Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje: Journals / Универзитет "Св. Кирил и Методиј"-Скопје
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Tropy chorograficzne w piśmiennictwie polskim. Rekonesans
Get PDFThe paper presents an analysis of stylistic traces of chorographies in Polish literature. Chorography had already been developed in ancient times as a description (with different level of detail) of historical-geographical lands, geographical phenomena, landscape details and different objects typical for a given area, known to the author (however, not always first-hand). It included the characteristics of the location and parts of the given region, waterways(hydrology), key cities, residents’ life and habits and sometimes also description of the political system, natural resources and other aspects.It never evolved into a separate genre in Polish literature. Most frequently, chorographies can be found in the introductions to historical works, for example, the 12th centrury chronicle of Gallus Anonymous. Some of them were very popular, like the geographical work by Maciej of Miechów, a bestseller of Renaissance literature in Europe; the chorography by Jan Długosz, which up to the 19th century was a model of informative description of our country; or the guide to the Holy Land by Anzelm Polak, used frequently until the early 20th century. The development of chorography began to diverge in two directions. On the one hand, there were the descriptions of countries, regions and places. The chorographic traces entered, in a very conventional form, the realm of geographical and applied literature. Today, they can be found in tourist guides.On the other hand, there is a hybrid genre structure which evolved from travel reports written most often as journals or diaries. However, so far, there has not been much interest in chorographies and chorographic stylistic traces in Polish scientific reflection.W artykule podjęto analizę tropów chorograficznych w piśmiennictwie polskim. Chorografia ukształtowała się już w starożytności jako opis (o różnym stopniu szczegółowości) znanych autorowi (choć nie zawsze w pełni autopsyjnie) krain historyczno-geograficznych, zjawisk geograficznych i szczegółów krajoznawczych i różnych obiektów charakterystycznych dla danej przestrzeni. Obejmowała zwłaszcza opis położenia i części składowych danego obszaru, stosunków wodnych (hydrologii), najważniejszych miast, żјycie i obyczaje mieszkańców, czasem również ustrój polityczny, bogactwa naturalne i in. W literaturze polskiej zasadniczo nigdy nie wykształtowała się jako osobny gatunek literacki. Najczęściej znajdowała się w części wstępnej dzieł historycznych, jak w kronice Anonima tzw. Galla z XII w. Niektóre z realizacji były niezwykle popularne jak dzieło geograficzne Macieja z Miechowa, bestseller literatury renesansowej w Europie, chorografia Jana Długosza, która aż do dziewiętnastego stulecia stanowiła wzorzec informacyjnego opisu naszego kraju, czy wielokrotnie wykorzystywany aż do początków XX w. przewodnik po Ziemi Świętej, autorstwa Anzelma Polaka. Linia rozwojowa chorografii zaczyna rozchodzić się w dwie strony. Jedną są deskrypcje poszczególnych krajów, regionów i miejsc. W tej formie tropy chorograficzne w bardzo skonwencjonalizowanej formie wkraczają w przestrzeń piśmiennictwa geograficznego i użytkowego, a ich realizacje można zaobserwować do dzisiaj w przewodnikach turystycznych. Druga linia rozwojowa to hybrydowa struktura gatunkowa, która wyrasta z relacji podróżopisarskich najczęściej ujętych w formę diariusza. Chorografiom i tropom chorograficznym nie poświęcono dotąd zbyt wiele miejsca w polskiej refleksji naukowej
Żeńskie formy nazw zawodów, funkcji, stopni i tytułów naukowych w nekrologach prasowych (na podstawie wybranych numerów „Gazety Wyborczej” z lat 2015-2019)
Get PDFFor a few decades, the proponents of feminine forms of names of professions, functions, academic titles and degrees have grown in numbers, but their adversaries still usually have the upper hand. The latter believe that feminine forms such as profesorka, rektorka, dziekanka, doktorka, dyrektorka, ministerka are less prestigious, because they are not common in everyday speech and sound strange, even ridiculous. The article presents data from 54 obituaries of deceased women, as follows: 1. obituaries with generic forms identical to masculine forms that double as feminine (20, or 37.3% of selected obituaries); 2. obituaries with solely feminine forms (2, or 3,7%); 3. obituaries with an equal number of feminine forms and generic forms identical to masculine forms that double as feminine (4, or 7,4%); 4. obituaries with more feminine forms than generic forms identical to masculine forms, that double as feminine (7, or 12,8%); 5. obituaries with more generic forms identical to masculine forms that double as feminine than feminine forms (21, or 38,8%). The obituaries are largely dominated by generic forms identical to masculine forms that double as feminine. This fact is symptomatic of conservatism in language, which has been for the most part successfully stamped out by the Czechs and Germans, nations that favour practical solutions and pursue a democratic language policy.Od kilkudziesięciu lat przybywa zwolenników żeńskich form nazw zawodów, funkcji, stopni i tytułów naukowych, ale ich przeciwnicy raczej przeważają. Sądzą oni, że feminatywy typu profesorka, rektorka, dziekanka, doktorka, dyrektorka, ministerka, premierka, prokuratorka to nazwy mniej prestiżowe, ponieważ nie upowszechniły się w uzusie, brzmią dziwnie, a nawet śmiesznie.
