Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje: Journals / Универзитет "Св. Кирил и Методиј"-Скопје
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PRAYERS IN MODERN MACEDONIAN POETRY : (Based on the examples from Blazhe Koneski’s works)
No full text Следејќи ја генеалогијата на молитвата и нејзиниот развој како жанр во македонската книжевна традиција, трудот се темели на предизвикот да се исчитаат молитвите во современата македонска поезија. Притоа, трудот има за цел преку исчитување на молитвите од поетскиот опус на Блаже Конески да даде прилог за можни одговори на неколку прашања, меѓу коишто централно место зазема прашањето колку овие книжевни молитви ја следат канонизираната схема на христијанската молитва од средновековието или отстапуваат од неа. Observing the prayer genealogy and development as a genre in the Macedonian literary tradition, the paper builds on the challenge to read all the prayers in the contemporary Macedonian poetry. Besides, the paper aims, by reading the prayers from Blazhe Koneski’s poetic oeuvre, to provide possible answers to several questions, in particular the number of those literary prayers that follow the canonized scheme of Christian prayer from the Middle Ages or deviate therefrom
KEY COMMITMENTS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM THE 2024 NATO SUMMIT IN WASHINGTON
Full text linkIn the period from 9 until 11 July, 2024, the 75 anniversary Summit of the Headsof State and Government of the Alliance was held in Washington, in the conditions of aconventional threat to the security of the Alliance and in a time of war on the soil of Europe.NATO leaders discussed strategically important issues related to deterrence and defense,long-term support for Ukraine and cooperation with the Alliance’s global partners. Thefocus in strengthening the Alliance’s defense and deterrence is placed through “investingin new, modern high-end military capabilities” and “increasing the readiness of our forces,”(Stoltenberg, 2024) all underpinned by major increases in defence spending across theAlliance by supporting the increase in defense spending.I have suggested that at the Summit, we agree a big NATO role in coordinating and providingsecurity assistance and training for Ukraine,” he said. “I strongly believe that we need afirmer, stronger institutionalized structure for the support. Ad-hoc, short term, voluntaryannouncements are good – but in the long term, we need more predictable, stronger supportfor Ukraine. In relation to the support of Ukraine, NATO is expected to increase its role inthe coordinating and providing security assistance and training for Ukraine. According toStoltenberg, this implies the establishment of a “firmer, stronger institutionalized structure”that will ensure a more predictable and sustainable long-term support of Ukraine. Cooperationwith partners is crucial for security and stability because security is not only a regional issuebut also a global issue
ПРИКАЗ НА ЖЕНСКАТА СЕКСУАЛНОСТ ВО РУСКАТА КНИЖЕВНОСТ НА КРАЈОТ НА XIX И ПОЧЕТОКОТ НА XX век
Full text linkThis study examines how female sexuality is portrayed in Russian literature at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, focusing on works by authors such as Tolstoy, Zinaida Gippius, Lydia Zinovyeva-Annibal, and Alexander Kuprin. It highlights how literary texts both reflect and challenge prevailing patriarchal norms by depicting women’s sexual desires, autonomy, and self-determination against the backdrop of rapid social, economic, and cultural changes. By exploring themes such as the objectification and eroticization of the female body, psychological transformations prompted by sexual awareness, and the struggle between personal identity and societal expectations, the analysis reveals literature’s role in questioning traditional gender roles. Ultimately, these works offer insight into the evolving understanding of female sexuality during a time of profound historical upheaval and set the stage for reevaluating gender dynamics in both past and present contexts.Овој труд го анализира приказот на женската сексуалност во неколку дела од руската книжевност од крајот на XIX и почетокот на XX век. Анализата се фокусира на тоа како овие текстови ги одразуваат и ги предизвикуваат социјалните норми преку приказот на женските ликови и нивните сексуални искуства. Притоа, се разгледуваат теми како автономијата, сексуалната самоопределба и психолошката трансформација на женските ликови во контекст на доминантните патријархални структури и социоекономските услови. Главната цел е да се даде нова перспектива за разбирањето на женската сексуалност и нејзината улога во формирањето на женските идентитети во руската литература од овој период.
