The Economics of Science (E-Journal) / Экономика науки
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ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ БАРЬЕРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЗЕРНОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РОССИИ
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a significant deterioration in the quality of Russian grain and a reduction in the production of food wheat. In the structure of the crop in 2016, food wheat was 28%, the remaining 78% was the fourth and fifth grade wheat, used for the production of forage grains. Five years ago, the ratio of food wheat and wheat of the fourth and fifth grades was 1: 1. The article considers four main groups of technological barriers affecting the development of the domestic grain industry. The patent – conjunctural analysis of each direction was carried out, the key laws of its development, and the availability of a raw and infrastructural base for its development, scientific and technical rewards for the further development of the industry were allocated. The conclusion about the need for an integrated approach to the development of all areas in general was done. It is shown that the development of related technologies in the grain industry, such as precision farming, can not significantly improve the efficiency of the industry in the absence of strong basic technologies such as grain selection and seed conservation, fertilizer production and soil quality improvement, production of chemical plant protection products, storage of grain
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ БАРЬЕРЫ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ЭКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ЗЕРНОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РОССИИ
Get PDFRussia is the world's largest wheat exporter. The sales volume on foreign markets in 2015 amounted to $3.9 billion, or 10.1% of global exports. By the end of 2015, the volume of exports of agricultural products exceeded revenues from sales of arms in foreign markets. However, in dollar terms, wheat exports correspond to only a fifth place in the world. The article analyzes the reasons for a significant gap in the volume of exports and revenue, barriers to the development of export of agricultural deep processed products. The assumption is made that the development of technologies for deep processing of grain crops will increase the share of exports of Russian products with high added value.Россия является крупнейшим в мире экспортёром пшеницы, объем продаж на внешние рынки в 2015 г. составил 3,9 млрд долл., или 10,1% от общемирового экспорта. По итогам 2015 г. объем экспорта сельскохозяйственной продукции России превысил доходы от продажи вооружений на внешних рынках. При этом в долларовом эквиваленте экспорт пшеницы соответствует лишь пятому месту в мире. В статье анализируются причины значительного разрыва в объеме экспорта и полученных доходах, барьеры развития экспорта зерновой продукции глубокой переработки.Обосновано предположение о том, что развитие технологий глубокой переработки зерновых культур будет способствовать повышению доли экспорта российских товаров с высокой добавленной стоимостью
ПАТЕНТЫ ГРАЖДАН РФ, НЕ ИМЕЮЩИЕ РОССИЙСКОГО ПРИОРИТЕТА, КАК ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАНЫ
Get PDFThe analysis of the portfolio of patent documents that do not have a Russian priority, issued to the citizens of the Russian Federation in foreign patent offices, was made. It is shown that, despite the provisions of the Civil and Administrative code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, the Russian inventors often obtain patents in foreign countries, bypassing the stage of filing of the application with the Russian patent office. Cross-country comparisons of the number of patent applications of residents of other States who have not received the priority of the respective country were made. It is shown that for US residents, for example, the share of such applications does not exceed 7%, while for residents of the Russian Federation accounts for almost 42%. The reasons that lead to an increase in the number of applications of Russian inventors that do not have priority of the Russian Federation and belong to foreign companies were studied. The main reason is the lack of interest from companies of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation for the advanced development.Выполнен анализ портфеля патентных документов, не имеющих российского приоритета, выданных гражданам РФ в зарубежных патентных ведомствах. Показано, что, несмотря на нормы Гражданского и Административного кодекса РФ, а также Уголовного кодекса РФ, российские изобретатели часто получают патенты зарубежных стран, минуя стадию подачи заявки в российское патентное ведомство. Выполнены межстрановые сравнения числа патентных заявок резидентов других государств, не получивших приоритета соответствующей страны. Показано, что для резидентов США, например, доля таких заявок не превышает 7%, в то время для резидентов РФ составляет почти 42%. Рассмотрены причины, приводящие к росту числа заявок российских изобретателей, не имеющих приоритета РФ и принадлежащих зарубежным компаниям. В качестве главной причины указывается отсутствие заинтересованности в передовых разработках со стороны компаний промышленного сектора РФ
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРАГЕРЦОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ: ПАТЕНТНЫЙ ЛАНДШАФТ
