Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje: Journals / Универзитет "Св. Кирил и Методиј"-Скопје
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A METASYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE OF CHRISTIAN PSYCHOTHERAPY IN DEFINING LEADERSHIP AND ITS CRITERIA
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is a description of the concept of leadership as a key componentin the Christian church community, as well as the criteria of a healthy leadership style notonly in its internal framework, but in the overall social context. This paper is a qualitative-descriptivestudy with research on leadership, styles and personality of the leader according to Christiantheology, and applying a metasystemic perspective within wider domains of society. We definecriteria for healthy leadership in correlation with social deviations of the same, observed and describedin the framework of Christian psychotherapy and application of the Transactional Analyticalmethodology in the analysis of the focused phenomena. Leadership in the Christian Church hasan antinomian character and a pastoral dimension. The personality of the church leader is formedaccording to the criteria of the degrees of spiritual development. The presented model of churchleadership with qualities of antinomy has its applicability in the social system of secular leadership,where the function of leadership paradoxically merges into a duty of service against its deviantsocial phenomena of identification (nation, party, state)
CONFLICTING CONNECTIVITIES: LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NEGOTIATING GEOTECHNOLOGICAL RIVALRY
No full textAmong the dramatic global shifts of recent years, the sharpening ofgeopolitical rivalries between major powers – chiefly the United States andChina – has particular significance for third countries and their legal systems.This rivalry has a prominent ‘geotechnological’ dimension, as major powerscompete to build power through technological innovation, standardisation anddiffusion while also securitising their domestic technology sectors againstperceived threats from abroad. In this context, the ‘connectivity’ initiatives ofmajor powers such as China, the United States and the European Union - whichaim to build economic and other links with third countries - compete and evenconflict. Under the pressures of trade war and actual war, an emergent globalshift may be underway in the consolidation of rival geotechnological blocs.Indications of such a shift include hard legal tools such as trade barriers and thelegislation of economic security mechanisms but also the creation of incentivesfor economic and technological collaboration within informal clubs of likemindedcountries. These hard and soft tools amount to building blocks for‘walled garden’ connectivity projects that run on incompatible operatingsystems. These developments create challenges for third countries andespecially for the majority of states which rely on transnational investment andtechnology transfer for the further development of their economies and livingstandards. Even if not forced to ‘choose’ between competing blocs, these statesface additional political, legal and economic frictions in their dealings withmajor powers. The challenge is particularly acute for the states of the WesternBalkans, which remain outside the EU despite years or decades of ‘candidate’status but which face the necessity of alignment with EU laws and policies asconditions of eventual EU membership. To varying degrees, the Western Balkanstates have sourced investment and technology transfer from the EU and theUnited States as well as from China and other non-Western countries. They aretherefore on the frontline of conflicting connectivities and vulnerable to ahardening of barriers between major economic powers. This paper will provide an overview of legal tools of geotechnologicalrivalry and their application to the general-purpose digital technologies that are vital to economic development and the climate transition. It will take stock ofthe challenges for third countries presented by the deployment of these tools inthe context of competing ‘connectivity’ projects promoted by major economicpowers, such as China’s Belt and Road initiative. It will focus on the positionof Western Balkan states as EU candidate countries that simultaneously pursueeconomic relations with other major powers. The paper will reflect on whatstudies of legal pluralism suggest regarding the capacity of third states topreserve space for maintaining relations with the multiple poles of the globaleconomy. It will suggest potential legal strategies for third states to navigateconflicting connectivities in order to pursue their national developmentalobjectives. The paper will suggest that by negotiating rather than participatingin geotechnological rivalry, third states can both preserve their capacity to makeautonomous choices and mitigate against the coalescing of rival blocs
ИНДИРЕКТНА КАУЗАЦИЈА: АНГЛИСКИТЕ GET- КОНСТРУКЦИИ И НИВНИТЕ МАКЕДОНСКИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ
No full textThis paper presents the results of an empirical investigation into the typology of indirect causation in English and Macedonian. The study focuses on English causative analytic constructions formed with the verb get and non-finite verb forms. The aim of this research is to identify typological differences in how indirect causation is encoded in the two languages by comparing English constructions with their translational equivalents in Macedonian. Given that English, unlike Macedonian, possesses dedicated lexicogrammatical markers for encoding indirect causation – such as the grammaticalized verb get, we hypothesize that the Macedonian translational equivalents of causative get-constructions will vary depending on the construction type. To test this hypothesis, we extracted examples of these constructions from both fiction and documentary prose. The quantitative analysis of the data shows that the functional equivalents of infinitival contructions are predominantly biclausal structures, whereas the translations of present participial get-constructions tend to use monolexical verbs.Овој труд ги претставува резултатите од емпириското истражување за типологијата на индиректната каузација во англискиот и во македонскиот јазик. Истражувањето се фокусира на англиските каузативни аналитички конструкции, формирани со глаголот get, и на нефинитните глаголски форми. Целта на ова истражување е да се утврдат типолошките разлики во изразувањето на индиректната каузација на двата јазика, преку споредба на англиските конструкции со нивните преводни еквиваленти на македонски јазик. Имајќи предвид дека англискиот, за разлика од македонскиот, поседува посебни лексико-граматички обележја за кодирање на индиректната каузација, како што е граматикализираниот глагол get, претпоставуваме дека македонските преводни еквиваленти на каузативните get-конструкции ќе варираат во зависност од типот на конструкцијата. За да ја провериме оваа хипотеза, собравме примери за овие конструкции од уметничката и од документарната проза.
