Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje: Journals / Универзитет "Св. Кирил и Методиј"-Скопје
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Трансферот на митот во поезијата како книжевен жанр
Get PDFMyth intrigued researches for ages. Finding its meaning in difrent periods was challenging so it is today. Our research will tend to add more knowledge on the endless field of discovering the main characteristics of myth and the genre where it transfers. In this case the poetry.This paper will give explenations about the nature of myth and nature of poetry. About the characteristics of each and about the main changes that happen when a myth is transferred into a poetry. There will be explained the main tendencies noticed when myths are transferred into contemporary poetry especially, such as rescemantization, demystification and the tendency of changing the gender of the inspirator.Myth intrigued researches for ages. Finding its meaning in difrent periods was challenging so it is today. Our research will tend to add more knowledge on the endless field of discovering the main characteristics of myth and the genre where it transfers. In this case the poetry.This paper will give explenations about the nature of myth and nature of poetry. About the characteristics of each and about the main changes that happen when a myth is transferred into a poetry. There will be explained the main tendencies noticed when myths are transferred into contemporary poetry especially, such as rescemantization, demystification and the tendency of changing the gender of the inspirator
Метафикција и нарација во романот „Искупување“ на Иан Мекјуан
Get PDFThis chapter analyzes the key elements of metafiction and narration that make the novel Atonement one of the pivotal works of the English postmodernist prose. Metafiction with its most significant properties, which directly deals with the relationship between the reader and the text, is one of the main points in this chapter. As a postmodernist tool, metafiction helps the reader to be warned about the unreliability of the narrator in the novel who often merges with the author. Patricia Waugh’s definition of metafiction is also relevant to this chapter as it highlights both the possible consequences of critical interpretation and literary imagination on the characters as well as on the reader’s perception of the fictional and the real. The implications of time disruptions, the leaps forward in time and the flashbacks in the novel, are among the key points discussed in this chapter. Gérard Genette’s narrative tools are used to show Bryony’s thought process in her young and mature age of life in a more precise manner. The narrative techniques are used to set the atmosphere and provide a thorough overview of the work. The novel, in which the process of novel-writing is highlighted, obliges the reader to decide whether or not to believe the narrator about what is true and what is not in the text itself. McEwan draws the reader in the story that he tells, at the same time reminding them repeatedly that his novel is fiction. The development of Bryony’s character, through the use of different points of view, the specific organization of the structure, as well as the multiple levels of meaning in the novel, showcase McEwan’s skill as a writer and make this work an exceptional example of a postmodern metafictional narrative.This chapter analyzes the key elements of metafiction and narration that make the novel Atonement one of the pivotal works of the English postmodernist prose. Metafiction with its most significant properties, which directly deals with the relationship between the reader and the text, is one of the main points in this chapter. As a postmodernist tool, metafiction helps the reader to be warned about the unreliability of the narrator in the novel who often merges with the author. Patricia Waugh’s definition of metafiction is also relevant to this chapter as it highlights both the possible consequences of critical interpretation and literary imagination on the characters as well as on the reader’s perception of the fictional and the real. The implications of time disruptions, the leaps forward in time and the flashbacks in the novel, are among the key points discussed in this chapter. Gérard Genette’s narrative tools are used to show Bryony’s thought process in her young and mature age of life in a more precise manner. The narrative techniques are used to set the atmosphere and provide a thorough overview of the work. The novel, in which the process of novel-writing is highlighted, obliges the reader to decide whether or not to believe the narrator about what is true and what is not in the text itself. McEwan draws the reader in the story that he tells, at the same time reminding them repeatedly that his novel is fiction. The development of Bryony’s character, through the use of different points of view, the specific organization of the structure, as well as the multiple levels of meaning in the novel, showcase McEwan’s skill as a writer and make this work an exceptional example of a postmodern metafictional narrative
Суфиксното изведување во романите Несреќници и Станот на третиот кат на Мурат Исаку
