Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN PERLINDUNGAN KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DITINJAU DARI SUDUT PANDANG GREEN VICTIMOLOGY: LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AND PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF GREEN VICTIMOLOGY
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Dalam perkembangannya, tindak pidana kini tidak hanya berorientasi pada permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan kemanusiaan saja, melainkan juga pada masalah lingkungan hidup. Tindak pidana lingkungan hidup sendiri sudah marak terjadi di Indonesia, beriringan dengan itu, maka banyak pula yang menjadi korbannya, seperti misalnya pada kasus bocornya minyak di Perairan Balikpapan yang mengakibatkan hutan mangrove rusak (Putusan MA Nomor 88/PID-LH/2019/PT.SMR). Penegakan hukum atau perlindungan yang diberikan pada tindak pidana lingkungan hidup di Indonesia sendiri kini masih kurang dalam pengimplementasiannya, dimana seringkali sipil ataupun petinggi negara lainnya menganggap remeh perlindungan korban tindak pidana lingkungan hidup. Maka dari itu, adapun pembahasan pada tulisan ini adalah berkaitan dengan bagaimana upaya penegakan hukum pada kasus tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang terjadi di Indonesia, beserta dengan upaya perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh negara pada korban tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dalam perspektif green victimology sebagai proses sosial dan respon institusional yang berkaitan dengan korban kejahatan lingkungan, dengan juga merujuk pada UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Kata kunci: Green Victimology; Penegakan Hukum; Perlindungan Korban; Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup.
ABSTRACT
In its development, criminal acts are now not only oriented to problems related to humanity, but also to environmental issues. Environmental crimes themselves have been rife in Indonesia, along with that, so many are also victims, such as in the case of oil leaks in Balikpapan Waters which resulted in damaged mangrove forests (MA Decision Number 88 / PID-LH / 2019 / PT. SMR). Law enforcement or protection given to environmental crimes in Indonesia itself is still lacking in its implementation, where often civilians or other state officials underestimate the protection of victims of environmental crimes. Therefore, the discussion in this paper is related to how law enforcement efforts in environmental crime cases that occur in Indonesia, along with legal protection efforts provided by the state to victims of environmental crimes in the perspective of green victimology as a social process and institutional response related to victims of environmental crimes, by also referring to Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.
Keywords: Environmental Crimes; Green Victimology; Law Enforcement; Victim Protection
Peranan Hukum dalam Pembangunan: Studi Ketimpangan Pembangunan Kawasan Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan: The Role of Law in Development: Study of Development Inequality in Southern West Java
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Banyak pihak menilai pembangunan di Pulau Jawa telah menunjukan pembangunan yang merata dan maju. Faktanya tidak seluruh daerah di Pulau Jawa menunjukkan perkembangan yang sama. Kawasan Jawa Selatan relatif tertinggal dibandingkan kawasan Jawa Utara termasuk Provinsi Jawa Barat. Padahal Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan memiliki potensi yang besar, yaitu maritim, sumber daya alam yang melimpah serta potensi pariwisata yang menjanjikan. Dalam tulisan ini setidaknya terdapat dua persoalan pokok yang hendak dijawab. Pertama terkait peranan hukum dalam rangka pembangunan di Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan dan kedua penerapan hukum dalam rangka menjawab persoalan ketimpangan pembangunan di Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis sosiologis dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analisis, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa, pertama, peranan hukum dalam pembangunan adalah untuk memastikan perubahan yang terjadi telaksana secara terarah dan tertib, dalam konteks pembangunan Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan sudah banyak instrumen hukum yang dibuat pemerintah, selanjutnya bagaimana memastikan penerapanya berjalan maksimal. Kedua, penerapan hukum dalam konteks pembangunan di Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan perlu penguatan dari aspek: hukumnya itu sendiri, aparat penegak hukum atau pelaksana hukum, sarana dan prasarana pendukung, partisipasi masyarakat dan memperhatikan aspek budaya termasuk faktor komitmen politik.
Kata Kunci: Hukum, Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan, Kawasan, Ketimpangan, Pembangunan.
The Role of Law in Development:
Study of Development Inequality in Southern West Java
Abstract
Many parties asses that development in the Java Island has shown equitable and advance development. But, not all regions in the Java Island show the same development. The South Java region is relatively lagging behind compared to the North Java region, which includes the West Java Province. Even though Southern West Java has great potential, namely maritime, abundant natural resources, and tourism potential. In this paper, there are at least two main questions to be answered. The first is related to the role of law in the context of development in Southern West Java, second is the application of law in order to solve inequality development problem in Southern West Java. By using the sociological juridical method with descriptive analytical research type, the author conclude that, first, the role of law in development is to ensure that changes that occur are carried out in a directed and orderly manner. In the context of the Southern West Java development many legal instruments have been made by the government, Next, how to make the maximum implementation. Second, the application of the law in the context of development in Southern West Java need to be strengthened concider by important aspect: the law itself, law enforcement officers or law enforces, supporting facilities and infrastructure, community participation, and paying attention to cultural aspects including of political commitment factor.