Квантитативната анализа на податоците покажува дека функционалните еквиваленти на инфинитивните конструкции се, претежно, двореченични структури, додека преводите на сегашните партиципни get-конструкции најчесто користат полнозначни глаголи
THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF ICHTHYOFAUNA IN THE UPPER COURSE OF THE NERETVA RIVER
No full textThe Neretva River is one of the most important centers of freshwater fish endemism in Europe, supporting numerous autochthonous and endemic species adapted to cold, fast-flowing habitats. This study examines long-term changes in the ichthyofauna of the upper Neretva River by combining historical records with field data collected between 2011 and 2023, with particular emphasis on native and endemic populations and the impacts of non-native species. Historical data indicate that the upper Neretva was originally dominated by salmonid assemblages, while contemporary results show that headwater sections still retain near-natural, salmonid-dominated communities. In contrast, downstream transitional sections exhibit increasing contributions of allochthonous species and declining abundances of endemic taxa. The most pronounced changes were observed in hydroaccumulations, especially Jablanica Lake, where river impoundment caused a shift from lotic, salmonid-dominated assemblages to lentic communities dominated by non-native, eurythermal species.Overall, dam construction and flow regulation are identified as the main drivers of ichthyofaunal change, promoting biotic homogenization and increasing pressure on endemic species. Conservation efforts should prioritize the protection of remaining free-flowing river sections and the prevention of further species introductions
THE ARCHITECTONICS OF AGREEMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPANSION OF CHRISTINE BELL’S THEORY OF PEACE AGREEMENTS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACEBUILDING
No full textТheoretical framework for peace agreements represents a paradigmatic shiftin understanding their nature, function, and impact in conflict resolution theory andpeacebuilding practice. Moving beyond viewing agreements as mere endpoints or proceduralinstruments, Bell conceptualizes them as dynamic, constitutive, and inherentlylegal-political processes that fundamentally reshape conflict landscapes and state-societyrelations, often acting as de facto constitutions that generate a unique hybrid legalorder—the lex pacificatoria. This paper critically analyzes Bell’s core theoretical propositions,highlighting their profound relevance for reframing scholarly understandingand transforming practice. It examines her concepts of peace agreements as constitutionalmoments, lex pacificatoria, process dynamics , and so on.phase constitutionalism.The paper then analyses the theory’s impact on conflict resolution scholarship,challenging liberal assumptions about peace and reframing the role of law, as well as itstransformative impact on peacebuilding practice, particularly in relation to the design,implementation and inclusiveness of agreements. In a critical engagement section , thepaper addresses significant limitations, including state-centrism, elitist bias, normativeambiguity within the lex pacificatoria, challenges to phase constitutionalism, gender-relatedblind spots and operational complexity. The paper concludes by acknowledgingBell’s contribution, and arguing for its continued refinement and contextual adaptation,particularly in relation to non-state actors , local action, digital mediation, climateconflicts and shifts in global power. The extended list of references includes scholars whodeal with and criticize the theoretical Bell’s frame
КОНЦЕПТОТ НА ОТПОРНОСТ ВО СОВРЕМЕНАТА БЕЗБЕДНОСНА СРЕДИНА
No full textВо последниве години, отпорноста се појави како централен концепт вонационалните и меѓународните безбедносни дискурси, кој е истакнат во стратешките рамки и политичките документи низ различни сектори.
