Journal of Social Sciences (International Black Sea University)
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Strike or not to Strike Options on the Table to Stop Iran from Going Nuclear
Get PDFLatterly, various experts and political analysts have been hotly debating in the world press whether the West should strike Iran in order tostop its nuclear program. The first part of the article deals with argumentation whether to strike Iran in order to stop its nuclear programand simultaneously presents variant viewpoints on what specific threat nuclear-armed Iran poses. The second half of the article discussesa possible course of action the United States might take to curb Iran and consequential events. The article aims to arrive at a less destructivesolution to the problem.The article directs to the conclusion that Iran’s aggressive foreign policy bears defensive nature driven by the self-survival instinct of anisolated country. The nuclear program also serves this very purpose to provide more security guarantees for the regime, minimize therisk of external strike and increase its bargaining power during the negotiations. Currently, the regional spoiler role is the only one to beplayed by Iran, enabling this developing and unformed economy country to resemble a great power player. Thus, if the United States doeswish to neutralize nuclear-armed Iran and consequential threats, it should stop to isolate the latter from regional politics and let it becomeone of the building blocks of regional political security architecture, as this could assure Iran in the possibility of maintaining its securitywithout going nuclear
Death Penalty in Georgia and Former Eastern Bloc Countries
Get PDFThe article reviews death penalty as a type of punishment that has been used in Georgia from the ancient times till the end of the 20thcentury. It contains a brief description of legislation in both feudal and soviet eras. The article also discusses the way Georgian state andlaw have been passed concerning the important issues such as rejection of death penalty as the capital punishment. Along with the Georgianexample, the research deals with experience in utilizing and abolishing of death penalty in the countries of former socialist block.The article provides the research results concerning the societal attitude towards the death penalty conducted by different organizationsin different periods of time.The research emphasizes international legislation, particularly international conventions and agreements that regulated and still regulatepossibility of use of death penalty in the civilized world. Namely, it is applied to crimes and cases that were committed for which internationallegislation allowed death penalty as a possible measure of punishment. The article also talks about the modern worldviews, argumentsoften presented by the supporters and opponents of the abolition of death penalty, principles of humanism and state competenceon using the capital punishment.In conclusion, the article stresses author’s opinion about the problematic issues
Road Leading Georgia to the European Union Membership
Get PDFThis article describes the political activities and political situation of Georgia after the collapse of Soviet Union; the article analyses the following issues: Why Georgia is willing to join European Union; why this prominent organization attracts the attention of most developed countries. The article researches the mutual interests of EU and Georgia. It emphasizes the importance of political reforms and goals that the new government of Georgia carried out after the "Rose Revolution" and how EU supported the new reforms in the country;
The article displays European Union's political position and support of Georgia during 2008 August war; it analyses the reasons of different reactions and political viewpoints by the countries of EU related to the War.
The article, also, examines the main points and principles of "Maastricht Treaty", "Lisbon Treaty" "Copenhagen Criteria". Obviously, almost every European country is willing to become the part of Union. The special requirements are offered by EU to the candidate countries to be satisfied. Here are discussed main criteria of joining European Union, how Georgia satisfies these criteria and whether Georgia is near to the EU integration or the goal of joining EU is still quite far away
The Purpose and Functions of Imereti Protected Areas
Get PDFThe article represented covers the information about the protected areas in Imereti region. In 1996, Georgian Parliament recognized the importance of the natural and cultural areas in Georgia by passing the law about the system of protected areas. The mentioned law created a legal basis for the establishment of protected areas - with the objective to protect outstanding natural areas and valuable cultural heritage. According to the law, the following categories were established and operated: strict nature reserve, national park, natural monument, managed nature reserve, protected landscape and multiple use area.
