Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen pada Transaksi Digital Asset Kripto Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
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Dewasa ini perkembangan teknologi terjadi pada semua sektor kehidupan, tidak terkecuali sektor bisnis yang kini mulai didominasi oleh transaksi berbasis digital. Salah satu contohnya adalah transaksi Asset Kripto pada sektor jasa keuangan. Hal itu dibuktikan dengan hasil survei Kementerian Perdagangan RI yang menyatakan bahwa sampai bulan Mei tahun 2021 telah terdapat kenaikan sejumlah 2,5 juta orang yang melakukan transaksi Asset Kripto. Namun, kenaikan tersebut tidak diiringidengan jaminan hukum yang baik terhadap pihak-pihak yang melaksanakan transaksi Asset Kripto. Dalam praktiknya, konsumen pada transaksi Asset Kripto banyak menemukan ancaman seperti permasalahan legalitas perusahaan penyedia Asset Kripto dan penggunaan skema bisnis Multi Level Marketing (MLM). Landasan bagi perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia telah terdapat dalam Undnag-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Dengan adanya hal tersebut, dirasa perlu untuk ditelaah terkait bagaimana aspek perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi Asset Kripto apabila ditinjau dari sudut pandang Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus. Hematnya, pada transaksi Asset Kripto masih banyak potensi dampak negatif bagi konsumen apabila dilihat dari sudut Perlindungan Konsumen, hal ini dikarenakan transaksi tersebut sangat rentan terhadap perilaku-perilaku pelaku usaha yang tidak beritikad baik dalam menjalankan bisnis.
Kata Kunci : Asset Kripto, Konsumen, Pelaku Usaha, Perlindungan Konsumen, Transaksi Digital
Legal Protection for Consumers in Digital Crypto Asset Transactions Judging from Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection
Abstract
Today, technological developments occur in all sectors of life, including the business sector, which is now starting to be dominated by digital-based transactions. One example is Crypto Asset transactions in the financial services sector. This is evidenced by the results of a survey by the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia which stated that until May 2021 there had been an increase of 2.5 million people who made Crypto Asset transactions. However, this increase was not accompanied by good legal guarantees for parties carrying out Crypto Asset transactions. In practice, consumers in Crypto Asset transactions encounter many threats, such as legal issues for companies providing Crypto Assets and the use of Multi Level Marketing business schemes. The basis for consumer protection in Indonesia has been contained in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. With this in mind, it is deemed necessary to examine the aspects of consumer protection in Crypto Asset transactions when viewed from the point of view of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This study uses a normative juridical method with a law approach and a case approach. In short, in Crypto Asset transactions there are still many potential negative impacts for consumers when viewed from the point of view of Consumer Protection, this is because these transactions are very vulnerable to the behavior of business actors who do not have good intentions in running their business.
Keywords: Crypto Assets, Consumers, Business Actors, Consumer Protection, Digital Transactions
 
INDONESIAN LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT OF ULTRAHAZARDOUS RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AT SEA
Get PDFIn 1992, the voyage of the Akatsuki Maru from France to Japan showed the practice in the sea transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials. The voyage route was nearly around one-half of the planet earth and passed through many countries. Although many countries have openly protested, the vessel has continued because the ship has international navigational rights under UNCLOS 1982. This paper attempts to research international regulations concerning the legal regime governing safety in the sea transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials in UNCLOS 1982, MARPOL 73/78, SOLAS 1974, PPNM 1980, SCTW 1978, and Indonesia’s national laws and regulations concerning this matter. This research uses normative approach and analysis descriptive methods that is based on international conventions, Indonesia’s national laws and regulations related to the safety of ultrahazardous radioactive materials shipment. The result of this research shows that the legal regime governing safety in the sea transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials is not yet adequate, because it is partially regulated. However, Indonesia has attempted to harmonize international regulations and Indonesia’s national laws concerning the safety navigation of transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials
POTENTIAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSBOUNDARY HARM CAUSED BY GENETIC MODIFIED ORGANISM AS MECHANISM FOR BIOREMEDIATION: A CASE STUDY IN CORAL TRIANGLE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
Get PDFBiotechnology was introduced to the world of industries in the early 2000s. Its profound impact has continued shaping the mechanism of environmental clean-up. The development of biotechnology has received a wide variety of attention. Hence, bioremediation becomes integral to the notion of sustainability for environment quality. Especially, within oil & gas sector the damage can be substantial towards the environment longevity. Specifically, one of the most monumental in terms of potential harm is offshore oil & gas operations. On the other hand, the sophistication within oil & gas sector has become a rapid development over the last few years. It’s based on fact the oil & gas ought to be drilled deeper within the ocean floor. As the depth of drilling increase, so does the complexity of the oil composition. With this, regular bioremediation mechanism might not be able to handle the structural chemical complexity. Thus, a genetic modification appeared as the most efficient effort to reduce environmental damage and strike out the oil chemical complexity. However, it’s easier said than done. This because ethically, the modification potentially could harm the natural environment. Not just nationally but also transboundary. Therefore, the issue also discusses a new area of multidisciplinary approach where expected law meets an unprecedented amount of scientific efficiency.
