Journal of Social Sciences (International Black Sea University)
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Integrating Environmental Attributes into Marketing Strategies of Wine Producers
Get PDFDue to the fast technological advancement, pressures regarding environmental sustainability and social responsibility have become inseparable part of every industry. Wine industry, which is based on the agricultural products has a direct impact on the environment and consequently is involved in the general trend and increased concern of the environmental sustainability. Together with the high quality, contemporary and future consumers will expect the wine-growing and producing practices to be environmentally sustainable. This trend has the direct influence on the obvious shift of wine producers from corks to alternative twists as the top closures of the bottle. Occurring without actual tree removal, cork harvesting retains wildlife habitat in a uniquely biologically diverse landscape. Consequently important notion exists that fate of many species is tied to that of cork industry. This trend creates interesting relationship among cost reduction, environmental ustainability and customer perception and segmentation. More specifically, while alternative twist tops, other than corks, increase the ease of consuming the product, it decreases the customers’ perception of oldness, which represents an important aspect of the wine consumers purchasing behaviour. This indicates the necessity of careful analyses of the different segments of the market regarding the preferences of ease of usage or age of wines keeping in mind the environmental sustainability. Consequentlythe main focus will be made on presenting the findings, which will demonstrate the interesting correlation of above mentioned aspects of viti/viniculture, followed by the recommendations on proper integration of the environmental attributes in overall marketing strategies of wine producers, as the means of motivation for maintaining environmental sustainability
The Economic Factors Affecting Emigration Process in Georgia
Get PDFThe problem of emigration become one of the vital problem not only in Georgia but in all developing countries. The aim of this paper is to analyses the economic factors that are affecting to this process in Georgia. The paper is based on the regression analysis between economic variables and the level of emigration between years of 2000 to 2014.Regression analysis modelshows 80, 7 percent significance level of economic indicators.For the economic reason the emigration disposition is still high in the population of Georgia. Despite the fact that the intensity of stationary emigration in recent years fall, the level of illegal emigration is still high. The possible further emigration process would worsen the demographic situation in Georgia
Main Aspects of the Georgia`s Energy Policy and Energy Independence
Get PDFIn the research, there are analyzed the main political and economic benefits for Georgia from the realization of Southern Corridor - TANAP and TAP projects in the short-term and long-term perspectives, possibilities of the strengthening cooperation between Georgia and Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey, also relations between official Tbilisi and countries from the South-East and Southern Europe. Furthermore, there are reviewed the issues related to the situations on the domestic energy market of Georgia and perspectives of the expansion of the energy corridor and South Caucasus pipeline and its impact on the socioeconomic and political development of Georgia and Black Sea/Caspian Region
The Repercussions of Russian and Ukrainian Conflict on Security of the Republic of Moldova
Get PDFRepublic of Moldova’s realistic analysis of its security is required to be addressed in terms of geopolitical and geographical position. However Moldova is a state of a geopolitical border, with direct border with the EU and NATO on the one hand and indirect with the Russian Federation, on the other hand. Thus, Moldova ‘s geopolitical position is totally different on the grounds that is in the area of vital geopolitical interests of the Russian Federation and also near other areas listed above. Moldova’sgeopolitical situation is disadvantaged in terms of perception that the Russian Federation has on the post- Soviet space (abroad), that are regarded as exclusive spheres of interest. The events in eastern part of Ukraine caused by Russian-Ukrainian contradictions have a direct impact on regional security. This article will analyze the impact of the Russian and Ukrainian crises on the security of the Republic of Moldova
Geopolitical Issues in the Current Crisis Between Ukraine and Russia
Get PDFThis article concentrates on the new geopolitical role and place of Ukraine, taking into account consequences of the military conflict with Russia. After the Soviet Union collapsed, a huge transformation occurred because of the critical role and geopolitical importance of Ukraine for both Russia and the EU. The former considers it strategically important not only as a littoral state at the Black Sea that borders on several EU member states but also a transit country for Russian gas. In turn, the European Union occupies a cautious stance towards both Ukraine and Russia weighting positive and negative developments that its decisions may cause. Depending on the results of the future presidential elections, the United States might continue to pursue aims that would further irritate Russia or they will prefer to avoid actions that would risk harming Moscow’s ties with Washington
A Theoretical Framework for Understanding (Lack of) Change in Post-Soviet Countries: from Democratic Transition to Rule Persistence
