The Economics of Science (E-Journal) / Экономика науки
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Принципы бережливого управления исследованиями и разработками на основе методологии уровней готовности инновационного проекта
Get PDFThe approach of lean management of innovative research and development (BIIIR) is presented, a significant part of which is a systematic objective assessment of the level of readiness of the project for commercialization. The role of the research executives and the independent working group (TRL-committee) in the implementation of the BIIR principles is shown, practical formats for expert assessment of development readiness levels are given.Представлен подход бережливого управления инновационными исследованиями и разработками (БИИР), существенной частью которого является систематическая объективная оценка уровня готовности проекта к коммерциализации. Показана роль в реализации принципов БИИР исполнителей исследований и независимой рабочей группы (TRL-комитет), приведены практические форматы экспертной оценки уровней готовности разработки
Подходы к определению ключевых функций и целевых индикаторов региональных научно-образовательных центров
Get PDFAn overview of the tested in the Russian Federation in 2009–2018 is presented. Models of cooperation between organizations of science, education and industrial partners: Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 9, 2010 No. 218, Federal law of August 2, 2009 No. 217-FZ, aimed at creating a ring of small innovative enterprises around universities, as well as the project of the Association of Entrepreneurial universities. It is proposed to be guided by the understanding of the criteria for technological development, which is proposed by the strategic planning documents, when determining the key functions of scientific and educational centers (SEC). The assumption is made that formalizing this concept would allow developing a more harmonious system of indicators of the technological development of the country as a whole and individual regions and more clearly formulating the goals and objectives of SEC as a model of technological development. It is noted that the SEC efficiency indicators proposed by the methodology of The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to a greater extent reflect the totality of the functions of the cooperation participants, but not the quality of initiatives aimed at accelerating the technological development of the region. The basic conditions for productive cooperation are proposed to include the critical mass of specialized companies, ensuring the dominance of private initiative, attracting and retaining highly qualified specialists from scientific and business circles, as well as venture investors
Роль профессионального сообщества в развитии рынка инжиниринга в России
Get PDFThe barriers to the development of the industrial engineering market as a tool to ensure the full life cycle of high technology products in Russia are considered. The problem is the most difficult to overcome barriers attributed to the vague definition of engineering services and the problem of trust between participants. Proposals were substantiated to clarify the content of engineering activities and intensify the professional community in the direction of creating a self-regulatory organization as a generator of communication and certification activities, as well as creating an updated national register of engineering companies.Рассмотрены барьеры развития рынка индустриального инжиниринга как инструмента обеспеченияполного жизненного цикла наукоемкой продукции в России. К числу наиболее трудно преодолимых барьеров отнесены размытость определения инжиниринговых услуг и проблема недостатка доверия между участниками. Обоснованы предложения по уточнению содержания инжиниринговой деятельности и интенсификации усилий профессионального сообщества в направлении создания саморегулируемой организации как генератора коммуникационных и сертификационных мероприятий, а также по созданию актуализированного национального реестра инжиниринговых компаний
Особенности экспертной оценки инвестиционных проектов на примере медицинской отрасли
Get PDFThe analysis of the normative legal documentation regulating the procedure for holding competitions for the best project is performed. The modern methodology and technology of selection and expert evaluation of investment projects in the state and commercial sectors of the economy are considered. The types of risks of ineffective management decisions are determined based on the analysis of the results of expert evaluation of these investment projects, including in the field of medicine.Выполнен анализ нормативной правовой документации, регламентирующей процедуру проведения конкурсов на лучший проект. Рассмотрены современная методология и технология отбора и экспертной оценки инвестиционных проектов в государственном и коммерческом секторах экономики. Определены виды рисков неэффективных управленческих решений на основе анализа результатов выполненной экспертной оценки этих инвестиционных проектов, в том числе в области медицины
О востребованности создаваемого центрами компетенций научно-технического задела
Get PDFThe article discusses methodological approaches to the analysis of the accumulation and relevance of scientific and technical groundwork. Scenarios for the demand for scientific and technical backlog are proposed, which are the trajectories of accumulation and development of new knowledge and technologies. The presented analytical constructions can be used in the development and implementation of measures of the state scientific and technical policy on the formation of a scientific and technical reserve and assessment of its practical use.В статье рассматриваются методические подходы к анализу накопления и востребованности научного-технического задела. Предложены сценарии востребованности научно-технического задела, представляющие собой траектории накопления и развития новых знаний и технологий. Представленные аналитические конструкции могут быть использованы при разработке и реализации мер государственной научно-технической политики по формированию научно-технического задела и оценке его практического использования
Применение методологии уровней готовности для бережливой разработки цифровых двойников сложных инженерных систем