No full textA lot of studies that have been done in the aspect of word formation are very important in the aspect of the language. Linguistic values of a words may be recognized through a deep analize of the aspect of word formation. The work of Murat Isaku has raised the interest of different language studies and critics, but not in the aspect of word formation. Until now there have been studies about this field only about poem.Object of studies in this work is suffix origins in the novels The Unfortunate Ones and The Apartment on The Third Floor by Murat Isaku.The words formed by suffixation in the Albanian language are more numerous than those formed with prefixation, because our language has more suffixes than prefixes (Thomai, 1999:157).Words are grouped as suffixes. In this work we used different research method: Research method of reading and registration of the right words, descriptive methods of classification and comparation. The outcome of the research is that in the poem of Isaku Murat the word formation through the origin of the suffixes is very necessary in the formation of names, adjectives, verbs and adverbs from different subject of word formation. The big number of suffixes, even the words that we can’t find in the dictionary prove for very rich leksic who is very dominant in the book of this writer.A lot of studies that have been done in the aspect of word formation are very important in the aspect of the language. Linguistic values of a words may be recognized through a deep analize of the aspect of word formation. The work of Murat Isaku has raised the interest of different language studies and critics, but not in the aspect of word formation. Until now there have been studies about this field only about poem.Object of studies in this work is suffix origins in the novels The Unfortunate Ones and The Apartment on The Third Floor by Murat Isaku.The words formed by suffixation in the Albanian language are more numerous than those formed with prefixation, because our language has more suffixes than prefixes (Thomai, 1999:157).Words are grouped as suffixes. In this work we used different research method: Research method of reading and registration of the right words, descriptive methods of classification and comparation. The outcome of the research is that in the poem of Isaku Murat the word formation through the origin of the suffixes is very necessary in the formation of names, adjectives, verbs and adverbs from different subject of word formation. The big number of suffixes, even the words that we can’t find in the dictionary prove for very rich leksic who is very dominant in the book of this writer
ЌЕРКИТЕ ЧОВЕЧКИ И СИНОВИТЕ БОЖЈИ: ПАДОТ НА АНГЕЛИТЕ И (НЕ)ПОКРИВАЊЕТО НА ЖЕНИТЕ СПОРЕД ТЕРТУЛИЈАН
Get PDFТhe text outlines Tertullian’s stances on the catastrophic unification (by way ofmarriage) of the daughters of men with the sons of God from the story about the fallenangels. The offspring produced by this merger is horrifically dangerous to the humanrace on earth, and therefore, Tertullian’s aim is to prevent any sort of reactualizationof such a disastrous event. He communicates this through his positions on the primordialsinfulness of the woman, and the blame cast onto the beautiful daughters of men,who, with their unhumble and uncovered beauty tempted the angels so strongly, thatthey caused them to abandon their celestial abodes and functions, and descend to earth,thus disrupting the order in the world, and bringing people problematic knowledge andvarious problematic capabilities, of which the еvilest were those most appealing to thewomen.Tertullian’s aim is to insist on the necessity of the covering of women, especiallyvirgins, since those were the errant daughters of men from the story, so that they do notpose a danger to the chastity of men, and more importantly, to the innocence, moralityand the ontological stability of the angels, and with this, the structure and functioningof the religious community. These objectives are overviewed through his polemic withMarcion, and through his strong opposition to the customs of uncovering by a part ofthe women within the church(es). Through chosen examples from Tertullian’s opus,the instances in which he mentions the motif of the fallen angels through the blame andsin of the daughters of men, and the need to prevent any such transgression are shown.Во текстот се изложени ставовите на Тертулијан за катастрофалнотоспојување (преку склопување на брак) на ќерките човечки со синовите божји одприказната за паднатите ангели. Произведеното потомство е ужаснувачкиопасно по човековиот род на земјата, и затоа, целта на Тертулијан е да се спречикаква било реактуализација на таквиот поразителен настан. Тој го изложуваова преку позицијата за примордијалната грешност на жената и винатана убавите ќерки човечки, кои со својата нескромна и непокриена убавина гисоблазниле ангелите до тој степен, што предизвикале да ги напуштат нивнитенебесни живеалишта и функции, и да се симнат на земјата, на тој начиннарушувајќи го поредокот во светот, и носејќи им на луѓето знаења и разновиднипроблематични способности, од кои најзли биле оние кои биле најпривлечнитокму за жените.Целта на Тертулијан е да инсистира на неопходноста за покривањена жените, особено девиците, затоа што тие биле проблематичните ќеркичовечки од приказната, за да не бидат опасни по чедноста на мажите, и особено,по невиноста, моралноста и онтолошката стабилност на ангелите, но и поуреденоста на црковната заедница. Ова е покажано низ неговата полемикапротив Маркион, и низ спротивставувањето на обичаите на непокривањена дел од жените во рамките на црквата. Низ одбрани примери од опусот наТертулијан се покажани инстанциите во кои тој го споменува мотивот нападнатите ангели преку вината и грешноста на ќерките човечки, и потребатаза спречување на каква било слична трансгресија