Get PDFSince collapse of communism, some theoretical and empirical knowledge has been accumulated which make it possible to elaborate certain observations over the processes of post-Communist transformation in post-Soviet countries. Despite the heavy criticism and uncovered fallacies of transitology in the academic literature, its ideas on sources of change based on neoliberal presumptions of linearity of change sustain in policy-making and academic circles, while many countries that supposedlyembarked on the path of democratic transition towards this “endpoint” have stalled in their progress. To address this issue, in this paper we highlight that the transformation or persistence of rules depends on a number of interdependent factors. To assess the degree of transformation or persistence of rules, first it is pointed at the prevalence of politics over economy and hazardous impact of homogenization attitudes towards institutional change. Second, four interrelated issues are particularlyhighlighted as necessary factors for understanding the prospect and potential sustainability of change in the region: the level of inclusiveness of political institutions (political democracy), development of institutions and their capacities to regulate, level of inclusiveness of economic institutions (market economy) and strength of civil society and external factors, such as the ongoing EU-Russia competition in the case of the post-soviet countries
Humanitarian Intervention and International Law
Get PDFThe article aims to study the grounds of humanitarian intervention, analyse the rationale behind the use of force for humanitarianpurposes in the context of international law while it lacks the clear-cut definition according to the UN Charter. In addition, thearticle examines the particular case of a humanitarian intervention that enables to comprehend the preconditions and criteriaof intervention. It also looks at the controversial issues between the fundamental principles of international law and humanitarianintervention. The article clarifies the trends attempting to depict the aforesaid fundamental principles and humanitarianintervention as compatible institutions triggering the debates over establishing the humanitarian intervention as a customarylaw norm
Transnational Security of South Caucasus
Get PDFDespite of occupying a comparatively small territory, The South Caucasus exhibit a bizarre cultural, religious, linguistic, ethnical diversity. The region is squeezed between Caspian and Black Seas, comprising the states of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Region has considerable interest from the global players of international politics since it occupies a key strategic location and frames a bridge between Asia and Europe through linking the Caspian Sea and Central Asia with the Black Sea and Western Europe. Furthermore, South Caucasus is an important transport and energy corridor, notably as a hydrocarbons transit route from Caspian Sea region to international markets.This paper examines general view of security architecture in South Caucasus with the aim of emphasizing most prominent security challenges and threats. It also assesses the transnational security challenges that the region faces, demonstrating the lack of regional cooperation and considers the potential for cooperation in the future. The central research question here is what are the most prominent transnational threats for the region and how can these threats be addressed? Is there enough individual effort for South Caucasian States to eliminate the threats or a basis for broader cooperation and efforts to collective security should be formed
Characteristics of Initiating Criminal Prosecution in England and France
Get PDFThe given article concerns the characteristics of initiating criminal prosecution in England and France. Besides that, discussionsare held in the comparative legal context about initiating criminal prosecution in Georgia, France and England. Based on the comparison of procedural provisions of these countries the similarities and differences of initiating criminal prosecution have been distinguished. Furthermore, the article focuses on the range of bodies having an authority to initiate the prosecution. In the final part an evaluation is made whether it is appropriate to consider the elements of initiating prosecution of England andFrance in the criminal procedure law of Georgia
Securitization of Georgia under the Saakashvili Rule
Get PDFFollowing the collapse of Communist regimes across Eurasia, ecuritization became a pressing problem for newly emerging democracies as ruling elites in many post-Soviet states used securitization as a shield for retaining power. This study is based on case study analyses and has two objectives: to highlight the dynamics of Georgia’s securitization process, and to show how this process corresponds to existing theoretical and empirical experience. It is evident that the formulation of threat perceptions and the decision making process in Georgia have been constructed and dominated by the elite of the United National Movement(UNM). Georgia’s move under Saakashvili’s regime on securitization has been fairly controversial – it has been responsible for both the rise and then the fall of his regime. During the last decade, Georgia under Saakashvili’s rule has represented a bright illustration of the beginning of a successful and then failed securitization process. Research shows thatsecuritization can be successful in the short run and is particularly likely to succeed in post-communist and Eurocentric countries, ruled by authoritarian or “competitive authoritarian regimes”. However, in the long run, securitization leads to the curbing of basic freedoms and the introduction of far-reaching extraordinary measures in the name of security cannot sustain itself and inevitably fails