Get PDFDue to the complexity of full-scale object modeling and the need to use advanced computing technologies, the digital twin development process may require significant time, financial and human resources. Therefore, it is important for lean management of digital twin development to classify them by functionality, determine the current technology readiness level (TRL), and monitor its dynamics over short periods of time. A description of the life cycle stages of digital twins virtual models and adapted conditions to achieve technology readiness level are proposed. The use of the formalized TRL metric for detailed project planning by specific results reduces the development time, costs, and improves the quality of the results.В силу сложности полномасштабного моделирования объектов и необходимости применения передовых вычислительных технологий, процесс создания цифровых двойников может потребовать значительных временных, финансовых и человеческих ресурсов. Поэтому важным для бережливого управления разработкой цифрового двойника является его позиционирование по функциональным возможностям, определение текущего уровня технологической готовности (TRL) и контроля его динамики на коротких промежутках времени. Предложено описание этапов жизненного цикла виртуальных моделей цифровых двойников и адаптированные к ним условия достижения уровней технологической готовности. Использование детального планирования разработки с целеполаганием по конкретным результатам формализованной TRL-метрики приводит к сокращению времени на разработку, затрат, повышению качества полученных результатов
Роль высших учебных заведений России и Китая в развитии инновационных образовательных кластеров
Get PDFThe article is devoted to one of the most perspective mechanisms of innovation implementation in Russia and China – in the form of innovation educational clusters. The leading role of higher educational institutions is underlined in formation of innovative economy and high-tech projects, as well as in the decision of previously established and newly emerging constraints associated with global processes in the world economy. Based on the review and analysis of its results, the authors formulate proposals for applying the existing experience of implementing the cluster approach with the direct participation of higher education institutions in the creation of international innovative educational clusters for the formation of joint projects in the most promising industries and technologies, in particular, in the medical industry and pharmaceuticals. The relevance of the research is due to the need for further development of educational and scientific ties, trade and economic relations between Russia and China, increasing the competitiveness of both national economic systems as a whole, and high-tech enterprises of the two countries in domestic and global markets
Gross Job-Creation and Gross Job-Destruction Determinants: Empirical Analyse at Micro Firms Data Level
Get PDFThis study analyses gross job-creation and gross job-destruction determinants at the firm level for a panel of Portuguese micro-firms across four industry sectors, using the Ordinary Leat Square and Fixed Effect econometrics model to analyse a database consisting on 15.686 micro firms, for the period going from 2010 to 2017. It was found that laggard gross job-creation, assets tangibility, financial leverage, profits, and the fact firms belong to the construction sector determine gross job-creation. Regarding gross job-destruction, it was found that this variable is determined by its laggard variable, firm’s size, worker’s tenure, and the fact the firm belongs to the hotels and restaurant sector. Finally, findings suggest that a resource-based approach explains gross job-creation and gross job-creation for micro firms by using microdata. This study contributes to the state of the art on the determinants of employment and firing at micro firms’ level as it investigates the importance of the independent variables in explaining micro firm’s labour demand in Portugal.This study analyses gross job-creation and gross job-destruction determinants at the firm level for a panel of Portuguese micro-firms across four industry sectors, using the Ordinary Leat Square and Fixed Effect econometrics model to analyse a database consisting on 15.686 micro firms, for the period going from 2010 to 2017. It was found that laggard gross job-creation, assets tangibility, financial leverage, profits, and the fact firms belong to the construction sector determine gross job-creation. Regarding gross job-destruction, it was found that this variable is determined by its laggard variable, firm’s size, worker’s tenure, and the fact the firm belongs to the hotels and restaurant sector. Finally, findings suggest that a resource-based approach explains gross job-creation and gross job-creation for micro firms by using microdata. This study contributes to the state of the art on the determinants of employment and firing at micro firms’ level as it investigates the importance of the independent variables in explaining micro firm’s labour demand in Portugal
Методы оценки влияния технологий на характеристики перспективной продукции и достижение целей научно-технологического развития (на примере гражданского авиастроения)
Get PDFA methodological approach is proposed to assess the impact of new technologies on achieving the goals of scientific and technological development of the industry (for example, aircraft manufacturing). It assumes a hierarchical relationship between the characteristics of individual technologies, the characteristics of products (aircraft) and the integral characteristics of air transport systems. It is considered that at the stage of applied research and development not hypothetical but real objects are developed. The composition and relationships of the necessary complex of mathematical models are described.Предлагается методологический подход к оценке влияния новых технологий на достижение целей научно-технологического развития отрасли (на примере авиастроения). Он предполагает иерархическую связь между характеристиками отдельных технологий, характеристиками изделий (летательных аппаратов) и интегральными характеристиками авиатранспортных систем. Учитывается, что на стадии прикладных исследований и разработок разрабатываются не реальные, а гипотетические объекты. Описан состав и взаимосвязи необходимого комплекса математических моделей
Практическое применение методологии комплексной оценки научно-технологических проектов на примере оценки проектов ФЦП «Исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям развития научно-технологического комплекса России на 2014–2020 годы»
Get PDFThe article provides examples of the practical application of the methodology for the integrated assessment of scientific and technical projects to assess the results of completed projects, as well as to assess the level of technological development of projects carried out according to the program activities of the federal target program “Research and development in priority areas of the Russian scientific and technological complex for 2014–2020 years“. A methodology for the comprehensive assessment of scientific and technical projects and integrated project portfolios, including integrated innovative development programs as part of various programs to support scientific and technical activities. The developed special tools, algorithms and integrated assessment algorithms make it possible to determine the level of project requirements, for example, TRL, as well as assess the level of the project team and its complexity. ongoing project. The use of special tools in the management bodies of innovation development institutions will increase the effectiveness of ongoing support programs