 
CONTEMPORARY TENDENCIES IN THE REPRESENTATION OF NATURAL PERSONS IN CIVIL LAW
Full text linkOne of the most important institutes of civil law, without which modern civil law relationscannot be imagined, is the institute of representation. It enables the exercise of the civil law rightsof natural persons in circumstances when they cannot exercise their rights personally. Therepresentation makes it possible for natural persons to participate in civil law relations, even whenthey lack the active legal capacity to acquire rights and duties. However, representation is not onlyan instrument that enables natural persons lacking active legal capacity to participate in civil lawrelations but also an institute that creates opportunities for natural persons with active legalcapacity to undertake legal actions via a representative. Considering the scope and relevance ofrepresentation in civil law, this paper aims to examine and analyze the contemporary tendenciesof development of this institute in civil law. The paper will demonstrate that this traditional civillaw institute has been involved in the legal systems of contemporary European countries over time.The end goal is to evaluate how the Macedonian legal system aligns with these contemporarytendencies regarding the regulation of representation in Macedonian civil law
NEED ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINIAN REFUGEES IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Full text linkBetween mid-May and mid-June 2022, 10 students from the Faculty of Philosophy,supported by 3 Ukrainian language interpreters, conducted 49 interviews with refugees fromUkraine, overall covering 244 individuals in Skopje, Ohrid, Stip and Bitola. This report presentsthe main findings relating to refugees’ profiles, intentions, and needs, aiming to provide anevidence-based document to support advocacy interventions that will be most beneficial tothese refugees, complementary support to the one to be provided by the government as wellas individual assistance when/if needed.Key findings• The majority of refugees from Ukraine are women and children, with high levelsof education and diverse professional skills among adults• While most refugees hope to return to Ukraine one day, for the time being, themajority plan to stay in their current host countr
ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE
Full text linkThis paper provides an overview of the definition of the term euthanasia, itsforms, historical development and legal nature. In recent years, the issue ofeuthanasia and its legalization has often become the subject of stimulatingdiscussions. Within those discussions, supporters and opponents of the earlytermination of life appear, but there is no unified opinion on this topic. The reasonswhy nowadays the question of ceasing a human life is opened are evident.The great scientific achievements in the field of modern medicine, whichmake possible on one hand to protect and extend human life, and on the other hand,the great respect of society for the autonomy of the individual and the distancing ofthe traditional spiritual values. The issue of legalizing euthanasia goes through thehistorical stages of religion, ethics, medicine, law, but also the general culturalcontext while being examined through the prism of the individual view of each ofus, depending not only on our stage of life.Modern times are faced with homosexuality, surgical sex change, promotionof same-sex marriages and at the same time appeal for the acceptance of diversity,not as a difference but as a divergent given of the phenomena in the world aroundus as human values. This means that the stereotype of human values within the legalframework is broken in relation to the ethical, social, legal, religious pragma of theworld, in that case why should euthanasia be a stigmatization of doctors if it is theautonomous will of the sick or his relatives - in the instance of lackingconsciousness to decide for themselves - or when there is no possibility of cure.States have different legislation in their legal system regarding the makingof this decision. Euthanasia is legalized in the legal legislation of some Europeancountries (Netherlands, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Belgium). Other countrieshave pronounced sanctions for the perpetrators in their legal system (NorthMacedonia, Croatia, Czech Republic). Others go to the opposite extreme, wherethey have legalized the euthanasia of terminally ill children (Netherlands,Belgium). On top of this different way of regulating legal systems in countriesaround the world, there are countless circumstances that have an impact whenmaking the decision whether this act will be sanctioned. Especially from ascientific, cultural and religious aspect. Today, the number of countries that legalizepassive euthanasia is gradually increasing, choosing a way and opportunity to helpthe sick to reduce their suffering in a dignified way, but the number of countrieswhere it is sanctioned is still greater. A unified ethically accepted solution does notyet exist, so in view of that, the matter of deciding to end the life of an incurably illperson remains as a verdict for the legislative bodies in each country separately. From this research, I came to the knowledge that seriously ill peoplesuffering from an incurable disease and their loved ones are not prevented fromshortening their suffering in a dignified way in a country where euthanasia islegalized.In this paper, relevant court judgments from the practice of the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights of certain countries (Switzerland and France) will bepresented
