Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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REFORMASI AGRARIA DALAM KERANGKA OTONOMI DAERAH
Get PDFABSTRACT
Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pembaruan agraria dipercayai sebagai proses perombakan agraria di daerah dan pembangunan kembali struktur sosial masyarakat, serta terjaminnya kepastian penguasaan atas tanah bagi rakyat sebagai sumberdaya kehidupan mereka, sistem kesejahteraan sosial dan jaminan sosial bagi rakyat di daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif, hanya meneliti normanya saja sehingga hanya meneliti bahan kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan spefikasi penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu penelitian yang menggambarkan secara menyeluruh dan sistematis dari pokok masalah. Hasil yang diperoleh diharapkan memberikan gambaran yang sebenarnya dari permasalahan, maka daerah diharapkan mampu meningkatkan daya saing dengan memperhatikan prinsip demokrasi, pemerataan, keadilan, keistimewaan, dan kekhususan serta potensi dan keanekaragaman daerah dalam sistem Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Urusan pelayanan pertanahan secraa yuridis formal adalah merupakan urusan wajib yang diberikan oleh Undang-undang kepada pemerintahan daerah, untuk tercapainya kepastian dan perlindungan hukum serta keadilan dan kemakmuran bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia pemerintah mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria. Keywords: agraria; otonomi daerah; reformasi.
ABSTRACT
This study discusses how agrarian reform is believed to be a process of overhauling land in the region and rebuilding the social structure of society, as well as ensuring certainty over land tenure for the people as their source of livelihood, social welfare system and social security for the people in the region. The research used is normative juridical, only researching the norms so that only researching library materials. In this study, the author uses research specifications that are descriptive analytical, namely research that describes thoroughly and systematically from the subject matter. From the results obtained, it is expected to provide a true picture of the problem. So the regions are expected to be able to increase competitiveness by taking into account the principles of democracy, equity, justice, privilege, and specificity as well as the potential and diversity of regions in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The affairs of land services are mandatory matters given by law to regional governments. To achieve legal certainty and protection as well as justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people, the government issued Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform. Keywords: agrarian; reform; regional autonomy
PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP: SEBUAH “TRADE-OFF” PADA SISTEM WTO YANG MEMERLUKAN PENYELESAIAN
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana ketentuan WTO memberikan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan, dan bagaimana solusi atas multitafsir aturan-aturan WTO terkait dengan perlindungan lingkungan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan library research, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan penafsiran hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa ketentuan WTO yang mengatur tentang perlindungan lingkungan, khususnya terkait dengan akses pasar. Aturan tersebut adalah: (1) standardisasi internasional, aturan teknis, dan standar teknis; (2) aturan pengecualian Pasal XX GATT 1994; dan (3) eco-label. Namun demikian, dalam implementasi, aturan ini ditafsirkan secara berbeda-beda oleh negara anggota WTO sehingga menyebabkan timbulnya sengketa. Bahkan, bagi negara miskin dan berkembang, aturan-aturan ini dianggap sebagai proteksi terselubung negara maju atas pasar dan produk nasional mereka. Sebagai penyelesaian atas masalah ini, maka diperlukan penafsiran yang bijaksana dari negara anggota WTO dengan berdasarkan pada kemampuan masing-masing negara. Bahkan Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) WTO juga harus memberikan penafsiran yang proporsional dan berkeadilan jika perbedaan penafsiran diantara negara anggota WTO ini kemudian menimbulkan sengketa dan masuk ke lembaga tersebut. Kata kunci: perdagangan internasional; perlindungan lingkungan; world trade organization.
ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine on how the provisions of the WTO provide protection for the environment, and explores elucidations to multiple interpretations of WTO rules on environmental protection. This research constitutes a normative legal research. The data used are secondary data containing primary legal materials, secondary dan tertiary legal ones. The technique of conveying data uses library research, while the technique of data analysis uses legal interpretation. The results of the study denote that many WTO provisions provide environmental protection, specifically related to market access. Those rules are: (1) international standardization, technical rules, and technical standards; (2) General Exception of Article XX of GATT 1994; and (3) eco-labeling. However, in implementation, these rules were opposed differently by WTO member countries so that leading to disputes. Moreover, for least-developed and developing countries, these rules are considered as hidden protection of developed countries for their domestic markets and products. As a solution, a challenging interpretation of the WTO member countries is needed with the capabilities of each country. Even the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of WTO should also provide a proportional and fair interpretation if the multiple interpretation between the WTO member countries then cause a disputes.Keywords: environmental protection; international trade; world trade organization
FUNGSI JAMINAN SEBAGAI BENTUK KELONGGARAN PELAKSANAAN PEMBAYARAN DENDA PELANGGARAN PRAKTEK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT
Get PDFABSTRAKBerdasarkan Pasal 18 Peraturan Komisi No. 2 Tahun 2021 menyatakan KPPU memiliki kewenangan untuk memberikan kelonggaran pembayaran denda dengan dengan kewajiban pelaku usaha untuk menyerahkan jaminan yang cukup antara lain dapat berupa asuransi, jaminan bank, surety bond, jaminan kebendaan, atau jaminan lainnya. Oleh karena itu artikel ini bertujuan menetapkan kualifikasi jaminan yang cukup sehingga dapat dijadikan KPPU dalam memberikan kelonggaran pembayaran denda oleh pelaku usaha dan menentukan jenis jaminan yang paling optimal untuk menjamin pelaksanaan pembayaran denda oleh pelaku usaha sehingga mudah di eksekusi oleh KPPU berdasarkan hukum jaminan. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara yuridis normatif, dengan data sekunder sebagai data utama dengan didukung data primer. Disimpulkan bahwa kualifikasi jaminan yang cukup adalah yang dapat mengcover seluruh kewajiban pelaku usaha termasuk biaya-biaya yang akan dikeluarkan dengan presentase taksasi nilai jaminan dapat ditetapkan lebih dari 100% - 150% dengan memperhatikan adanya penurunan harga jual pada saat dieksekusi dan menurut hukum jaminan yakni surety bond dikarena kriteria yang mencakupnya yaitu pengikatan jaminan yang mudah dan cepat, harga jaminan mudah dinilai dan jaminan stabil, tidak membebankan kewajiban bagi kreditur, mudah di eksekusi dengan model pengeksekusian yang mudah biaya rendah tidak, tidak memerlukan bantuan debitur, dan sesuai dengan pemberian jangka waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh KPPU.Kata kunci: denda; jaminan; persaingan usaha sehat.
ABSTRACTArticle 18 of Perkom No. 2 of 2021 states that KPPU has the authority to provide concessions in the payment of fines with the obligation of business actors to submit sufficient guarantees, including insurance, bank guarantees, and surety bonds, material guarantees, or other guarantees. Therefore, this article aims to determine the qualifications of guarantees that are sufficient so that they can be used by KPPU in providing concessions for payment of fines by business actors and determine the most optimal type of guarantee for the implementation of payment of fines by business actors so KPPU can efficiently execute that based on the law of guarantees. The research method was carried out in a normative juridical manner, with secondary data as the primary data, supported by primary data. Sufficient guarantee qualifications are those that can cover all the obligations of business actors, including costs to be incurred with a percentage of the estimated value of the guarantee that can be set at more than 100%-150% by taking into account the decrease in the selling price at the time of execution and according to the law of guarantee, namely Surety Bond due to the criteria which include easy and fast binding of collateral, the price of the guarantee is easy to assess. The guarantee is stable, does not impose obligations on creditors, is easy to execute with an easy execution model with low costs, does not require debtor assistance, and follows the provision of the required period by KPPU.Keywords: collateral; fair business practice; fin
KEKUATAN MENGIKAT PERJANJIAN UTANG PIUTANG DENGAN JAMINAN HAK ATAS TANAH BERDASARKAN AKTA PENGAKUAN HUTANG NOTARIIL (ANALISIS TERHADAP PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI KUPANG NOMOR: 303/PDT.G/2020/PN.KPG)
