E-Journal UNUJA (Universitas Nurul Jadid)
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of 5c-Based Risk Mitigation and Sharia-Compliant Restructuring in Reducing NPF in Sharia Mortgage Financing: A Case Study of Bank BTN Syariah Diponegoro Surabaya
Full text linkThis study analyzes the implementation and effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies in Sharia Home Ownership Loan (KPR) financing using the 5C principles (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition) and sharia-compliant restructuring mechanisms to reduce Non-Performing Financing (NPF) at Bank BTN Syariah Diponegoro Surabaya. The issue is critical because the national NPF ratio for sharia mortgages has shown fluctuations in recent years, posing threats to portfolio quality and institutional stability. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three key informants directly involved in consumer financing analysis, collection, and documentation, complemented by secondary data from internal bank reports and regulatory sources. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation, technical triangulation, and member checking. The findings show that the rigorous application of the 5C principles helped prevent high-risk applicants from entering the financing portfolio, with 23% of applications rejected during 2024–2025 due to 5C deficiencies. Meanwhile, restructuring measures—through rescheduling, reconditioning, and contract adjustments—helped stabilize debtor repayment abilities and contributed to a decline in potential NPF escalation. Internal branch records indicate that these combined mitigation strategies helped maintain NPF at a controlled level despite wider national fluctuations. This study contributes to the literature by integrating pre-disbursement (5C) and post-disbursement (restructuring) mitigation frameworks within sharia mortgage financing, addressing a gap in existing studies that often examine these mechanisms separately. Practically, the results provide guidance for Islamic banks in strengthening responsive and sharia-compliant risk management systems
REVIEW OF ISLAMIC LAW AND LAW NO. 1 OF 1974 AND CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 CONCERNING SIRI MARRIAGE LAW: THE POSITION OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PROPERTY
Full text linkThis study discusses the position of wives, children, and property in unregistered marriages based on Islamic law, Law No. 1 of 1974, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The method used is a legal-normative approach with a comparative approach to Islamic legal literature and legislation. The results of the study show that according to Islamic law, unregistered marriages are valid religiously if they fulfill the pillars and requirements of marriage, but they do not have legal force because they are not registered. As a result, wives and children find it difficult to obtain legal protection for their status and civil rights, including inheritance rights and joint property. Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 recognizes the civil relationship between children born out of wedlock and their biological fathers, thereby strengthening legal protection for children born from siri marriages. Therefore, marriage registration is important to ensure legal certainty for all parties
RAISING THE MARRIAGE AGE, RAISING DISPENSATIONS? EVIDENCE FROM THE MALANG RELIGIOUS COURT AFTER CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 22/PUU-XV/2017
Full text linkThis study examines the legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 on the minimum marriage age and its relationship with the rising number of marriage dispensation cases before the Malang Religious Court. Using an empirical juridical (socio-legal) approach, primary data were collected through interviews with judges and court clerks, while secondary data comprised relevant statutes, the Constitutional Court decision, and selected court rulings. The findings indicate that the decision was accommodated through Law No. 16 of 2019, which equalized the minimum marriage age at 19; however, implementation has redirected practices toward the dispensation mechanism. SIPP data show a sharp increase in dispensation petitions in the Malang City Religious Court (83 in 2018; 183 in 2019; 260 in 2020; 261 in 2021). Key constraints include open-textured dispensation standards, weak operational guidance and cross-sector coordination, the voluntary nature of proceedings, and broad judicial discretion that normalizes dispensations. Policy recommendations include tightening “urgent reasons” criteria, issuing stricter judicial guidelines, and requiring health-psychological assessments and child-protection involvement
STRATEGIC EDGE : HOW MARKET AND COMPETITOR ORIENTATION DRIVE RETAIL PERFORMANCE
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the influence of competitor orientation, market orientation, innovation, marketing strategy, and marketing through social media on marketing performance, with competitive advantage as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with descriptive methods was used in this study. Primary data were collected from 350 respondents who are employees of retail companies in Batam City and analyzed using SmartPLS 3 software. The results show that most of the independent variables have a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage, which in turn has a strong impact on improving marketing performance. The findings strengthen the understanding that effective implementation of competitor orientation, market orientation, and marketing strategy can enhance competitive advantage as well as marketing performance in the retail industry
PROFITABILITY OF ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS: A STUDY OF INTERNAL AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS
Full text linkThis study analyzed the impact of internal and external factors on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, measured by ROA. Using quarterly financial data from 2019 to 2024, with 224 valid observations, the analysis focused on CAR, FDR, NPF, BOPO, bank size, GDP, and inflation. The findings show that internal factors significantly influence profitability, with NPF and BOPO negatively affecting ROA, while larger bank size correlates with lower profitability due to higher operational costs. External factors like GDP and inflation had no significant impact on ROA. F-test and R² results confirm the model’s statistical significance and explanatory power. The study highlights the importance of internal management strategies, recommending improvements in asset quality and operational efficiency to boost financial performance
THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GREEN PRODUCT INNOVATION ON THE PURCHASE INTEREST OF GENERATION Z CONSUMERS
Full text linkThis study aims to examine the influence of Green Entrepreneurship and Green Product Innovation on Purchase Intention among Generation Z consumers in Malang City. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and obtained from Generation Z respondents selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS, including validity and reliability testing, normality testing, multicollinearity assessment, and multiple linear regression to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that Green Entrepreneurship has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. Similarly, Green Product Innovation demonstrates a significant contribution to increasing consumers’ intention to purchase environmentally friendly products. These findings highlight that sustainable entrepreneurial practices and eco-friendly product innovations enhance young consumers’ interest in UMKM products, emphasizing the strategic importance of sustainability in contemporary marketing
EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Full text linkThis study's primary goal is to investigate how institutional ownership and intellectual capital affect the financial performance of pharmaceutical businesses that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2023. In order to evaluate the association between the variables, this study uses a quantitative approach that starts with descriptive statistical analysis and ends with panel data regression. Purposive sampling was used to choose ten pharmaceutical sub-sector enterprises from the population, which is made up of businesses in the healthcare industry. The firms' yearly financial reports, which were retrieved from the official IDX website, provided secondary data. The Fixed Effect Model (FEM) strategy was selected based on the outcomes of model testing. The results show that institutional ownership and intellectual capital have no discernible impact on pharmaceutical businesses' financial success. This implies that institutional ownership and intellectual capital have not yet reached their full potential in improving business performance
Effectiveness of Hypertension Management through Early Detection, Hypertension Education, and Hypertension Exercise.
