Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje: Journals / Универзитет "Св. Кирил и Методиј"-Скопје
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ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS IN VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS - QUANTIFICATION AND INTAKE ASSESSMENT
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to determine the content of artificial sweeteners in 133 different food products. The analytical quantification was performed by the application of a reversed-phase, validated, gradient HPLC method, with simultaneous determination of aspartame, acesulfame K and Na-saccharin content. Supelcosil 150 x 4.6 mm, 5µm was used as the stationary phase and mobile phase (buffer 0.1 M NaH2PO4, pH = 2.5 and acetonitrile), at temperature = 26 °C and flow = 1.5 mL/min. The method was applied on: non-alcoholic beverages, chewing gums, sweets, chocolates, confectionery, dietary products, food supplements, fruit yogurt, etc. Depending on the structure of the food, different extraction methods were applied. The assessment of food safety showed irregularity in 21 % of the products, of which 50 % were imported. Some of the products` declarations were not completely translated nor properly labelled. Of the irregular domestic products, 21 % exceeded the maximum permitted quantities of added sweeteners and the rest had irregular labelling. The analysis showed that the most commonly used sweetener was Na-saccharin, which along with aspartame and acesulfame K are most frequently utilized in non-alcoholic beverages. Intake of artificial sweeteners was estimated according to the mean body weight for children, adolescents and adults, under the supposition that the products contained the maximum permitted quantities. The theoretical maximum daily intake of different food products in different population groups indicates the existence of a potential health risk only with continuous "large" intake of products that contain the maximum allowable amounts of artificial sweeteners, especially for the youngest populations
HOW COULD THE CAP MEASURES IMPACT FAMILY FARMS IN AREAS WITH NATURAL CONSTRAINTS IN SERBIA
Get PDFAreas with natural constraints are mountains or other areas where physical landscape results in higher production costs and lower yields. These areas are characterised by undeveloped infrastructure, tendencies to depopulation and resource degradation. The European Union has been providing support for farmers in the areas with natural constraints for the continued use of agricultural land, maintaining the countryside, and promoting a sustainable farming system. The Republic of Serbia is in the process of integration into the European Union and, therefore, seeks to harmonise the national policy to the Common Agricultural Policy. However, the policy toward areas with natural constraints in Serbia does not follow the European model, although it would be recommended given the heterogeneity and number of challenges these areas face. The research aims to examine the effects of different rural development policy measures on production structure, economic results and resource utilisation of family farms in areas with natural constraints in Serbia. A linear programming model has been developed for the dominant farm type in the areas with natural constraints in Eastern and Southern Serbia. The model was used to simulate various policy scenarios based on the Common Agricultural Policy: compensatory payments, decoupled payments, agri-environmental payments and greening payments. Results showed that a combination of different policy measures could increase income and preserve traditional agricultural systems and biodiversity. Considering that there is a lack of empirical research on areas with natural constraints in Serbia, research findings provide guidelines for creating rural development policies that take into account the characteristics of the dominant farm type in these areas
EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF THE MUSCAT HAMBURG VARIETY IN THE SKOPJE VINEYARD AS A BASIS FOR ISOLATING CLONES
Get PDFOur studies included some autochthonous and regional grape varieties grown in the Republic of North Macedonia. The autochthonous varieties were examined - White winter, Konchanka, Stanushina, Ohrid black and Ohrid white, and the regional varieties - Vranec, Prokupec, Smederevka, Zilavka and Zupljanka were examined. The tests were divided into three methodological units. The first method was applied to all varieties - data collection, history and comparison with other tests. The second method was performed on all varieties - ampelographic identification because we had samples from all varieties. In some of the varieties, the third method was performed, that is, genetic (DNA) identification was made in the period from 2010 to 2020 in different examination centers and at different times. The results are compared with the results of a study by Professor M. Aradhya of the USDA Research Center, Davis CA, USA. He has performed a wide range of genetic identification on a number of autochthonous varieties in Europe and Asia, including varieties in the Balkans. With the second method of examination - ampelographic identification according to O.I.V. descriptors we got the most realistic results. An ampelographic description of certain characteristics of the individual organs of the vine was performed and it was concluded that the varieties according to their anatomical and physiological characteristics belong to 2 groups: ecological-geographical group Black Sea varieties, subgroup Balcanica and ecological-geographical group Eastern varieties, subgroup Antasiatica
ЕТИЧКИ ПРИСТАПИ ВО ОДРЕДУВАЊЕТО НА МОРАЛНИОТ СТАТУС НА ЖИВОТНИТЕ
Get PDFВо последните неколку декади сведоци сме на една пролиферација на дела во полето широко дефинирано како „студии за односот меѓу човекот и животните“, „студии за животните“ или „антрозоологија“, па и „студии за етиката на животните“. Меѓу авангардата на ова поле дојде до соочување со ваквиот натурализиран дискурс. Со текот на времето тоа доведе и до сè поголемо нараснување на потребата од повторно разгледување, анализа и надградба на издржаноста на аргументацијата на различните етички гледишта и нивните теории кои служат за одредување и оценување на нашето однесување кон животните за морално прифатливо или не.