Get PDFABSTRAKPerjanjian utang piutang uang termasuk ke dalam jenis perjanjian pinjam-meminjam yang dilakukan debitur kepada kreditur. Perjanjian pinjam-meminjam tersebut ditegaskan lebih lanjut dalam Pasal 1754 KUHPerdata. Dalam artikel ini yang menjadi permasalahan adalah adanya pemberian sertifikat hak milik atas tanah sebagai jaminan dalam perjanjian utang piutang yang diuraikan dalam akta pengakuan hutang notariil yang tidak dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan serta tidak dilakukan pendaftaran hak tanggungan ke kantor pertanahan kota Kupang oleh Notaris/PPAT. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kedudukan akta pengakuan hutang dengan jaminan hak atas tanah berdasarkan sistem hukum jaminan kebendaan di Indonesia serta mengetahui perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur akibat jaminan hak atas tanah yang tidak didaftarkan sesuai prosedur pendaftaran hak Tanggungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normative dengan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kedudukan akta pengakuan hutang dengan jaminan hak atas tanah berdasarkan sistem hukum jaminan kebendaan di Indonesia adalah hanya sebagai pengakuan utang sepihak dan tidak bisa menjadi dasar untuk melakukan penguasaan terhadap tanah sebagai jaminan, dikarenakan memerlukan proses pendaftaran hak tanggungan yang dimuat dalam Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan yang telah didaftarkan pada kantor pertanahan. Sedangkan, perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur atas jaminan hak atas tanah yang tidak didaftarkan adalah dengan menempuh upaya hukum non litigasi dengan cara negoisasi, konsoliasi, konsultasi, mediasi dan arbitrase.Kata kunci: akta pengakuan hutang notariil; jaminan; perlindungan kreditur
ABSTRACTThe debt agreement for money is included in the type of loan agreement made by the debtor to the creditor. The loan agreement is further emphasized in Article 1754 of the Civil Code. In this article, the problem is the granting of land ownership certificates as collateral in the debt agreement described in the notarized debt acknowledgment deed which was not followed by the making of the Mortgage Granting Deed and the registration of mortgage rights not carried out at the Kupang city land office by the Notary/ PPAT. The purpose of this study was to determine the position of the deed of acknowledgement of debt with collateral for land rights based on the legal system for material guarantees in Indonesia and to find out the legal protection for creditors due to guaranteed land rights that are not registered according to the procedure for registration of mortgage rights. The research method used is normative juridical research method and the results of the study show that the position of the deed of acknowledgment of debt with guaranteed land rights based on the legal system of material guarantees in Indonesia is only an acknowledgment of unilateral debt and cannot be the basis for exercising control over land as collateral, because it requires the process of registering mortgage rights contained in the Deed of Granting Mortgage rights that have been registered at the land office. Meanwhile, legal protection for creditors for guaranteeing land rights that are not registered is by taking non-litigation legal remedies by way of negotiation, conciliation, consultation, mediation and arbitration.Keywords: creditor protection; guarantee; notarial debt acknowledgment deed
PERAN NOTARIS DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PEMBIAYAAN BERBASIS KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL BAGI BISNIS INDUSTRI KREATIF DI INDONESIA
Get PDFThe dominance of intellectual assets in creative economy businesses raises the need for specific financing schemes that are able to accommodate these characteristics. Government Regulation Number 24 of 2022 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 24 of 2019 concerning the Creative Economy regulates the Intellectual Property-Based Financing Scheme for the creative industry, however, there are several things that still require follow-up both from a legal and technical perspective. The distribution of funding through Bank and Non-Bank financial institutions cannot be separated from the aspect of collateral binding which is correlated with the implementation of the duties of a Notary. This article analyzes the role of notaries in the implementation of intellectual property-based financing schemes through a normative juridical approach based on regulations related to notary positions, creative economy, banking credit and banking collateral. The results of this study indicate that the role of a notary in the implementation of intellectual property-based financing schemes is very central and covers a wide range of aspects, starting from the due diligence of the guarantor, the validity and legality of Intellectual Property (IP) as credit guarantees and the process of binding KI as collateral and based guarantees. IP that needs to be supported by legal infrastructure, technical guidance and technology infrastructure that supports the implementation of notary duties and positions in IP-based financing schemes in a professional and proportional manner through coordination and synergy with the government and relevant ministries that have responsibilities and authorities related to IP-based financing based on Government Regulation No. 24 of 2022 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the Creative Economy
JUDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN THE LAKE TOBA NATIONAL STRATEGIC TOURISM AREA IN OF FROM PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO.81 OF 2014 CONCERNING SPATIAL PLAN FOR THE LAKE TOBA AREA AND LAW NO.11 OF 2005 CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC,SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
No full textThe ideals of the Indonesian nation as stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution require that the general welfare be realized. To realize these ideals, human rights, in this case economic rights, are one of the indicators used as a basis for implementing a program, decision or regulation. Economic rights are generally described as rights related to the conditions of existence and welfare in terms of owning and utilizing something for their survival. The status of economic rights in the 1945 Constitution and Law No.11 of 2005 places economic rights as rights that must be protected, respected and fulfilled by the state. One of them is in the Tourism sector. Economic Rights play an important role in the creation of a prosperous community life in the area that is the object of Tourism. However, economic rights in reality are often ignored by the government as a consideration in loading policies and regulations, so that in its implementation it creates conflict between the community and the government. The purpose of this research is to find out how the protection and fulfillment of economic rights in the tourism development sector correlates with the level of community welfar