Full text linkHypertension is one of the leading Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) causing cardiovascular complications in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension management through early detection, health education, and hypertension exercise interventions. A pre-experimental design was used with a community nursing care approach. The intervention included early detection and hypertension education for 55 residents, as well as hypertension exercise involving 15 residents, with blood pressure measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis. Results showed that early detection identified a prevalence of 49.1% of respondents as severely overweight, 29.1% with grade 2 hypertension, and 9.1% with blood glucose levels >200 mg/dL. Unhealthy lifestyle habits included high sodium intake (69.1%), sugar (60%), fat (45.5%), while only 25.5% consumed vegetables and fruits adequately, 52.7% had low physical activity, and 10.9% were smokers. Hypertension education significantly increased knowledge scores from 5.33 to 7.69 (p = 0.000), and hypertension exercise significantly reduced systolic blood pressure from 129.47 mmHg to 122.73 mmHg (p = 0.000), and diastolic pressure from 83.53 mmHg to 81.13 mmHg (p = 0.027). Hypertension management through early detection, education, and exercise proved effective in increasing knowledge and reducing blood pressure among residents
Student’s Perceptions of Differentiated Learning in EFL Classroom
Full text linkThis study investigates students’ perceptions of differentiated learning in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, emphasizing four key dimensions: acceptance of differentiated learning, instructional strategies, learning environment, and learning outcomes. The research was conducted with 35 students from class XI-E at SMAN 10 Surabaya, who responded to a questionnaire designed to measure their experiences and attitudes toward differentiated instruction. The findings reveal that students generally expressed positive responses to the implementation of differentiated learning. They agreed that the classroom environment and teaching approaches were supportive of their individual preferences and meeting the learning outcomes, particularly when activities were tailored to visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles. This indicates that differentiated learning has the potential to foster inclusivity by addressing diverse needs within the same classroom. Although all four dimensions received average to high scores, instructional strategies were rated somewhat lower compared to other aspects, highlighting the necessity for further refinement in the delivery of differentiated methods. The results suggest that, while differentiated learning can create a more engaging and meaningful experience for students, its success depends on the teacher advanced skills in implementing the method and development while also the active involvement of the student itself. Overall, the study underscores differentiated learning as a promising approach in enhancing EFL learning
Students’ Challenges and Self-Efficacy in Academic Writing and Research in ELT: A Descriptive Survey
Full text linkAcademic writing and research proficiency are important for undergraduates in English Language Teaching (ELT), as they reflect the ability to express academic arguments and conduct evidence-based inquiry. Though indispensable, a great number of students still face problems while trying to master these skills, especially with the linguistic accuracy that is necessary, argument structure, anxiety related to writing, and proper use of research methodologies. There have been studies that focused on the difficulties experienced in writing, researches on skills, or self-efficacy separately, but only a few have analyzed the intersection of these areas in the ELT setting thus far. This research scrutinizes the hurdles that students encounter in academic writing and research along with their self-efficacy regarding such tasks. A quantitative descriptive survey design was adopted with a sample consisting of forty English Education students from Universitas Negeri Semarang who had already taken the courses Academic Writing and Research in ELT. A structured 51-item questionnaire was used to gather data, which was meant to assess students' difficulties in academic writing and research, The students' self-efficacy in these tasks was also evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the students performed at a moderate level of difficulty in writing (M = 3.17) and research (M = 3.20) with the greatest difficulty being about time management, writing anxiety, and data handling. Yet, the participants showed moderate to high self-efficacy in writing (M = 3.79) and research (M = 3.81), indicating strong confidence in conceptual understanding but limited assurance in analytical tasks. These findings suggest that, although students are sufficiently motivated and confident, they require further instructional assistance in research methodology, analytical processes, and academic writing conventions. The study suggests that including systematic instruction, scaffolded practice and formative feedback into ELT curricula can enhance both students’ technical competence and academic confidence, eventually developing independent reflective, and research-oriented English language educators