ACQUISITION OF THE GENERAL LEGAL CAPACITY
Full text linkThe subject of this research paper is the institution of legal capacity, asan element of the main and complex institution of civil law, called"subjectivity". The study shows that the author of this paper aims to present andanalyze the acquisition of the general legal capacity that belongs only to naturalpersons as subjects of civil law relations (real, obligational, and hereditary). Inthis study, the author presents the acquisition of general legal ability both fromthe aspect of modern civil law (Macedonian and foreign), as well as from theaspect of modern civil law science (domestic and foreign). Pointing to thedifferent modern norms (as well as the different doctrinal positions) regardingthe determination of the time (the moment) of the acquisition of the generallegal capacity of natural persons, the author concludes that in legal life they canlead to the adoption of different court rulings, so accordingly, and to the otheroccurrence of possible real, bond or inheritance rights in favor or to thedetriment of the natural person who, by birth, acquires general legal capacity
SEVERAL LEGAL PRESUMPTIONS AS THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL STABILITY IN MODERN FEDERALISM
Full text linkThis paper explores the legal foundations necessary for ensuringconstitutional stability in modern federal systems. Federalism, as a system ofgovernance, requires a well-defined distribution of powers between central andsubnational governments, supported by a clear legal hierarchy and mechanisms toresolve jurisdictional conflicts. The coexistence of two parallel legal orders,necessitates structured mechanisms to maintain legal coherence, prevent conflicts,and uphold constitutional supremacy. The study examines key principles thatcontribute to federal stability, including the supremacy of the constitution, thehierarchy of legal acts, and judicial review as a mechanism for resolving legaldisputes. It analyzes two primary approaches for addressing conflicts betweenfederal and state laws: the primacy of federal law and judicial review as anenforcement mechanism. Additionally, the paper highlights the role ofconstitutional courts in adjudicating disputes over legislative and executivecompetences, emphasizing their function in preserving the federal balance. Further,the paper explores the right of federal entities to initiate review of constitutionalityof federal laws, comparing systems where this right is explicitly granted, with thosewhere it is restricted. Finally, it addresses jurisdictional conflicts both amongfederal entities and between federal and subnational governments, demonstratinghow constitutional courts serve as arbiters in resolving such disputes. Ultimately,the paper argues that federal systems require a combination of legal hierarchy,judicial enforcement, and institutional checks and balances to function effectively.By ensuring compliance with constitutional norms, preventing excessivecentralization or fragmentation, and maintaining a structured conflict-resolutionframework, these mechanisms contribute to the long-term stability and coherenceof federal governance
МОДЕРНИ ПЕСНИЧКИ СУБЈЕКТ ИЗМЕЂУ ПРИРОДЕ И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЈЕ – АНАЛИЗА ПЕСНИЧКЕ ЗБИРКЕ ОКТАВЕ МИОДРАГА ПАВЛОВИЋА
No full textThis paper analyzes Miodrag Pavlović’s poetry collection, Octaves. The research is focused on Pavlović’s understanding of the pastoral, as a classical poetic genre, which, in his treatment, expands its traditional chronotope to the urban area. Then, the research focus is directed at the relationship between nature and the city / civilization / culture, which is shaped in the consciousness and poetic expression of the lyrical subject whose thought is precisely defined in the dialectical conflict of the aforementioned opposing categories. The largest part of the analysis is directed towards understanding the archetypal imagery, which is confirmed in the numerous isomorphic permeations between the lyrical subject and nature. The undertaken immersion into the semantics and imagery of myth is not only an expression of the duality of the modern subject of Octaves, which is defined between nature and civilization, but also a significant poetic feature of Pavlović’s early poetry. The modernity of his poetry is revealed through the desire to present the identity of a modern subject who is torn between two forms that determine his consciousness and subconsciousness – nature and civilization. Also, this is seen through the poetic intention that the aforementioned conflict in the consciousness of the lyrical subject finds its expression through mythical thinking and archetypal representation, thereby confirming one of the fundamental poetic characteristics of Serbian poetry of post-war modernism – the reevaluation and reinterpretation of traditional codes, in this case, myth.