la retractación
Learning to live with others through design. Communities of practices and minor knowledge
Get PDFQuestionar as formas como temos até agora compreendido o exercício arquitetônico com o intuito de repensá-lo não é um desafio exclusivo da prática profissional e da materialização de "outras obras". É também responsabilidade da esfera educacional no sentido de ampliarmos a forma como ensinamos e aprendemos arquitetura. Mediante uma experiência de ensino recente, centrada nas "comunidades de práticas" localizadas nas colinas de Valparaíso, propomos neste artigo imaginar um futuro para a nossa disciplina que seja mais relacional, afetivo e inclusivo; talvez menos "humanista" e mais humano ou até "muito mais do que humano". O título do curso, As boas artes de viver "com" outros "por meio" do design, aludia ao design como um conjunto de práticas que afetam fundamentalmente os nossos modos de estar juntos, capazes de articular formas alternativas e certamente locais de habitar. O objetivo dessa oficina foi dar lugar nos debates da arquitetura aos sujeitos não representados pelas metodologias e saberes mais habituais herdados da Modernidade. Face a eles, o curso convocou um tipo de "saberes menores", mais inclusivos e relacionais, capazes de interpretar melhor a condição ecodependente e interdependente que caracteriza o nosso radical estar no mundo. O objetivo final da oficina foi, portanto, problematizar o presente da arquitetura a partir de uma abordagem comprometida do design a essas "comunidades de práticas" e aos seus "saberes menores". Não porque estes sejam necessariamente melhores, mas porque incluem uma maior quantidade e diversidade de formas de vida.Questioning the ways in which we have understood architectural practice up until today, reconsidering this, is not a just a challenge for professional practices and the materialization of "other works". It is also the responsibility of the educational sphere, in the sense of broadening the way we teach and learn about architecture. Through a recent teaching experience, focused on some "communities of practice", located in the hills of Valparaíso, it is proposed in this article, to imagine a more relational, affective and inclusive future for the area, that perhaps is less "humanistic" and more human or even "much more than human". The wording of the workshop, The good arts of living "with" others "through" design, alluded to design as a set of practices that fundamentally affect our ways of being together, capable of articulating alternative and certainly local ways of living. The aim of the workshop was to make room in the debates on architecture, for those subjects not represented by the most common methodologies and knowledge inherited from Modernity. Faced with them, the course called for a more inclusive and relational type of "minor knowledge", capable of better interpreting the eco-dependent and interdependent condition that characterizes our radical being in the world. Therefore, it sought to problematize the present of architecture from a committed approach of design to these "communities of practice" and their "minor knowledges". Not because they are necessarily better, but because they include a greater quantity and diversity of forms of life.Cuestionar los modos con que hasta ahora hemos entendido el ejercicio arquitectónico con el fin de volver a pensarlo, no es un desafío exclusivo de la práctica profesional y de la materialización de “otras obras”. También es responsabilidad del ámbito formativo en el sentido de ampliar el cómo enseñamos y aprendemos arquitectura. A través de una experiencia docente reciente, centrada en las “comunidades de prácticas” localizadas en los cerros de Valparaíso, se propone en el siguiente artículo imaginar un futuro para nuestra disciplina más relacional, afectivo e inclusivo; quizás menos “humanista” y más humano o, incluso, “mucho más que humano”. El enunciado del taller, Las buenas artes de vivir “con” los otros “a través” del diseño, aludía al diseño como un conjunto de prácticas que afectan fundamentalmente a nuestras maneras de estar juntos, capaz de articular formas de habitar alternativas y ciertamente locales. El objetivo del taller fue el de dar cabida en los debates de la arquitectura, a aquellos sujetos no representados por las metodologías y los saberes más habituales heredados de la Modernidad. Frente a ellos, el curso convocó un tipo de “saberes menores”, más inclusivos y relacionales, capaces de interpretar mejor la condición ecodependiente e interdependiente que caracteriza nuestro radical estar en el mundo. Así, se buscó problematizar el presente de la arquitectura desde un acercamiento comprometido del diseño a estas “comunidades de prácticas” y a sus “saberes menores”. No porque estos sean necesariamente mejores, sino porque incluyen a una mayor cantidad y diversidad de formas de vida