НАСИЛСТВО ВРЗ ЖЕНИ СО ПОПРЕЧЕНОСТ
Get PDFThe UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) withits Optional Protocol is the first binding legal act and leading international instrumentregarding the rights of persons with disabilities. One of the principles of CRPDis “respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to makeone’s own choices and independence”, whereby persons with disabilities are recognizedas holders of rights taking into account their specific situation. CRPD recognizes inArticle 6 that “women and girls with disabilities are subject to multiple discrimination”and mandates signatory countries to “take measures to ensure their full and equalenjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.” The research was done inorder to examine the readiness of the state to institutionally cover the awareness of girlsand women with disabilities, their education on the issue of violence, access to servicesand information appropriate to the needs of each category separately, as well as systemicsolutions for their protection from violence. A qualitative research strategy was applied,and the research was conducted with representatives of the Centers for Social Work, representativesfrom the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, professionals who are directproviders of services in the field of non-family protection, as well as the girls and womenwith disabilities themselves. The main conclusions that emerge from the research saythat girls and women with disabilities are more susceptible to violence, especially bytheir partners or family members. More awareness is needed to recognize and encouragereporting of violence.Конвенцијата на ООН за правата на лицата со попреченост (КПЛП) соФакултативниот протокол кон неа е првиот обврзувачки правен акт и водеч-ки меѓународен инструмент во однос на правата на лицата со попреченост.Едно од начелата на КПЛП е „почитување на вроденото достоинство, инди-видуалната автономија вклучувајќи ја слободата за носење сопствени избори исамостојноста“, со што лицата со попреченост се препознаваат како носителина права имајќи ја предвид нивната специфична ситуација. КПЛП во членот 6препознава дека „жените и девојките со попреченост се предмет на повеќекра-тна дискриминација“ и им наложува на земјите потписнички да „презематмерки за да обезбедат нивно целосно и еднакво уживање на сите човекови праваи основни слободи“. Истражувањето е направено со цел да се испита подготве-носта на државата институционално да ја покрие информираноста на девојки-те и жените со попреченост, нивната едукација по прашањето на насилство,пристап до услуги и информации соодветен на потребите на секоја категоријаодделно, како и системски решенија за нивна заштита од насилство. Примене-та е квалитативна истражувачка стратегија, а истражувањето е спроведено сопретставници на центрите за социјална работа, претставници од Министер-ството за труд и социјална политика, стручни лица кои се директни давателина услуги од областа на вонсемејна заштита, како и самите девојки и жени сопопреченост. Главните заклучоци кои произлегуваат од истражувањето велатдека девојките и жените со попреченост се повеќе подложни на насилство, осо-бено од страна на нивните партнери или од членови на семејството. Потребнае поголема информираност за препознавање и охрабрување за пријавување насил-ство
ТЕОДОСИЈУС ДОБЖАНСКИ И ЕВОЛУЦИЈАТА НА ЧОВЕШТВОТО: ЕДЕН ПОИНАКОВ ПРИСТАП
Get PDFThe text is a plausible presentation and critical review of the main work ofTheodosius Dobzhansky: “Evolution of Humanity”. It tries to show and proves thatDobzhansky tries and largely succeeds in offering a different, let’s say, dialectical interpretationof the biological evolution of humanity, i.e., the stages and differences inthe evolution of the human species and race. Following in the footsteps of, but also incontrast to, traditional Darwinism and some similar evolutionary theories, Dobzhanskyinsists on the claim that evolution, primarily biological, is not over, but that it is stillgoing on, despite human, i.e., a cultural intervention, namely simultaneous and together/conjunctive with it, which seeks to influence and change the directions of the existingnatural flows and processes. During the multi-millennium history, biology and culturebecame interdependent and interfering, with which man (woman and man) with hisappearance asserted himself as the main and most responsible factor/agent of the fateof the human race and the survival of the human community/human species, namelysurvival of oneself, but also of the totality and entirety of the planetary biodiversity, asa necessary prerequisite for one’s own survival and existence.In his research on the evolution of humanity, Dobzhansky starts from the inspiringviews of some famous predecessors, such as Pierre Teilhard De Chardin, but wecan argue that Dobzhansky influenced many of his contemporaries, including NoamChomsky, especially when it comes to linguistic research on the genesis and emergenceof human language, and the influence of transformative-generative grammar on thedevelopment of the human mind, i.e., on the development of the human brain.At the same time, we can state that Dobzhansky’s research and insights correspondand coincide with the research and ethical attitudes of some modern bioethicists,philosophers of biology and culturologists, as well as with the attitudes of manylike-minded people and followers.