Oto dane statystyczne z 54 nekrologów dotyczących zmarłych kobiet: 1. nekrologi z formami generycznymi identycznymi z męskimi w funkcji żeńskich (20, tj. 37,3% uwzględnionych nekrologów); 2. nekrologi z formami wyłącznie żeńskimi (2, tj. 3,7%); 3. nekrologi z jednakową liczbą form żeńskich i form generycznych identycznych z męskimi w funkcji żeńskich (4, tj. 7,4%); 4. nekrologi z przewagą form żeńskich nad formami generycznymi identycznymi z męskimi w funkcji żeńskich (7, tj. 12,8%); 5. nekrologi z przewagą form generycznych identycznych z męskimi w funkcji żeńskich nad formami żeńskimi (21, tj. 38,8%). W nekrologach zdecydowanie dominują formy generyczne identyczne z męskimi w funkcji żeńskich. Fakt ten jest przejawem konserwatyzmu językowego, od którego w dużym stopniu skutecznie się uwolnili życiowo praktyczni i demokratycznie usposobieni w polityce językowej m.in. Czesi i Niemcy
Об изучении македонского языка в Воронежском университете
Get PDFThis article examines the history of Macedonian language studies at the Department of Slavic Philology at the Voronezh State University. It highlights the fact noted that Macedonian studies at VSU have a long tradition, as well as it provides an overview of the researchers and teachers who are specialists in the Macedonian language. Furthermore, it outlines the approaches to the study of Slavic languages, based on the connection between language and culture. Finally, it reveals the various aspects of cooperation between the Voronezh State University and universities in North Macedonia.В статье рассматривается история изучения македонского языка на кафедре славянской филологии Воронежского государственного университета; отмечается, что македонистика в ВГУ имеет давние традиции; указываются исследователи и преподаватели – специалисты по македонскому языку; излагаются подходы к изучению славянских языков, основанные на учете связи языка и культуры. Раскрываются аспекты сотрудничества Воронежского госуниверситета с университетами Северной Македонии
Митолошко-поетски проникнувања: ликот на Прометеј во македонската и во германската поезија
Get PDFThe paper presents a comparative study of the poems of the Macedonian poet Aco Shopov and the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, while the subject of analysis is the intertextual connections between Macedonian and German poetry based on the thematization of the mythological model for the hero Prometheus. Here, the focus of the comparative analysis is the poem „Prometheus“ by the poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the poem „The Love of Fire“ by Aco Shopov. The juxtaposition of these two mentioned poems through the prism of the intertextual mythological framework opens up the possibility of another perspective in illuminating the poetic analysis of the Prometheus character. The myth of Prometheus in these poetic works illuminated through the prism of the recent framing theory, represents a "frame determinant" for the various discourses with a distinctive function.Трудот претставува компаративно проучување на песните на македонскиот поет Ацо Шопов и на германскиот поет Јохан Волфганг фон Гете, при што предмет на анализа воедно се и интертекстуалните врски помеѓу македонската и германската поезија втемелени врз тематизација на митолошкиот образец за јунакот Прометеј. Во ова истражувањево фокусот на споредбената анализа се песната „Прометеј“ од поетот Јохан Волфганг фон Гете и песната „Љубовта на огнот“ од Ацо Шопов. Јукстапозицијата на споменатите песни низ призмата на интертекстуалната митолошка рамка отвора можност за ново видување во расветлувањето на поетската обработка на ликот Прометеј. Митот за Прометеј во поетските дела расветлен низ призмата на поновата фрејминг-теорија претставува „рамковна одредница“ за различните дискурси со дистинктивна функција
Преводот како продолжение на животот: Звонко Танески, Книжевни крстопати. Сведоштва од меѓукултурниот дијалог. Скопје: Полица, 2023
Get PDFINTRODUCING GLOBAL MINIMUM EFFECTIVE TAX RATE - CHALLENGES FOR THE MACEDONIAN TAX SYSTEM
Get PDFThis paper analyses the challenges for the Republic of North Macedonia, as a developing country, of the implementation at national level of the global minimum corporate tax rate introduced at the end of 2022 on a European level with the Council Directive on ensuring a global minimum level of taxation for multinational enterprise groups and large-scale domestic groups in the Union (Pillar Two Directive).The Pillar Two Directive codifies in the EU law the OECD/G20 Two pillar solution to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy. The global minimum tax is introduced through the global anti-base erosion rules (GloBE rules) which are an important shift in international taxation policy. These rules apply to both multinational enterprises (MNEs) and large-scale domestic groups with a combined group income of €750 million or more. GloBE rules are enforced in cases where the effective tax rate (ETR) of the MNEs and their constituent entities in a specific jurisdiction falls below 15%. In this case, a top-up tax is imposed to ensure that the ETR in each jurisdiction is brought up to 15%. The Directive outlines two mechanisms through which this top-up tax may be implemented: the income inclusion rule (IIR), which mandates a top-up tax on the ultimate parent entity (UPE) for all constituent entities with a jurisdictional ETR below 15%, and the undertaxed profit rule (UTPR), which serves as a safeguard when the UPE cannot be a subject to a qualifying IIR or if the parent entity is unable to collect top-up tax for other reasons. Additionally, the Directive offers the option to apply a qualified minimum domestic top-up tax (QMDTT), which is remitted to the Member State for the constituent entities situated within their jurisdiction in situations when those entities are subject to ETR