У раду се анализира песничка збирка Октаве Миодрага Павловића. У истраживачком фокусу је Павловићево разумевање пасторале као класичног песничког жанра који, у његовој обради, проширује свој традиционални хронотоп и на подручје града. Потом, у фокусу је однос природе и града / цивилизације / културе, обликован у свести и поетском изразу лирског субјекта чија се мисао дефинише управо у сукобу поменутих супротстављених категорија. Највећи удео анализе усмерен је ка разумевању архетипске сликовности која се потврђује у бројним изоморфним прожимањима између лирског субјекта и природе. Подузето понирање у семантику и сликовност мита је не само израз удвојености модерног субјекта Октава између природе и цивилизације, но и значајна поетичка одлика Павловићеве ране лирике. Модерност његове поезије открива се кроз тежњу да се представи идентитет модерног субјекта који је растрзан између два дијалектичка облика која одређују његову свест и подсвест – природе и цивилизације, али и кроз поетичку намеру да поменути сукоб у свести лирског субјекта свој израз пронађе кроз повратак митском размишљању и архетипском представљању, чиме је потврђена једна од темељних поетичких одлика српске поезије послератног модернизма – превредновање и реинтерпретација традицијских кодова, у овом случају мита
THE MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SLAVIC CULTURE
No full textМакедонскиот јазик во својата долговековна традиција е поврзан директно со развојот на словенската култура. Нивната заемност се согледува од фактот, потврден во славистичката наука, дека старословенскиот јазик е заснован врз јужномакедонските говори од околината на Солун, поточно од македонските говори од селата: Сухо, Висока и Зарова, во Егејска Македонија. Во XIX век, поточно во 1896 година, словенечкиот славист Ватрослав Облак, проучувајќи го теренски македонскиот јазик, ја поставил македонската теорија за потеклото на старословенскиот јазик. Затоа е значајна улогата на македонскиот јазик во контекст на словенската култура и комуникација. Идејата за духовно, културно и економско обединување на словенските народи била појавена во IX век, со Моравската мисија на сесловенските браќа Светите Кирил и Методиј. Идејата повторно била обновена кон крајот на XVIII и на почетокот на XIX век, период кога словенските народи се наоѓале под напливот на: германизација, унгаризација и елинизација. Тоа е период кога била воспоставена славистиката како наука, кога започнала интезивна соработка меѓу славистите, за да се сочува автохтоната словенска култура. Македонската културна преродба започнала со борба против елинизацијата, со борба за обнова на Охридската архиепископија и за враќање на старословенскиот јазик во богослужбите наспрема насилавоведениот грчки јазик, како и со отворањето училишта на народен јазик. Поради асимилаторските политики кон македонскиот народ, во XIX век и поради поделбата на Македонија во 1913 година со Букурешкиот договор, конечно, во 1945 година се случи кодификацијата на македонскиот јазик.The Macedonian language, through its centuries-old tradition, is directly connected with the development of Slavic culture. Their mutuality is seen from the fact, confirmed in Slavic science, that the Old Slavonic language is based on the South Macedonian speech, from the vicinity of Thessaloniki, more precisely from the Macedonian speeches from the villages of Suho, Visoka and Zarova in Aegean Macedonia. In the 19th century, more precisely in 1896, the Slovenian Slavist Vatroslav Oblak, studying the Macedonian language in the field, put forward the Macedonian theory for the origin of the Old Slavonic language. Therefore, the role of the Macedonian language in the context of Slavic culture and communication is significant. The idea for the spiritual, cultural and economic unification of the Slavic peoples, appeared in the 9th century, with the Moravian mission of the Pan-Slavic brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius. The idea was revived again in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a period when the Slavic peoples were under the onslaught of Germanization, Hungarianization, and Hellenization. This was the period when Slavic studies were established as a science, when intensive cooperation between Slavists began, all to preserve the autochthonous Slavic culture. The Macedonian cultural revival had begun with a fight against Hellenization, through the efforts for restoration of the Ohrid Archbishopric and the return of the Old Church Slavonic language in church services instead of the forcibly introduced Greek language, as well as the opening of schools in the vernacular. Due to the assimilationist policies towards the Macedonian people in the 19th century and the division of Macedonia in 1913 with the Bucharest Treaty, the codification of the Macedonian language finally took place in 1945