Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje: Journals / Универзитет "Св. Кирил и Методиј"-Скопје
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INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS INTO MODEL BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES
Full text linkIn today’s globalized economy, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a key component ofnational development strategies. The proliferation of multinational enterprises has led to anincrease in foreign-controlled or influenced trading firms, often causing FDI to beovershadowed by portfolio investments. Nevertheless, FDIs contribute far more than financialresources, they often introduce cutting-edge technology, advanced management skills,innovation, and integration into international markets, which together drive more inclusive andsustainable economic growth in the host country. Three primary factors determine a country’sattractiveness to foreign investors. First, favorable macroeconomic conditions, such as robusteconomic performance naturally draw investor interest. Second, a stable political landscapereassures investors, encouraging long-term commitments. Third, legal predictability and atransparent regulatory framework are critical to building investor trust and ensuringconsistency. In this regard, FDI becomes a fundamental engine of progress, delivering not justcapital, but also vital knowledge, infrastructure, and employment opportunities. Techlogytransfer, within this setting, involves the sharing or adoption of scientific knowledge andproduction methods across organizations, sectors, or nations. This transfer occurs throughchannels such as foreign investments, international trade, patent agreements, technical training,and advisory services. This paper examines the role of sustainable development as facilitatedby the latest generation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and their potential to advancesustainable development in an increasingly interconnected global market. These modern BITsare crafted to encourage FDI from capital-abundant, high-tech economies, often OECDcountries, into developing regions. By offering legal guarantees and reducing investment risks,these treaties aim to stimulate the movement of funds, technologies, and know-how fromadvanced economies to those still on the path of development
ПРЕДИКАЦИСКАТА МОДАЛНОСТ ВО БАЛКАНСКИОТ ТУРСКИ ЈАЗИК: ФОРМАЛНА И СЕМАНТИЧКА ВАРИЈАНТНОСТ ВО ЈАЗИЧЕН КОНТАКТ : Дел 1. Веројатност и нужност
Full text linkThe present article constitutes the first part of a two-part study on event modality in selected Turkish varieties of Kosovo, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Eastern Thrace (Turkey). The linguistic structures will be compared with corresponding expressions in Modern Standard Turkish and pre-modern Ottoman Turkish varieties. The study identifies both common features and differences among the Balkan Turkish varieties. Variation occurs in different slots within the investigated constructions and concerns lexical, semantic and morphosyntactic features, including complementation patterns, where both infinitive and subjunctive structures can be found. The linguistic variation is partly dialect-specific and distributed differently among the eastern and western dialects of Balkan Turkish, but intra-dialectal variation is also observed. It will be argued that while some processes that have led to the present situation in Balkan Turkish may be attributed to internal developments of inherited structures and to universal tendencies, impact of language contact has also contributed to the distribution of certain structures within the Turkish dialects of the Balkans.Оваа статија го претставува првиот дел од истражувањето на модалноста на настаните, изразена во одредени турски варијанти од Косово, Северна Македонија, Бугарија и од Источна Тракија (Турција). Јазичните структури се споредуваат со нивните функционални еквиваленти во модерниот стандарден турски јазик и со постојните варијанти во османлискиот турски јазик. Во истражувањето ги определуваме заедничките карактеристики и разлики меѓу балканските турски јазични варијанти. Варијантноста е карактеристична за различни синтаксички позиции на истражуваните конструкции и се однесува на лексички, семантички и на морфосинтаксички особини. Таа се појавува и на ниво на комплементација, како инфинитивна така и субјунктивна. Јазичната варијација е делумно присутна во дијалектите на балканскиoт турски јазик, но со различна застапеност во источните и во западните дијалекти. Во статијата се тврди дека некои процеси, коишто довеле до денешната ситуација во балканскиот турски јазик, можат да се должат на внатрешниот развој на наследените структури, но контактот со сосeдните јазици исто така придонел за постоење на одредени структури во турските дијалекти на Балканот
PREFACE
Full text linkThe human awareness of social appertaining has deep biological and social roots. The alienatedindividual, on his own, is of no significance and is not a human in the real sense of the word, unlesshe becomes a member of any group, reaches a social position and his own place within the system ofrelationships. In contrast to the political parties, which are a relatively new phenomenon, the religiosityrepresents a universal social phenomenon. Hardly any civilization of significance does not have a certainreligious component incorporated within itself or has not been based on it.Evaluating the claims of the secularization story, we face several unresolved questions:1. Is the suppression of religion limited to the area of Europe and is the narrative of secularization atthe same time an attempt to present the European experience to the rest of the world.2. Are religious beliefs being comprehensively suppressed and people becoming less religious, orare we dealing with new forms of religiosity, where new models of religious beliefs and practices areemerging that replace the old/traditional ones?3. Has the religiosity of people not decreased and what has been achieved with the process of secularization.Is this a change in the social role of religion? Secularism is not the suppression of religion butan aspect of the weakening of religious authority
CHRISTIANITY OF FUNDAMENTALISM AND SECULARISM: ARE THERE HINTS OF SOCIAL TEACHING WITHIN THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH?