Keywords: Law, Southern West Java, Region, Inequality, Development.  
PELINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI EMERGENCY CONTACT PADA TRANSAKSI PINJAMAN ONLINE PADA APLIKASI FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY
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Teknologi informasi yang terus berkembang seiring dengan proses globalisasi tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan umat manusia, hal tersebut memunculkan fenomena baru dalam kegiatan transaksi pinjam meminjam yang lebih populer dengan istilah financial technology lending. Pada negara Indonesia, penggunaan layanan financial technology lending semakin populer sehingga membuat para pihak di dalamnya harus mendapat kepastian mengenai pelindungan hukum. Salah satu fokus kajian penulis adalah emergency contact dalam transaksi pinjaman online di berbagai aplikasi financial technology lending. Maka untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, penulis mengkaji pokok permasalahan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dan juga menggunakan pendekatam yuridis normatif. Adapun penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa emergency contact merupakan pihak yang berkedudukan di luar perjanjian perjanjian pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi informasi (online) yang tidak dibebani hak dan kewajiban apapun pada transaksi tersebut. Dengan demikian, emergency contact wajib mendapatkan pelindungan hukum untuk menjamin hak pribadi sebagaimana diatur di dalam UU ITE, Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 20 Tahun 2016, serta POJK Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Mengenai upaya hukum yang dapat diajukan oleh emergency contact apabila hak pribadinya dilanggar, pihak tersebut dapat mengajukan upaya hukum berupa gugatan perdata perbuatan melawan hukum seperti tertuang di dalam Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata.
Kata Kunci: Emergency Contact, Financial Technology Lending, Perlindungan Hukum, Teknologi Informasi.
Abstract
Information technology that continues to develop along with the process of globalization can not be separated from the life of mankind, it gives rise to a new phenomenon in lending transaction activities that are more popular with the term financial technology lending. In Indonesia, the use of financial technology lending services is increasingly popular so the parties in it must get certainty about legal protection. One of the focuses of the author's study is emergency contact in online loan transactions in various financial technology lending applications. So to answer the problem, the author examines the subject matter through qualitative research methods and also uses normative juridical shorts. The study explained that emergency contact is a party-based outside the agreement to borrow money based on information technology (online) that is not burdened with any rights and obligations on the transaction. Thus, emergency contact must get legal protection to guarantee personal rights as stipulated in the ITE Law, Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Informatics No. 20 of 2016, and POJK Number 77 / POJK.01 / 2016 on Information Technology-Based Lending Services. Regarding legal efforts that can be filed by emergency contact if his personal rights are violated, the party can file a legal effort in the form of a civil lawsuit unlawful act as stated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code.
Keywords: Emergency Contact, Financial Technology Lending, , Information Technology, Legal Protection
IS THE AICHR AN UNWANTED HUMAN RIGHTS BODY IN THE ASEAN? THE ANSWER FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThe AICHR is a remarkable achievements of ASEAN after having the ASEAN Charter in 2007. However, since the TOR of AICHR has a serious institutional defect that makes the AICHR unable to protect peoples’ human rights, the AICHR could not be act as a human rights guardian in the region. It leads to the question whether the ASEAN and its member states want the body to be established to protect the people in the region? The answer to this question is important to figure out the future human rights mechanisms in the region. The question will be addressed through qualitative and normative legal research. Field research was conducted to resolve some questions that are not provided in the literature to enrich the understanding on the topic from the ASEAN elites, practioner, and academicians. It finds that The institutional defect and less political support showed that ASEAN and its member states do not want to have a reliable regional human rights mechanism. However, it finds that there was an evolutionary approach that has been conducted by the AICHR despite that situation to promote human rights in the region. The study suggests the AICHR to use strong words of the TOR and the ASEAN Charter to enhance their performance and reliability. A new approach for human rights mechanisms that sets in a formal way; under a legal-binding instrument are more favorable. Therefore, if the AICHR show that characteristic, it will be supported by the ASEAN and its member states
COMPARISON OF PUBLIC POLICY DEFENSES IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA WITH USA AND UK
Get PDFThis article tried to compare the implementation of public policy defenses in the United Kingdom (“UK”) and the United States of America (“USA”). Indonesia has been alleged of being unfriendly to foreign arbitral awards, one of the reason is the implementation of public policy defenses that is interpreted broadly and not restrictively. Even though Indonesia has ratified the New York Convention that supports pro-enforcement bias with Presidential Decree No. 34 of 1981, Indonesia is still far away to be considered a pro-enforcement state compared to the UK and the USA. This article discusses how Indonesia interprets the public policy doctrine from the cases that are provided in this article. The method used in this article was a comparative study, describing the implementation of public policy in the UK and USA. This article concluded that the implementation of public policy in Indonesia is too broad and uncertain, the court can refuse the enforcement of the arbitral awards by only relying on violation of Indonesian laws. Different from the implementation in the UK and USA that established the mere violation of state’s law cannot be considered necessarily as the violation of public policy doctrine. This article is also commenting on how Indonesia modified the implementation of public policy by using the main ground reasons why the arbitral awards were refused by the court