within the respective jurisdiction that is lower than 15 %. This rule acts as a backstop for the UPE\u27s overall liability for top-up tax. The Pillar Two and the designed GloBe rules constitute a mechanism that is expected to curtail tax competition in corporate income tax, concurrently ushering in the global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% and reducing the profit shifting and base erosion of the MNEs. This paper will present the theoretical framework governing the rules of Pillar Two, elucidate the core principles underpinning the Pillar Two Directive, and delve into the assessment of the minimum standard from the perspective of the Macedonian tax system. North Macedonia will be affected by the global minimum taxation initiative regardless of whether it responds with domestic implementation of GloBe rules or not. The internationally agreed standard gives the possibility for potential tax revenues for the hosting country of the in-scope MNEs on the one hand, and on the other for the participating jurisdiction where their constituent entities are located when the effective tax rate falls below 15 %
THE FORM OF MARRIAGE ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF ROMAN LAW, THE CANONS OF THE HOLY ORTHODOX CHURCH AND MODERN MACEDONIAN LAW
Get PDFMarriage and the form of its conclusion in the history of marriage law according to the period are characterized by their own specificities that are characteristic of that period and law. Thus, Roman law, considering the importance of marriage as a pillar of the state, regulated the conclusion of marriage by creating ways of concluding it which had been specific to the period in which it was valid. The Orthodox Church also, as part of the one Christian Church recognized by Rome, at first was only giving blessing to the concluded marriage, and later began to regulate it with its own rules, which made the conclusion of marriage in the Church mandatory for its believers. Contemporary Macedonian law, which has been relevant since the independence until today, although it has undergone minor changes, did not bypass the conclusion of marriage, but created its own rules for the same. Although these three types of regulations that refer to the form of the conclusion of the marriage have created their own specifics, the idea they carry is the same, namely that the marriage should be concluded and that it should be the basis of a new marital union ("small state i.e. a small church") on which as a basis the state will be founded i.e. The Church will ensure its survival in times
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON HATE SPEECH
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to present the existing international standards concerning nationallegislation regulating hate speech, focusing particularly on the instruments of the Council ofEurope. Namely, Council of Europe’s Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)16 on combating hatespeech and the “General Policy Recommendation No. 15 on Combating Hate Speech” by theEuropean Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) elaborate in detail on the conditionsnecessary to fulfill the provisions of hate speech in the areas of criminal, civil, and administrativelaw, in accordance with international human rights standards. Due to their particular importancefor the national contexts, a summary of these instruments will be provided
Обраќање на свечен час по повод 75-годишното постоење на Катедрата за македонски јазик: Магдалена Ристеска, Студентка на Катедрата за македонски јазик
No full textМоќта на ветувањата како говорни чинови и како дела
Get PDFThe research of speech acts that are used in natural languages, which are spoken worldwide, is a new challenge in linguistics. In the new era, speech acts are studied not only as a linguistic problem but also as elements that make cultural differences.The aim of this research is to highlight the cultural and linguistic characteristics of Albanians living in the RNM in making promises. This study investigates the strategies of promising, classification and probable factors that influence the use of a specific strategy. The strategies were identified and classified into 10 categories according to the proposal of the researchers Arrif and Mugableh and the data was collected by DCT and Role Play techniques. The research aims to answer questions such as: language and verbs used in making promises, “besa” and promises, the strategies of promises etc.The results showed that the most used (common) strategies are: pure promises, time expressions, courtesy-like expressions and as less used strategies are: tautological expressions, self-aggrandizing expressions, swearings that include body-part expressions etc.The research of speech acts that are used in natural languages, which are spoken worldwide, is a new challenge in linguistics. In the new era, speech acts are studied not only as a linguistic problem but also as elements that make cultural differences.The aim of this research is to highlight the cultural and linguistic characteristics of Albanians living in the RNM in making promises. This study investigates the strategies of promising, classification and probable factors that influence the use of a specific strategy. The strategies were identified and classified into 10 categories according to the proposal of the researchers Arrif and Mugableh and the data was collected by DCT and Role Play techniques. The research aims to answer questions such as: language and verbs used in making promises, “besa” and promises, the strategies of promises etc.The results showed that the most used (common) strategies are: pure promises, time expressions, courtesy-like expressions and as less used strategies are: tautological expressions, self-aggrandizing expressions, swearings that include body-part expressions etc