Full text linkThe scientific paper before us will question the role, scope and importance of OrthodoxChristianity in social issues, especially in the case of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC). The topicof the scientific work is focused on questioning the connections between the specifically Orthodoxexperience of religion and its place in contemporary (Serbian) society. Therefore, the viewsof church dignitaries of the Serbian Orthodox Church regarding the role of the Orthodox faithin social issues were selected as the subject of research. Through his research, the author has sethimself the goal of predicting the possibilities of establishing and building the social teaching ofthe Serbian Orthodox Church. The increasingly active role of religious communities and churchesin contemporary society: from culture, through politics and economy to the natural environmentpoints to the legitimate social significance of the basic assumptions of this scientific paper. Thequestioning of theoretical assumptions, religious conceptions and spiritual-political phenomena:fundamentalism, integralism and secularism on the example of an isolated case study in the ideasand value positions of dignitaries and theologians of the Serbian Orthodox Church leads to anindisputable innovative contribution and scientific justification of the research. After all, the SOChas always been the foundation of the national rallying of the Serbian ethnos, and the main leverof national identity, so the overall justification of the topic is greater. In the paper, the authorstarted from the initial assumption that the current opinion in the Serbian Orthodox Church isnot favorable towards the establishment of the social teaching of the Serbian Orthodox Church.The research was based on numerous methods in social sciences, such as: observation, case study,content analysis, comparative approach..
CURRENT SITUATIONS IN THE CHRISTIAN CONTEXT FROM THE ASPECT OF THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze three key dimensions: the historical-cultural approach, theologicalinterpretations, sociological analyses, and narratives, with a particular emphasis on theOld Testament and gender asymmetry in the creation myth, as well as the Apostle Paul’s teachingson women. The historical-cultural approach seeks to investigate the historical foundations of genderroles within Christianity and the various interpretations that have shaped societal attitudesand norms concerning gender. Additionally, this research will examine the manifestations of genderwithin Christian communities, particularly the status of women in the Christian tradition andthe role of Christianity in shaping and reinforcing gender stereotypes. This involves an explorationof gender dynamics across different Christian denominations, highlighting both progressive andconservative perspectives. Furthermore, this study will address women’s activism and the role offeminist theology, commonly referred to as Christian feminism, within Christian communities. Itwill examine contemporary challenges faced by women in their efforts to resist patriarchal traditionsand explore potential avenues for transforming patriarchal structures within religious institutions.Ultimately, this research aims to assess the broader impact of the Christian tradition onmodern society and its influence on religious and cultural frameworks from a gendered perspective
КУЛТОТ НА СВЕТИ ЃОРЃИ ОДРАЗЕН ВО НЕКОЛКУ МИКРОТОПОНИМИ ВО ЗАПАДНА МАКЕДОНИЈА
Full text linkThe text deals with the origin of several toponyms in Western Macedonia, based on field data indicating that certain ritual practices for the spring celebration of Saint George are associated with the toponyms. Tracing the beliefs and practices of Gjurgjovden allows for a deeper interpretation of the toponymic material, with the naming of these places rooted in the Christian saint George and his non-Christian, Slavic counterparts.