REGULASI TATA RUANG PESISIR MELALUI PENDEKATAN KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP STRATEGIS (KLHS) BAGI PERLINDUNGAN TERUMBU KARANG DI INDONESIA: COASTAL SPATIAL PLANNING REGULATION THROUGH STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR CORAL REEF PROTECTION IN INDONESIA
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Penelitian dilakukan atas permasalahan masih tingginya laju kerusakan fungsi terumbu karang akibat berbagai kegiatan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di ruang pesisir, termasuk di wilayah coral triangle Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi dan menentukan keterkaitan dan kedudukan instrumen kajian lingkungan hidup strategis dalam penyusunan rencana tata ruang guna mewujudkan perlindungan terumbu karang ditinjau dari prinsip kehati-hatian. Metode penulisan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, bersifat deskriptif analitis dan analisis data secara kualitatif. Tahap penulisan dilakukan dengan data sekunder menggunakan bahan hukum dan berbagai data sekunder terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KLHS belum menjadi dasar dalam alokasi ruang-ruang dengan fungsi pemanfaatan di pesisir, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan hukum guna menghasilkan KLHS yang mampu menjawab isu-isu spasial dalam penyusunan regulasi tata ruang pesisir Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Tata Ruang Pesisir; Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS); Perlindungan Terumbu Karang
ABSTRACT
The research was conducted on the problem of the high level of damage to the function of coral reefs in the coral triangle area of Indonesia as a result of various uses of natural resources in coastal areas. The purpose of the research is to identify and determine the interrelationships and legal status of Strategic Environmental Assesment (SEA) in the preparation of spatial plans in order to realize coral reef protection in terms of the precautionary principle. The writing method uses a normative juridical approach, analytical descriptive and qualitative data analysis. The writing stage is carried out with secondary data using legal materials and various related secondary data. The results of the study show that the KLHS has not become the basis for the allocation of spaces with utilization function on the coast, so a legal approach is needed to produce a KLHS that is able to answer spatial issues in the legislation of Indonesian coastal spatial regulations.
Keywords: Coastal Spatial Planning; Strategic Environmental Assesment (SEA); Coral Reef Protectio
RISK-BASED LICENSING AS LICENSING REFORM IN INDONESIA BASED ON GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 5 THE YEAR 2021
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The purpose of this paper is that the author tries to explain the birth of the concept of risk-based licensing (RBA) in Indonesia which is regulated in Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021. The author elaborates on the transformation of the concept of risk-based approach license and its role in replacing the previous licensing concept. The author also analyzes this policy more deeply through the ROCCIPI Method to find weaknesses and provide recommendations. Licensing in Indonesia so far still has many weaknesses, including regulations that are not yet harmonious, the difficulty of licensing bureaucracy, and low investment realization. With this, the government carried out deregulation and debureaucratization to give birth to licensing reform in Indonesia. The government introduced a new licensing concept called the Risk-Based Approach or RBA which changed the licensed-based concept to risk-based. Based on the scope of research, in writing this manuscript, the author uses a normative juridical research method. The conclusion that comes from this paper is that the RBA is a bold step taken by the government, and so far it has had a good impact in terms of accelerating the issuance of permits. On the other hand, there are still many components that need to be maximally improved by the government such as the readiness of the OSS RBA system, readiness of human resources, and also improving the quality of public services so that licensing reform in Indonesia is not just an idea but can be fully realized through this regulation
PERAN NOTARIS DALAM PERJANJIAN PENGELOLAAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL OLEH SWASTA
Get PDFPengelolaan pulau kepada swasta menimbulkan masalah, karena tertutupnya akses publik terhadap pesisir pantai dari pulau tersebut. Hal ini tidak bisa dibiarkan karena pesisir pantai merupakan area publik, sehingga siapa saja berhak menikmati keindahan pantai diseluruh pulau-pulau yang ada Indonesia. Pemerintah tidak lagi memberikan hak milik atas tanah terhadap pulau-pulau kecil, sehingga tidak ada lagi eksklusivitas pemilikan pulau dan siapa saja warga negara Indonesia dapat belabuh di pulau-pulau kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran notaris dalam perjanjian pengelolaan pulau-pulau kecil oleh swasta. Peran Notaris dalam perjanjian pengelolaan pulau oleh swasta adalah dengan membuat akta perjanjian kerjasama antara pemerintah dengan swasta. Akta perjanjian kerjasama penguasaan pulau-pulau kecil dapat dibuat akta autentik di depan notaris. Hal ini bertujuan agar perjanjian yang dibuat lebih mengikat para pihat. Terkait dengan keterjaminan akses publik, maka notaris dapat berperan dalam mencantumkan klausul tersebut dalam perjanjian kerjasama. Notaris dapat membantu untuk mengurus sertipikat hak pakai atau hak guna bangunan atas nama swasta di atas tanah negara.