WIRETAPPING ON SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE: QUESTIONING ITS LEGALITY AMIDST LONG STANDING PRACTICE
Get PDFUp to 95% of the communication infrastructures are currently served by the submarine communications cable networks, which in their utilisation connect a wide variety of communications data. The increasingly advanced infrastructure is in fact unable to go hand in hand with legal transformation. At the present time, international law provides only partial protection in form of prevention against damage to the cable networks. Consequently, in the event that data transmissions across the cable networks are illegally exploited by foreign parties through "wiretapping" without inflicting any damage, as long as it is committed in the body of waters outside the state's sovereignty, the international law is unable to explicitly address this situation. The wiretapping has occurred in a couple of instances, however, the proper preventive measures are still in question. Fortunately, the most recent practice of international law in the field of human rights has provided some clarities through case law. Despite the fact that it has only been applied regionally, this endeavour is at the very least capable of supporting future proposed legal reforms. This article will further elaborate on the legality of wiretapping on submarine communications cable networks based on the relevant field of international law, which eventually revealed that such conduct is contrary to cyber law, international law of the sea and human rights law
Re-interpreting the Environmentally Sound Management under Basel Convention
Get PDFOne of the fundamental principles of Basel Convention is the environmentally sound management (ESM), serving as a ‘meta-rule’, which establish the context within which bargaining under the Basel Convention takes place to develop more specific norms, such as rules regarding PIC, partnerships or management and technical guidelines of specific waste streams, regarding the management and transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. Yet, Basel Convention defines the crucial notion of ESM only in general terms, and has been subject to widely different interpretations and extensively criticized. Employing teleological approach which relies on the purpose of the Convention, this study argues that Basel Convention intended to establish a global convention with three principal aims: 1) minimization of hazardous wastes; 2) environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes; and 3) minimizing the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. The central element of these aims was to limit such movements, as opposed to current practices of establishing ESM as the “least standard” for which transboundary movement of hazardous wastes would be allowed. Reinterpretation of ESM is also needed in light of the recent entry into force of Ban Amendment, which introduced ‘high risk’ as an element of consideration when addressing transboundary movements from developed countries to developing countries, which entails the applicability of precautionary principle in ESM interpretation
THE PROSPECT OF INTERPLANETARY MISSION: ARE WE READY?
Get PDFMars exploration missions in the future will be focused on Mars Sample Return (MSR) and humans as space crew in late 2028 or early 2030 by NASA and other non-government entities, such as Space Exploration Technologies (Space X) and Blue Origin. MSR and sending humans to explore Mars raises environmental contamination issues, which are governed in law by Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty 1968 to “avoid harmful contamination.” Though there is no existing international law instrument to address this issue comprehensively, Article IX was not clear to explain harmful contamination. Thus, non-governmental entities involved in future missions to Mars face liability, especially in the case of an accident causing fatalities or adverse environmental impact for the Earth and Mars. This article examines related regulations in corpus iuris spatialis, including soft law and elaborating with astrobiological data to encourage new regulation, ensuring liability and environmental safety on future Mars missions
THE UNITED NATIONS TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL AND THE TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM: JUSTIFICATIONS FOR REVIVAL AND LEGAL OBSTACLES
Get PDFThe Trusteeship Council as a principle organ of the United Nations has its functions to supervise territories in the United Nations Trusteeship system. However, since 1994, the Trusteeship Council had been inactive. This does not heed to its history, where the Council had helped 11 trust territories in gaining independence. Interestingly, a handful of thee territories that had been assisted by the Council had in recent years encountered problems especially in its own governance systems. Those States had lost its capacity to govern itself, not able to withstand internal and external pressures of the modern world. Aside from former trust territorieas, there had been many instances of other States experiencing instability, that could be forwarded as to be included in the job description of the Trusteeship Council. A revival seems to befit the Council, taking into account recent development. Nonetheless, a litany legal and political hurdles must be passed before the Council could rise once again