Arquitetura comum: aprendizagens com os habitantes e suas práticas cotidianas
Get PDFDurante la última década es posible constatar una creciente vinculación entre diversos colectivos de arquitectura y comunidades urbanas emplazadas principalmente en territorios marcados por el deterioro, la informalidad y la desigualdad. Este proceso ha generado un progresivo reconocimiento al valor que las prácticas cotidianas de los habitantes y sus comunidades tienen en la producción de nuevas formas de habitar, lo cual plantea nuevos desafíos para el desarrollo de la disciplina. A partir de la descripción y análisis de una experiencia de mejoramiento barrial autogestionada por los habitantes, el presente artículo aborda dicho desafío proponiendo la conformación de una arquitectura común, entendida como un proceso de producción de espacialidades sustentadas en dinámicas de comunalización abierta a nuevos aprendizajes que incorporan los conocimientos cotidianos de los habitantes y sus comunidades.Over the last decade it has been possible to see growing ties between several architectural groups and urban communities located mainly in territories marked by decay, informality, and inequality. This process has generated a progressive recognition of the value that the daily practices of inhabitants and their communities have in the production of new ways of living, which poses new challenges for the development of the area. Starting from a description and analysis of a neighborhood improvement experience, self-managed by the inhabitants, this article addresses this challenge by proposing the formation of a common architecture, understood as a process of production of spatiality, supported by communalization dynamics that are open to new learnings that incorporate the everyday knowledge of the inhabitants and their communities.Ao longo da última década é possível verificar um vínculo crescente entre diversos coletivos arquitetônicos e comunidades urbanas localizadas principalmente em territórios marcados pela degradação, informalidade e desigualdade. Esse processo tem gerado um reconhecimento progressivo do valor que as práticas cotidianas dos moradores e de suas comunidades têm na produção de novas formas de habitar, o que impõe novos desafios para o desenvolvimento da disciplina. A partir da descrição e análise de uma experiência de melhoria de bairro autogerida pelos moradores, este artigo aborda esse desafio e propõe a formação de uma arquitetura comum, entendida como um processo de produção de espacialidades sustentadas em processos de comunalização aberta a novos aprendizados que incorporam os conhecimentos cotidianos dos habitantes e de suas comunidades
Analysis of the theoretical approach to the concept of the cluster
Get PDFEl objetivo principal de esta investigación es brindar un panorama general referente del concepto del clúster, a través de la revisión de estudios teórico-empíricos y algunos modelos propuestos, así como su importancia como estrategia para el desarrollo regional y su funcionamiento. La metodología utilizada se basa en una revisión analítica de enfoques teóricos relevantes en fuentes secundarias de referencias. Se concluye que los supuestos de una definición conceptual de clúster es que es un grupo de empresas que realizan las mismas actividades o actividades estrechamente relacionadas hacia atrás, hacia adelante y hacia los lados. El clúster como economía de innovación puede ser una estrategia de desarrollo regional natural formada por la oferta y la demanda y creada artificialmente a través de políticas públicas para incentivar el desarrollo de una región.The main objective of this research is to provide a general overview of the concept of the cluster, through the review of theoretical-empirical studies and some proposed models as well as its importance as a strategy for regional development and its operation. The methodology used is based on an analytical review of relevant theoretical approaches in secondary sources of references. It is concluded that the assumptions of a conceptual definition of cluster is that is a group of companies performing the same or closely related activities backward, forward, and sideways. The cluster as an innovation economy can be natural regional development strategy formed due to supply and demand and artificial created through public policies to encourage the development of a region
Editorial
Get PDFLa formación docente ha estado dentro de la preocupación de diversas políticas públicas en los últimos años, así como de investigadores y académicos. Se busca fortalecer un proceso de preparación de profesionales frente a escenarios donde no solo se necesitarán conocimientos técnicos y conceptuales, sino, además recursos personales