Kata Kunci: Peran Notaris, Perjanjian Kerjasama, Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Keci
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT & KOMERSIALISASI NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT): PELUANG, TANTANGAN DAN PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM DALAM PRAKTIK
Get PDFArtikel ini menganalisis Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sebagai aset digital serta beberapa masalah hukum yang timbul terkait NFT terutama di bidang hukum kekayaan intelektual diantaranya pelindungan hak cipta serta konstruksi hukum kepemilikan hak cipta atas NFT dan korelasinya dengan pengembangan kekayaan intelektual (intellectual property development) dan komersialisasi NFT. Melalui penelitian deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun di Indonesia belum ada regulasi khusus yang secara eksplisit mengatur Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), hak dari creator karya secara umum dilindungi oleh Undang – Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, namun dari sudut pandang intellectual property development, NFT menghadirkan potensi pengembangan dan komersialisasi karya melalui media digital yang memiliki jangkauan luas serta memberikan peluang monetisasi yang lebih optimal. Terdapat beberapa tantangan misalnya terkait perlindungan hukum, digital theft dan konversi / minting karya tanpa izin dari pencipta / pemegang hak cipta yang asli. Dalam memformulasikan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut, penting untuk dipertimbangkan solusi dari aspek legal maupun aspek teknologi sebagai model perlindungan terhadap kekayaan intelektual dari ancaman pelanggaran yang diakibatkan oleh teknologi pula. Pendekatan teknologi misalnya melalui Technologies Protection Measures (TPM), Anti Copy Devices, Access Controlling Devices / Digital Envelope, Proprietary Viewer, Watermarking / Fingerprinting, Metering Systems maupun Electronic Copyright Management System (ECMS), sedangkan dari aspek legal dapat dilakukan formulasi regulasi pelindungan Hak Cipta dengan pendekatan teknologi seperti halnya Digital Millenium Copyrights Act 1998 (DMCA) yang diterapkan di AS, pendekatan kontraktual antar para pihak yang berkepentingan juga dapat diambil sebagai upaya memberikan pelindungan hukum dan kepastian hukum
PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR REFINERY DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN DI BALIKPAPAN SEBAGAI SARANA KETAHANAN ENERGI DAN REVITALISASI EKONOMI: THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFINERY DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN BALIKPAPAN AS ENERGY SECURITY AND ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION
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Pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan hidup manusia yang kompleks berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan laju konsumsi energi. Di Indonesia, skala penggunaan energi fosil yang tinggi menyebabkan perlu adanya pengoptimalan produktivitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah yuridis normatif yang menghubungkan antara permasalahan dan latar belakang masalah kemudian dianalisis dengan kerangka pemikiran hukum kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan publik berupa Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP) sebagai perwujudan pembangunan infrastruktur pada masa pemerintahan Jokowi. Pembangunan ini terbagi menjadi lima daerah, salah satunya Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Proyek ini memiliki prospek agar Indonesia terbebas dari impor BBM tahun 2026. Dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat kendala di mana kilang itu dibangun tepat di samping unit kilang lama yang masih beroperasi, sehingga berimplikasi pada pembuatannya yang memakan waktu lama. Kendati demikian, pembangunan infrastruktur ini telah sesuai dengan arah kebijakan nasional dan asas-asas umum kebijakan publik, sehingga memberi dampak positif terhadap ketahanan energi dan pendukung revitalisasi ekonomi Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Kebijakan Publik; Pembangunan Infrastuktur; Refinery Development Master Plan
ABSTRACT
The fulfillment of the complex needs of human life is directly proportional to the increase in rate of energy consumption. In Indonesia, the high scale of fossil energy use makes it necessary to optimize productivity. The research method used is normative juridical which connects problems and backgrounds then analyzed with a qualitative legal framework. Based on this research, the Government issued a public policy in the form of the RDMP as a manifestation of infrastructure development. This development is divided into five regions, one of which is Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. This project has prospect that Indonesia will be free from imports of fuel in 2026. There are obstacles so the construction take a long time. Nevertheless, this infrastructure development has been in accordance with the direction of national policies and general principles of public policy, so it has positive impacts on energy security and supports the revitalization of Indonesian economy.
Keywords: Infrastructure Development; Public policy; Refinery Development Master Pla