Оттука, она со што првенствено се занимава авторот е критичко промислување на широкиот опсег на теории кои се обидуваат да ги објаснат релевантните позиции за нашиот однос кон животните и живиот свет на Земјата. Со ваквото преземање на новата одговорност во однос на нашиот третман на животните се модифицира не само нашиот начин на подиректно третирање на животните, туку и начинот на кој треба да бидеме конституирани како субјекти во светот. Станува збор за претпоставка дека го споделуваме светот со други суштества и дека тоа подразбира морална обврска која ја надминува категоријата на припадност на истиот вид. Треба да се инаугурира една нова култура на соживот на луѓето со останатите нечовечки суштества, соодветно на современите услови за живот на оваа планета
СИСТЕМ НА НАЦИОНАЛНА БЕЗБЕДНОСТ НА ИЗРАЕЛ
Get PDFПроменетата природа на безбедносните ризици и закани ја услови потребата за редефинирање на безбедносната политика на Израел, но наметна и усвојување нови пристапи за безбедноста. Прифаќајќи ја ваквата реалност Израел мора да се приспособи на новите околности заради заштита на националните интереси и заради остварување на оптимално ниво на безбедност. Адаптирањето на безбедносниот систем во новата безбедносна средина треба да биде израз и резултат на генералната сеопфатна инклузија на сите субјекти што се задолжени за остварување на безбедноста. Во изнаоѓањето оптимален модел за остварување на безбедноста, неопходно е да се започне со согледување на поставеноста и на ефикасноста на безбедносниот систем, притоа прифаќајќи ги реформите во безбедносниот сектор како прифатен концепт што вклучува широка платформа за реализација и конкретизација на одредени задачи за по добру вање на внатрешната структура на безбедносниот систем на Израел
ON WARFARE
Get PDFWe re-examine the phenomenon of war by analysing the three main philosophies of war, by comparing the approach to the notion of war in modern security studies, by examining the main trends of warfare after 1945 and the changing nature of warfare. The author answers the questions about: Total War; the relationship between globalization and war; the new type of wars; and the so-called western way of warfare. The analysis of warfare emphasizes the changed concept of the battlefield, the political narrative of warfare, as well as the revitalization of nuclear weapons and the threat. Exploring the process of warfare cannot escape the cultural, legal and political approach of war. From a methodological point of view, the determination of accurate statistics on armed conflicts and indirect casualties, which is the most numerous categories of death, remains problematic
Gendered Social Policies in (Post-)Communist Countries: The Case of Poland
Get PDFThe conservative “backlash” of the 1980s did not only apply to women’s rights but also to social policies. It was often perceived as a phenomenon of the so-called “first world”. However, current historical research on state-socialist countries shows that it could also be observed in these particular countries, for example in social policies in communistPoland. There, a new government under the leadership of Edward Gierek came into power in 1970 and tried, on the one hand, to modernize the economy in an effort to improve its international competitiveness. On the other hand, the new leadership also tried to build a “second Poland” by raising the standard of living. Social policies became an important tool to ensure communist preservation of power at that time. However, this, in the end failed, attempt to modernize Poland led to a (re-)traditionalization of family life and gender relations. Ultimately, this meant that the government tried to remove women from the labour market. This was closely connected to a discourse on a “crisis of demography” that became prominent during the 1970s and influenced subsequent governments regarding their social policies.
The article analyses these developments in social policies in Communist Poland and situates them in a wider context by looking at the first years of transformation in the 1990s. It will therefore highlight continuities and fractions in this particular political field between late and post-communism
Активности на здружението Центар за образовна поддршка ДЕНДО ВАС
Get PDFВо октомври 1998 година започна реализацијата на модел-проектот Програма за поддршка наобразованието на деца и младинциРоми во општина Шуто Оризари, финансиски поддржан од ФондацијатаИнститут отворено општество Македонија (ФИООМ) и Кинг Бодуен Фондацијата. Програмата и активноститебеа подготвени од страна на ФИООМи професорката Дивна Лакинска, како претставник на невладината организација Центар за социјални иницијативи Надеж. Тие изготвија тригодишна иновативна Програма, кој
Viable health funding in time of demographic ageing
Get PDFIn the past several decades a new challenge has arisen, and it refers to the rapid demographic ageing of the population in developed and developing countries, quite opposite to the previous understanding of overpopulated planet. Increase in the older population brings its implications to different segments of the society, and the national health system and its funding is one of them. This paper tends to analyze if there is a relationship between the government health expenditure and the increase in the older population in fourteen countries from the European Union that are experiencing most intense process of demographic ageing. Also, other possible determinants of the health expenditures are included, such as government social spending, gross domestic product per capita and dummy variable to estimate the effect of the global recession onto the health expenditure
INITIAL STUDY OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL WORK PERFORMANCE QUESTIONAIRRE
No full textThis study is an initial analysis of the functioning of the brief form of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) translated in Macedonian language. IWPQ measures three dimensions of job performance across wide variety of jobs and by assessing work performance, contextual performance and counterproductive behaviour. The sample was comprised of 404 employees (55.7% women) from 14 occupational backgrounds, with average age M = 38 (SD = 12.1) and average working experience M = 12.6 (SD = 10.4) years. All participants voluntarily answered the online based instrument which included demographic data, IWPQ, OLBI and the UWES, sent at their personal e-mail addresses.
Descriptive statistics, item-analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlations with two other included constructs were performed in order to explore the psychometric characteristics of the instrument in this particular cultural context. Results confirmed the tridimensional structure of IPWQ with marginal fit indicators, while the Alpha coefficients suggested adequate reliability of the scales (α=0.73-0.86). The construct dimensions exhibit significant associations with other measures expected to be related to work performance. It was concluded that although the IWPQ version translated in Macedonian is adequate to be used as a measure of job performance, further research, particularly adjustment of the content of items might contribute to improvement of its validity