Except the categories of the protected areas listed in the law, Imereti region possesses other rich tourism potential resources which are not investigated. It would be advisable to popularize those protected areas, to provide population with more information about truly unique nature, which will foster the development of tourism that will have positive impact on both country and region's economic growth
“Real Rights of Realisation”
Get PDFThe article examines the main legal issues regarding the real rights of realisation according to the Georgian law. The 1st part of the paperis dedicated to the pledge as a security right (the means of security of an obligation) on movables and transferable intangible property, bywhich the pledgee shall be entitled to satisfy his claim from the object of pledge in preference to the other creditors of the debtor. Accordingto manner of creation there are 2 kinds of pledge: legal pledge and contractual pledge.The 2nd part of the research is dedicated to the mortgage. Like pledge, mortgage is the means of security of an obligation, by which themortgagee shall be entitled to satisfy his claim from the object of mortgage in preference to the other creditors of the debtor. However,unlike pledge, the objects of mortgage are the immovable property as well as the rights (real rights) that are connected with the ownershipof a plot of land (for instance, superficies, usufruct); furthermore, mortgaging is not related with transfer of the object of mortgage intothe mortgagee’s possession, which enables the debtor (the owner) to use it
Obama Foreign Policy Doctrine: Preparing America to Succeed in Multipolar World
Get PDFThe article aims to explain the foreign policy doctrine of the Barack Obama administration, describe the core principles and assumptions it is based on and in this context, analyze the concrete steps it undertook in international relations.
It is well-known that Barack Obama's foreign policy is based on an important recognition. Namely, the world has become much more multipolar today than it was even ten years ago. This means that America can no longer be the only state that dictates its order to the world. Therefore, America should no longer be the only state responsible for providing the global "public goods" as well. However, world still needs the US's leadership. Today, America is the only state that possesses the necessary power and influence to lead in dealing with the issues, such as the maintenance of the open and stable economic system, climate change and global warming, nuclear proliferation, the fight against international crime etc., and succeed in involving all relevant global players in the process as they are common for all. The US leadership, as well as the peaceful evolution of the international order depends on how America succeeds to engage the world's leading states into the cooperation for resolution of these issues. The most important challenge for the United States in the 21st century, however, will be the reforming of the current world order that is a kind of a hierarchical liberal institutionalism, based on the American hegemony, experiencing a legitimacy crisis in today's world. In this way America will, for the third time in its existence, continue to lead in the formation of an international order that will be an open, rule-based, evolutional form of the liberal institutionalism, where the newly emerging powers will manage to pursue their vital interests and this fact, together with American leadership will be the guarantor for the stability of the new international order
Analysis of Nagorny Karabakh Conflict
Get PDFEthnic conflicts arte one of the main hampering factors of the state's security and development. Despite the fact that in this global world a lot is done for eradication of conflicts, in many parts of the world they still are a big threats periling global security.
Conflict discussed in the article below was the first ethnic conflict of the USSR, which continued after its collapse and still takes place between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the territory of Nagorny-Karabakh. Conflict hampers the security of the whole South Caucasus region and strongly hinders regions development.
Nagorny-Karabakh conflict that is one of the bloodiest disputes in South Caucasus was the beginning of the ethnic tensions in the Soviet Empire and together with many other reasons eventually lead to its collapse
Transatlantic Relations The United States of America, Europe and NATO
Get PDFThe article displays the historical background of the transatlantic relations; the way the United States and Europe strengthened theirdiplomatic ties; how they manage to deal with the leading superpower-the Soviet Union; the emphasis is given to the establishment ofthe first organization- The League of Nations that was an American concept introduced by the 28th president of US Woodrow Wilson.The league dedicated its policy to cooperation and collective security. Actually, later on, the weakness of the league became quite evidentwhen it was not able to avoid the second tragedy of the world. Nowadays NATO serves the world as the defender of the ancient conceptof collective security.The article analysis the significance of NATO, the mutual cooperation of the United States and Europe in the period of Cold War; it alsoresearches US’s leadership position in the contemporary politics; its support and devotion to Europe in times of difficulties. Here arediscussed the variety of perspectives and interests of the US and Europe; How they realize their political goals; the differences in the wayof conflict resolution are examined;The article also reveals the balance of “hard” and “soft” powers; and finds answers to the following questions: why the United States isreferred as “hard power” and Europe as “soft power”; how they cooperate and influence he world politics; how the universal principlesand values that Europe together with the US carries out and attracts other nations shape the modern nations and political environment
International Experience of Statistical Assessment of the Shadow Economy
Get PDFThe article analyzes the basic approaches to the definition of the shadow economy and deals with the statistical approach as the mostsuitable for exploration of the international experience of evaluation of the shadow economy. According to the methodical specificationsof the study of the shadow economy, three large groups of countries are defined and the main features of the international statistical assessmentof the shadow economy are investigated. In obedience to these features, the priority ways of modernization of internationalassessment of the shadow economy is propose