Текстот е плаузибилен приказ и критички осврт врз главното дело наТеодосијус Добжански: „Еволуција на човештвото“. Тој настојува да покаже ида докаже дека Добжански се обидува и во голема мера успева да понуди еднопoинакво, да кажеме, дијалектичко толкување на биолошката еволуција на чо-вештвото, т.е. фазите и разликите во еволуцијата на човечкиот вид и род. Натрагите, но и за разлика од традиционалниот дарвинизам и некои слични ево-лутивни теории, Добжански инсистира врз тврдењето дека еволуцијата, предсè биолошка, не е завршена, туку дека таа и натаму трае, и покрај човековата,т.е. културна интервенција, имено едновремено и заедно/конјунктивно со неа,а која настојува да влијае и да ги промени насоките на досегашните природнитеченија и процеси. Во текот на повеќемилениумската историја, биологијатаи културата станаа меѓузависни и интерферентни, со што човекот (женатаи мажот) со својата појава се наметнал како главен и најодговорен фактор/чи-нител на судбината на човековиот род и опстанокот на човековата заедница/човечкиот вид, имено опстанокот на него самиот, но и на тоталитетот и це-лината на планетарниот биодиверзитет, како на нужен предуслов за сопстве-ниот опстанок и преживување.Во своите истражувања на еволуцијата на човештвото Добжански тр-гнува од инспиративните ставови на некои познати претходници, каков што ена пример Пјер Тејар Де Шарден, но можеме аргументирано да констатирамедека Добжански влијаел врз многу негови современици, меѓу другите и врз НоамЧомски, посебно кога станува збор за лингвистичките истражувања на генезатаи настанокот на човековиот јазик, и влијанието на трансформативно-генера-тивната граматика врз развојот на човековиот ум, т.е. врз развојот на човеко-виот мозок.Едновремено, можеме да констатираме дека истражувањата и созна-нијата на Добжански кореспондираат и коинцидираат со истражувањата и соетичките ставови на некои современи биоетичари, философи на биологијата икултуролози, како и со ставовите на множество истомисленици и следбеници
“TOO MANY COOKS IN THE KITCHEN? EU-NATO OVERLAP IN SAFEGUARDING EUROPEAN CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE POST - 2022”
Get PDFUntil 2022, European citizens had not faced any direct physical threat to theirCritical Energy Infrastructure (CEI) for generations. However, in September of that year,everything changed with the sabotage of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines, which connectedGermany to Russia. The research begins from this period due to the significance of boththe year and the event. That year saw the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine, introducing anew (in)security landscape for Europe. The event was also unprecedented, emphasizing theimportance of this starting point. This shifted CEI protection to a top priority for both theEU and NATO, prompting action from both international organizations to prevent similarincidents in the future. However, the October 2023 Balticconnector incident — damage to anunderwater gas pipeline and communication cable between Finland and Estonia — revealedinefficiencies in the synergy between NATO and the EU regarding CEI protection. This raisedthe research question: is there any overlap between the two organizations in CEI protection,and if so, in which areas?Through an in-depth case study using the analytical tool of organizational overlap, it wasfound that there is significant overlap between the EU and NATO in their efforts to protectEuropean CEI, particularly in the areas of division of labor and mandate. The study examinedtheir strategies, discourse, methods, and intentions, concluding that coordination remainsinsufficient. Although steps have been taken to address the issue—such as the creationof the EU-NATO Task Force on CEI resilience and the “Coherent Resilience 2023 Baltic”tabletop exercise—progress in 2024 remains limited, leaving much to be desired from bothorganizations in this field
THE ART OF CONNECTING CULTURES
Get PDFFour major ‘ideal type’ models may be distinguished in cultural relations in society:Monocultural (monopoly of one culture), Multicultural (living apart together, in mutual tolerance),Secular (rule of law, equality, culturally neutral) and Intercultural (different cultures connected inequivalence). Cultural diversity will become more prominent in the wake of increasing globalisationand migration – which makes the challenge of connecting cultures more urgent than ever.This essay reports on a content analysis of the proceedings of two European conferences on religiousdialogue and cooperation (2019, 2022) in Struga, North-Macedonia. These suggest thattoday cultures are being disconnected rather than connected. Where several major cultures co-existthey struggle for cultural priority; where one dominant culture exists it defends itself againstintrusion by other cultures. At the same time there is a persistent pull towards the secular model.This stands in the way of coming closer to the intercultural model. Movement in the direction of anintercultural model appears to remain restricted to statements of political and religious correctnessor incidental grass roots initiatives.This essay will offer a survey of policies that have had a positive and negative effect onconnecting cultures, leading to explore the transition to an intercultural society. The criticalvariables in that process will be identified and analysed, leading to proposals for proactivepolicies to strengthen the connecting process