Овој труд ќе анализира како отпорноста игра значајна дискурзивна улога во областа на националната и меѓународната безбедност. Анализата силно сугерира дека отпорноста стана нов звучен збор на националната безбедност. „Отпорноста“ e неопходна способност на критичниот ентитет да спречи, заштити, реагира, да се спротивстави, ублажи, апсорбира, приспособува и закрепнува од инцидент. Ова е потврдено со позиционирањето на отпорноста како основен концепт во многу клучни стратешки документи. Во согласност со неговата широка применливост, терминот доминираше во безбедносниот дискурс на стратешко ниво.Трудот се залага за поинтегрирано и операционализирано разбирање на отпорноста – она што ја усогласува институционалната подготвеност, зајакнувањето на заедницата и стратешкото предвидување во решавањето на сложената безбедносна средина на 21 век
НЕ ТОЛКУ НОВИ ВОЈНИ
No full textОвој труд се фокусира на таканаречените „нови војни“ што се појавија кон крајот на дваесеттиот век.Авторот врши обид непристрасно да ги аргументира критиките, но и одбраната на тврдењата дека се случиле квалитативни промени во природата на насилниот конфликт и дека сега е можно да се размислува во смисла на „нови војни“ кои се различни на значајни начини од претходните форми на конфликт.Идејата доаѓа од два поврзани аспекти на овој општ предлог.Првиот се однесува на историскиот раскин помеѓу „стари“ и „нови“ војни и придружниот аргумент што ја поврзува појавата на „нови војни“ со процесот на глобализација во доцниот дваесетти век. Вториот аспект се однесува на реалните карактеристики на „новите војни“ и начинот на кој „тие се разликуваат од претходните војни во однос на нивните цели, методите на војување и како се финансираат“. Во анализата се осврнуваме на пет компоненти на дебатата: разликата меѓу старите војни и „нови“ војни; проблемот на дефинирање на војната;дали податоците ги поддржуваат тврдењата за новивојни; дали глобализацијата ги изнедри новите војни; и дали се новите војни „постклаузевицки“. Притоа се сумирани аргументите за сомнежите во степенот до кој современите форми на организирано насилство одразуваат нови обрасци во однос на актерите, целите, просторот, човековото влијание, како и политичката економија и социјалната структура на конфликтот.Резултатите укажуваат дека сепак, опсесијата со „новоста“ на војните ја промашува поентата за логиката на новите војни;она што е важно, е адресирањето на политичките елементи на новите војни. Истражувањето на одбраната на ставот за „новите војни“ изнесува дека тие треба да се разберат не како емпириска категорија, туку како начин за разјаснување на логиката на современата војна што може да понуди и стратегија за истражување на таа категорија вооружени конфликти и водич за политика на нивно разрешување
NOT SUCH A NEW WARS
No full textThis paper focuses on the so-called “new wars” that emerged in the late twentiethcentury. The author attempts to argue impartially both the criticisms and the defenseof the claims that qualitative changes have occurred in the nature of violent conflict andthat it is now possible to think in terms of “new wars” that are different in significantways from previous forms of conflict. The idea comes from two related aspects of thisgeneral proposition. The first concerns the historical break between “old” and “new”wars and the accompanying argument that links the emergence of “new wars” to theprocess of globalization in the late twentieth century. The second aspect concerns theactual characteristics of “new wars” and the way in which “they differ from previouswars in terms of their goals, methods of warfare, and how they are financed.” In theanalysis, we address five components of the debate: the difference between old wars and“new” wars; the problem of defining war; whether the data support the claims aboutnew wars; whether globalization has given rise to new wars; and whether the new warsare “post-Clauswitzian”. It summarizes arguments for doubts about the extent to whichcontemporary forms of organized violence reflect new patterns in terms of actors, goals,space, human influence, and the political economy and social structure of conflict. Theresults suggest that, however, the obsession with the “newness” of wars misses the pointabout the logic of the new wars; what is important is addressing the political elements ofthe new wars. The research defending the position on the “new wars” argues that theyshould be understood not as an empirical category, but as a way of clarifying the logic ofcontemporary war that can offer both a strategy for researching that category of armedconflicts and a guide for the politics of their resolution
A LIFE DEDICATED TO GENDER STUDIES, ETHICS, AND ANTHROPOLOGY: THE LIFE AND WORK OF PROFESSOR SUZANA SIMONOVSKA (June 18, 1963 - January 30, 2025)
No full textIt was with deep sorrow and immense pain that we received the news of the untimely passing of our respected and dearly beloved professor, PhDSuzana Simonovska.Professor Simonovska was not only an extraordinary professor but also a person of rare human warmth, whose cheerful spirit left deep marks on all colleagues, students, and everyone who had the honor of meeting and collaboratingwith her. Her constant smile, the wit with which she shared her life experiences, and her unobtrusive yet astute advice remain deeply etched in the memory of her colleagues, collaborators, and students as a clear testament toher beautiful character and virtuous soul
THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS ON THE POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND GOVERNANCE PRACTICES OF MUSLIMS IN MACEDONIA: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
No full textThis research investigates the influence of Islamic teachings on the political attitudesand governance-related practices of Muslims in North Macedonia. Focusing on the intersection ofreligion and politics, the study examines how Islamic principles shape perspectives on democracy,participation in elections, voting behavior, and engagement in political life. Using survey data collectedfrom Muslim communities, the research explores the extent to which religious beliefs informdecisions to participate in or abstain from political processes, as well as perceptions of governancewithin the framework of Islamic values. By narrowing its focus to the sociological institution ofpolitics and governance, this study provides valuable insights into the role of religion in shapingpolitical behavior and attitudes in a diverse and multi-religious society