Текстот го реинтерпретира потеклото на неколку микротопоними во Западна Македонија, притоа базирајќи се на теренски податоци што укажуваат дека со нив се сврзуваат определени обичајно-обредни практики за пролетната прослава на христијанскиот светец Ѓорѓи. Проследувањето на Ѓурѓовденските верувања и практики овозможува подлабоко да продреме во толкувањето на топономискиот материјал, а мотивите за именувањето на овие места ги лоцираме во христијанскиот светец Ѓорѓи, односно во неговите нехристијански, словенски пандани
THE EUROPEAN UNION\u27S COPYRIGHT POLICY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF NEW MEDIA AND THE DIRECTIVE ON COPYRIGHT IN THE DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET
Full text linkThe media play a pivotal role in fostering connections among individuals andfacilitating interaction within communities and society at large. They serve as platformsfor sharing collective experiences and, through communication processes, contribute to thecreation of a sense of belonging to a unified societal structure. The advent of the internet,coupled with the rapid technological revolution, has significantly transformed the medialandscape, leading to the emergence and proliferation of new media. These new mediaencompass digital technologies that enable interactive and networked communication,marking a departure from the one-way communication model characteristic of traditionalmedia such as television, radio, and print. The platforms associated with new mediainclude, but are not limited to, social media, blogs, podcasts, online video sharingplatforms, virtual reality environments, and mobile applications.The rise of new media has, however, created a need for substantial adjustments tothe existing legal frameworks, particularly concerning copyright regulations. At theEuropean Union level, this shift has been addressed through reforms aimed at balancingthe rights of content creators with the evolving demands and expectations of consumers inthe digital age. One of the most significant legislative responses to this challenge is theDirective on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, adopted in 2019. This directiverepresents a comprehensive effort to update copyright regulations in light of the new mediaenvironment, ensuring both the protection of intellectual property and fair access forconsumers.This paper explores the European Union\u27s approach to copyright policy, with anemphasis on the key legislative instruments and reforms introduced to regulate new media.Special attention is given to the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market,analyzing its implications for content creation and dissemination in the digital realm.Furthermore, the paper examines the potential impact of the directive on freedom ofexpression, particularly through its new rules on content regulation, and evaluates theposition of the European Court of Justice on this issue
COMPLIANCE – COMPANY LAW AND CRIMINAL LAW PERSPECTIVES
Full text linkCompliance is an important topic from both company law and criminal lawperspectives. However, it is generally not sufficiently discussed in Serbian legalliterature. This is true to an even greater extent regarding the intersection betweencompany law and criminal law. It this paper, the authors provide an overview of therules referencing compliance function in Serbian laws which govern companies andtheir organization, as well as in codes applicable to both the public and privatesectors. Because new laws are often adopted or the laws in force are amended inSerbia, it is not easy to interpret and comply with laws. Serbian legal systemrecognizes liability of legal persons for criminal offences, but the Law of Liabilityof Legal Persons for Criminal Offences is rarely applied in practice. On the otherhand, liability for economic offences is much more common. Therefore,compliance system is also a crime prevention measure that could lead to reductionof costs for companies, but specific conditions as, for example, law application,must be taken into account in order to understand the compliance system effects oncompany behaviour. After outlining the relevant rules, the authors present thefindings of their research which was carried out by analysing the codes of ethicsand corporate governance codes of several Serbian companies and their approachesto compliance. Specifically, the authors examined the compliance programs of the40 most successful companies in Serbia in 2023. The authors conclude that morethan half of the companies in the sample acknowledge and publish some elementsof their compliance programs on their websites. The most common elements arethe whistle-blowing procedure and the code of ethics. Compared to other researchconducted abroad, it can be concluded that while companies in Serbia recognize theimportance of compliance, there is still room for improvement in terms of thenumber of companies that publicly share their compliance efforts, as well as thecontent and quality of these reports
FREELANCERS IN THE SERBIAN COMPANY LAW AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Full text linkUndoubtedly, digital or gig economy is an ubiquitous phenomenon. Growing number of digital workers, often using digital platforms as an intermediary, has not left Serbia a side. However, the Serbian legislator has not completely, or successfully enough, regulated all the issues tackling legal protection of digital workers in general - those whose contract with the demanding side is characterized as the individual employment contract or rather as some general contract in terms of law of obligations. Besides, digital (platform) work often imply the cross-border dimension, raising the issues of international jurisdiction and applicable law with regard to the weaker party\u27s protection. In Serbian company law, significant implications of the legal status of digital worker come to the fore, as digital workers can be perceived as entrepreneurs or as members of a one-person LLC. In this paper, the authors strive to open and discuss some of the legal shortcomings or implications of digital worker\u27s legal status stemming from the Serbian company law and the Serbian private international law