БЕЛЕШКА ЗА БАРТОВОТО КРИТИЧКО ЧИТАЊЕ НА ПРУСТ И ЗА ДУАЛНОСТА СМИСЛА/ПОЛЕ НА СМИСЛАТА
No full textThe position that Barthes holds when reading Proust can be easily characterized today, thanks to the publication of Barthes’ main texts about Proust in Marcel Proust, Mélanges (2020). Barthes’ reading of Proust highlights the play of a duality between ‘sense’ and ‘field of sense’ in À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time). It also examines the specific temporality of the narrative, which enforces an equality of past, present, and future, as well as the remarkable reflexivity and conclusion of the novel that makes Proust’s past the future of the narrator. Barthes’ comments on À la recherche du temps perdu illuminate and revise the main concepts of his literary theory, and find in the interplay of the sense/field of sense duality a means to redefine literature on one hand, and on the other, to surpass the critical impasses addressed in Le Degré zéro de l’écriture (Writing Degree Zero).Денес може лесно да се дефинира позицијата што ја зазема Ролан Барт при читањето на Марсел Пруст, благодарение на објавувањето на неговите најзначајни текстови во врска со Пруст, во делото Marcel Proust, Mélanges (2020). Бартовото читање на Пруст ја нагласува играта на дуалноста помеѓу „смисла“ и „поле на смислата“ во À la recherche du temps perdu (Во потрага по изгубеното време). Истовремено, ова читање ги истражува како специфичната темпоралност на наративот, која наметнува истоветност на минатото, сегашноста и иднината, така и необичната повратност и завршеток на романот, кои прават минатото на Пруст да биде иднина на нараторот. Коментарите на Барт во врска со À la recherche du temps perdu ги расветлуваат и ги ревидираат главните концепти на неговата книжевна теорија. Преку интеракцијата на дуалноста смисла/поле на смислата, тие упатуваат на тоа како, од една страна, да се редефинира книжевноста и како да се надминат, од друга страна, критичките безизлезности коишто Барт ги согледа во Le Degré zéro de l\u27écriture (Нулти степен на писмото)
(НЕ)СЕКОЈДНЕВНОТО И (НЕ)ОБИЧНОТО ВО НЕКОЛКУ РАСКАЗИ НА ДАНИЕЛ ОДИЈА
Get PDFThe paper analyzes several of Daniel Odija’s short stories – mainly “Lica” (Faces), “Triptih” (Tryptich) and “Vistinska prikazna” (True Story), translated from Polish to Macedonian by Filip Dimevski (Goten, [2005] 2018). The main subject of interest and interpretation is the everyday and the ordinary and how these are artistically transformed into something uncommon, sometimes uncanny and/or extraordinary. Odija uses humor to present seemingly difficult topics, such as death, illness or hopelessness, and by doing so, he (or rather his narrators), flip and twist the expected, at the same time giving a comic note to what would otherwise be considered serious or grim. His style of presenting his characters and the various life events they go through is humoristic and whimsical, which almost erases the serious tone in certain situations, as well as the gravity of some conditions or life events (like the grandmother’s funeral in “Tryptich”). The main hypothesis is focused on exploring the way the everyday and the ordinary are transformed into something extraordinary and uncommon but not just for the sake of catching our – the readers – attention, but, rather, to artistically transform the mundane into something memorable. The descriptive method and the introspective method should lead us to the conclusion that Odija’s narrators transform everyday characters into artistic works of art through detailed, often comical, often bizarre, yet colorful descriptions and conspicuous presence, which turn them into something notable.Во трудот се анализираат и се коментираат неколку раскази (со главен акцент на „Лица“, „Триптих“ и „Вистинска приказна“) од збирката раскази Стакларница (2005) на полскиот автор Даниел Одија (прев. од полски на македонски јазик на Филип Димевски; Готен, 2018 г.).
Предмет на интерес е (не)секојдневното и (не)обичното и како тие се трансформираат во несекојдневна и стилизирана, уметничка пригода и појава. Се истражува главната хипотеза според која преку хумористичниот стил, успешно доловен од преведувачот, се преобразуваат ликови, настани и сцени од секојдневниот живот и тие прераснуваат во уметнички перформанс.
За докажување на хипотезава се користат дескриптивниот и интроспективниот метод. Целта на трудот е да покаже како преку хумористичниот стил, Одија, преку своите наратори (Мјетек, Роберт и др.), го претставува тегобното и тешкото како весело и комично, тривијализирајќи ги големите теми, како што е смртта, за да ги направи уметнички подостапни и поедноставни за разбирање