The Economics of Science (E-Journal) / Экономика науки
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ДИНАМИКА И СТРУКТУРА ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЕЙ ПРОЕКТОВ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ ЦЕЛЕВОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ «ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РАЗРАБОТКИ ПО ПРИОРИТЕТНЫМ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯМ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИИ НА 2014–2020 ГОДЫ»
Get PDFThe article considers socio-demographic issues of research and development of the «Federal Target Program for Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014–2020». Analysis based on project's documents in the Program from 2014 to 2016. We studied the dynamics in both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of project performers – applied research and experimental development, and defined trends of project R&D personnel changes, including sociodemographic characteristics: age, size and composition of performers, the proportion of researchers with academic degree, and the proportion of women-researchers. In the article it is shown that specialists under 40 years of age are the largest part of project performers. The renewal of project personnel in time of projects is 65 percent. In the article it is also shown a strong correlation between project academic personnel and academic personnel of Russia as a whole. We devised proposals for tracking quantitative and qualitative parameters of project performers and for securing growth the skill level of young specialists in projects
НОВЫЕ КРИТЕРИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УЧАСТНИКОВ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ И РАСПОРЯДИТЕЛЕЙ БЮДЖЕТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ НА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РАЗРАБОТКИ
Get PDFThe article offers systematic criteria for assessing efficiency of researchers and decision-makers responsible for the expenditure of state resources invested in research and development. These criteria are suggested in drafts of normative acts developed by Russian Ministry of science and education and by Federal agency of scientific organizations in 2015.The article provides assessment of the comparability of two suggested criteria within one category of indicators. There are developed a set of suggestions on how to form a system of unified and clearly read criteria, more adequate in relation with objectives for developing mechanisms for competitive funding of scientific-research and design and experimental inventions.Систематизированы критерии, призванные оценить эффективность участников исследовательской деятельности и распорядителей бюджетных средств на исследования и разработки, предложенные в проектах нормативных документов, разработанных Минобранауки России и ФАНО в 2015 г. Дана оценка сопоставимости предлагаемых критериев в рамках одной категории показателей. Разработан комплекс предложений по формированию системы унифицированных и однозначно читаемых критериев, более адекватных задачам развития механизмов конкуренции при бюджетном финансировании НИОКР
ПОДХОДЫ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДОЛИНЫ МГУ ИМ. М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА
Get PDFLomonosovMoscowStateUniversityis a leading Russian institution of higher education, the only one included in the top 100 authoritative global ranking – ARWU (Shanghairanking). Since 2014 it is planned to implement a large-scale project of theTechnologyValleyinRussia, the research world-class center associated with the University. The paper analyzes the main approaches to the implementation of the project, based on the analysis of international experience. We formulated recommendations for its implementation. In the modern world, the competitiveness of the country is determined by its ability to create opportunities for human potential, to attract and retain the most talented people. TheTechnologyValleyproject inRussiashould be developed regarding to its local position advantages and theMoscowuniversity development goals should also be taken into account. The accelerated development of the project can become a successful anti-crisis strategy. МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова – это ведущий университет России, единственный входящий в топ-100 авторитетного глобального рейтинга ARWU (Шанхайский рейтинг). С 2014 года в России планируется реализация масштабного проекта создания Технологической долины, научно-исследовательского центра мирового уровня, связанного с университетом. В работе проанализированы основные подходы к реализации данного проекта на основе изучения международного опыта. Сформулированы рекомендации по его реализации. В современном мире конкурентоспособность страны определяется созданными возможностями для раскрытия человеческого потенциала, для привлечения и удержания наиболее талантливых людей. Проект создания Технологической долины должен реализовываться с учетом преимуществ, обусловленных его расположением вблизи Московского университета, и способствовать развитию самого университета. Проект может стать успешной антикризисной стратегией.
ДИВЕРСИФИКАЦИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ НОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛЬНУЮ ЭПОХУ: АНАЛИЗ МОДЕЛЕЙ ДЕЙСТВИЙ
Get PDFThe article analyses business processes and actions models, based on the utilization of new sciencedriven technologies used for the production of products and services that are implemented by large international industrial conglomerates within the framework of realizing the diversification strategies. As a research sample, we have chosen models of managing technological innovations, which formed the basis of the diversification strategy of Fujifilm Holdings Corporation in 2000–2015. The article notes that the company expedited the widening of new technological areas for development since the beginning of the 2000’s. High technology products manufactured using new technologies are no longer launched by the company every 7–10 years as in 20th century but instead, much more rapidly, every 3–4 years. There is noted a significant change in the company’s approach to reducing the life span of innovations. Today, Fujifilm prefers to enter new markets by purchasing innovations already used by medium sized fast growing high tech companies, and not form new research departments in their holding company. Attention is drawn to the fact that more often Fujifilm uses the strategy of unrelated diversification, by demonstrating whereby the readiness to widen the scope of its activities in any sphere with the good return on investments perspectives. The article emphasizes the significant importance of Russian industrial companies to be able to purchase innovative solutions and partner with providers of science-driven technologies and products, including small and medium-sized enterprises
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ АДРЕСНОСТИ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ВЕДУЩИХ УЧЕНЫХ И НАУЧНЫХ КОЛЛЕКТИВОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПУБЛИКАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ
Get PDFIn order to increase the competitiveness of the Russian scientific-technological complex in the global environment, it is planned to increase competition through State funding, spent on research and development. This will allow the focus of investment resources on the most perspective ideas and projects of the most efficient scientists, communities and organisations. The article suggests that we will witness the widening of competitive forms of funding against the simultaneous and gradual cuts in the share of financing through State contracts.One of the key criteria for evaluating the competency of team leaders and research applicants for State funding are measuring those who have «achieved high scientific results in concrete field of science», as a scientometric indicator, characterising their publication activity and citation rating.The article provides evidence showing that evaluation of individual scientists and whole scientific communities based on their publication activity indicators and impact is limited and challenges the ability for targeted funding and transparency in the selection process for executive projects
АНАТОМИЯ НОВОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Get PDFUsing medical science as an example, there are analysed issues and questions regarding an evolution of the Programme for fundamental scientific research of state science academies. It is demonstrated that the current system for managing fundamental sciences is incredibly conservative. It is concluded that problems with shaping key performance indicators for the Programme of fundamental scientific research 2016 and forthcoming years, including its structure, are the result of a separation of scientific resource management from the management of scientific research. Authors of the article confirm the necessity to integrate scientific institutions into one unique system of scientific research and implementation of scientific inventions into healthcare practice. На примере медицинской науки рассмотрены вопросы и проблемы эволюции Программы фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук. Показано, что существующая система управления фундаментальной наукой чрезвычайно консервативна. Делается вывод, что проблемы формирования плановых показателей Программы фундаментальных научных исследований на2016 г. и последующие периоды, включая её структуру, являются результатом отделения управления научными ресурсами от управления научными исследованиями. Авторами обосновывается необходимость интеграции научных учреждений в единую систему научного поиска и внедрения научных достижений в практическое здравоохранение
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РАСХОДОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТА НА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РАЗРАБОТКИ В ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОМ СЕКТОРЕ НАУКИ
Get PDFThe article suggests that it is critical to optimise the State's expenses on research and development (R&D). The authors suggest that one of the key instruments for increasing efficiency in spending of government's resources on R&D sector would be to introduce new models of financing projects from the entrepreneurial sector of science. This sector uses the largest gross expenditures on R&D (60%) and more than half of State resources. According to international practice it is evident that the entrepreneurial sector of science is precisely the one that should take the lead in moving R&D towards new technological milestones. However, a relative analysis of State and entrepreneurial sectors of Russian science has shown that the industrial sector, having spent 60% of National resources on R&D and owing 47% of total scientific personnel, has yet not contributed to re-industrialisation of domestic industry