Get PDFThe article is dedicated to the analysis of areas where terahertz radiation is applicable with the hwlp of a patent papers review, as well as to obtaining knowledge about the invention activity changes in this area over the past 35 years.Orbit patent databases’ capabilities were used to complete this analysis. Data search was conducted by keywords “terahertz” or “THz.” The searches were neither limited by submission dates, by priorities, nor by the country. A comprehensive analysis will allow to determine a more than 7389 patent-analog families’ aplications submitted in the period between 1980 and 2017 years. Statistical processing of obtained documents has been completed with the assistance of program software, indicated in the database. It was revealed that terahertz technologies have significant prospects to be applied in various areas; a fact, that is confirmed by an identified range of fields, where electromagnetic radiation of terahertz spectrum is applicable and is constantly growing. The dynamics of patenting is characterized by annual stable positive growth in the number of applications for inventions in the researched area. The highest number of inventions was identified in the field of instrumentation technologies, optics, telecommunications, semiconductor technologies, and medicine. Additionally, there was analyzed the state of patenting over the course of last five years. Examples of inventions were given. There were identified leading countries and companies in the researched area
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПАТЕНТНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ РАНОРАСШИРИТЕЛЕЙ И СШИВАЮЩИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ
Get PDFIn the framework of the implementation of the import substitution policy of the Ministry of industry and trade issued order No. 655 dated March 31, 2015 “On approval of the action plan on import substitution in branches of the medical industry of the Russian Federation” according to which the share of imports in the majority of medical devices in 2015 amounted to 80–100%, but by 2020 should be reduced up to 10–20%. Analyzed inventive activity of domestic and foreign inventors in the field of anorexically and crosslinking products, which is celebrated in Russia.The data obtained do not allow to characterize scientific and technological backlog of the Russian Federation in the field anorexicly and crosslinking products as competitive. The possibility of achievement of indicator Order No. 655 of the Ministry of industry and trade of import substitution at the level of 40–50% by 2020, assessed as extremely low. The analysis of patent documents do not allows us to hope that Russian manufacturing companies are ready to offer mass production for the domestic market and capture niche global market. The рatent activity of foreign companies indicates that they are at the present time and next during the term of their patent monopoly for the production and sale in the domestic market these products
ПРОБЛЕМА ВЫБОРА ИНДИКАТОРОВ, ОТРАЖАЮЩИХ ДОЛЮ НАУКОЕМКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ НА ГЛОБАЛЬНОМ РЫНКЕ
Get PDFAccording to the results of the implementation of the priority «industry of nanosystems» an analysis of the use mechanism of protection of intellectual property rights in the global namespace. Argues that only the intellectual property identificeret prospects for capturing a share of the global market of science-intensive products.Therefore, to capture and consolidate global technological leadership in the postindustrial society, primarily in the form of its institutionalization in the system of world standards intellectual property. Noted that the reports of UNESCO and the world intellectual property organization (WIPO), published in 2015, the Program of nanoindustry development in the Russian Federation recognized as not effective in the criterion of low patent activity. The data of the patent analysis in three technological fields of nanotechnology, highlighted WIPO’s as mainstream, estimated the share of Russian patents in the world portfolio in each of these areas.The conclusion about the fundamental relevance of this indicator the priority areas as «the number patents with a priority of the Russian Federation, obtained in foreign countries» to assess the country’s share in the global market high-tech products
ФЕНОМЕН СОЗДАНИЯ ВЫСОКОПРОДУКТИВНОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НАУКИ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ КОРОТКИЕ СРОКИ: САУДОВСКАЯ АРАВИЯ И КАТАР
Get PDFoai:oai.ecna.elpub.ru:article/80The phenomenon of creation of highly productive national science during a historically short period (10 years) in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. The article presents the results of scientometric analysis of the publication flow in the Russian Federation, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, indexed in Scopus database for the period between 2011 to 2015 years. A comparison was completed of gross expenditure on research and development in these countries. It has shown that at lower national budgets on R & D Saudi Arabia and Qatar have achieved a much higher scientific productivity of domestic sciences in comparison with Russia. The article presents a review of action plan and directions of scientific-technological policy that allowed Saudi Arabia achieve a dynamic development of the national scientific and technological sector.Рассмотрен феномен создания высокопродуктивной национальной науки за исторически короткие сроки (10 лет) в Саудовской Аравии и Катаре. Представлены результаты наукометрического анализа публикационных потоков РФ, Катара и Саудовской Аравии, проиндексированных в БД Scopus за период с 2011 по 2015 гг. Выполнено сравнение валовых затрат на исследования и разработки в перечисленных странах. Показано, что при существенно меньших национальных бюджетах на ИиР Саудовская Аравия и Катар добились значительно более высоких наукометрических показателей продуктивности национальных наук по сравнению с РФ. Выполнен обзор моделей действий и направлений научно-технологической политики, позволивших Саудовской Аравии добиться динамичного развития национального научно-технологического сектора