 
KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI KEUANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 9 TAHUN 2017
Get PDFABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan dalam pembayaran pajak adalah kesadaran wajib pajak akan pentingnya manfaat dari pajak. Hal tersebut menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan pembayaran pajak, masih banyak masyarakat yang sengaja atau tidak mau membayar pajak, sehingga perlu dilakukan pembaharuan kebijakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, Tulisan ini menelaah aspek yuridis mengenai pengaturan pertukaran informasi dalam rangka peningkatan penerimaan pajak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan gambaran dan pandangan dalam implementasi keterbukaan informasi keuangan dalam rangka meningkatkan penerimaan pajak.Kata kunci: keterbukaan informasi; pajak; lembaga keuangan
ABSTRACTOne of the problems in paying taxes is the taxpayer's awareness of the benefits of taxes. This causes problems in the implementation of tax payments, there are still many people who deliberately or do not want to pay taxes, so it is necessary to update policies to overcome these problems. This paper examines the juridical aspects of information management in the context of tax revenue. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analytical specifications. The purpose of this research is to produce a description and views on the implementation of financial information disclosure in the context of tax revenue.Keywords: information disclosure; taxes; financial institution
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURROGACY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND INDIA
Get PDFAs a form of assisted reproduction methods, surrogacy remains controversial today. The practice of using surrogates has been around for very long time and serves a wide variety of functions in countries all over the world. The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether or not surrogacy is permissible under the laws that have been enacted and are in effect in Indonesia to govern the processes involved in surrogacy. This research also intends to determine whether or not surrogacy is allowed in India and analyze the legislative framework of that country in comparison to that of Indonesia. The type of research is normative legal research which relies on secondary data, in the form of legal material especially primary and secondary legal materials. This normative legal research employs both statutory and comparative approaches. Comparison is made between Indonesia and India. It is found that India has legalized the practice of surrogacy since long time ago. In addition, surrogacy in India does not only serve the reproductive purpose but also commercial purpose. On the other side, although the practices of surrogacy are also found in Indonesia, however, it remains illegal so far in this country
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen atas Penyalahgunaan Data Pribadi Pada Aplikasi Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending Ilegal di Indonesia
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Maraknya penggunaan peer-to-peer lending berbasis Fintech Illegal di Indonesia menimbulkan banyak pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen. Pada kenyataannya masih banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan peer-to-peer lending berbasis fintech illegal. Fintech illegal memiliki kemampuan dalam mempromosikan nama mereka dengan iming-iming pinjaman suku bunga rendah, pinjaman 1 jam cair, dan lainnya. Di sisi lain, Fintech ilegal seringkali juga melakukan penagihan dengan cara yang kasar hingga penyalahgunaan data pribadi yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara fintech illegal tersebut. Penyalahgunaan data pribadi acap kali terjadi apabila konsumen tidak mampu membayar tagihan sehingga data konsumen disebarluaskan dengan maksud untuk menimbulkan itikad membayar konsumen serta seringkali mendapatkan ancaman-ancaman melalui whatsapp, sms, dan telepon. Dengan demikian, bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap data pribadi yang disalahgunakan berbasis fintech illegal di Indonesia? Bagaimana regulasi-regulasi yang mengatur mengenai perlindungan data pribadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menganalisa latar belakang dan permasalahan tersebut, dihubungkan dengan kerangka pemikiran hukum kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, masih ditemukannya ketidakefektifan regulasi dengan masalah tersebut sehingga perlu adanya upaya perlindungan hukum yang jelas bagi konsumen atas penyalahgunaan data pribadi berbasis fintech.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Data Pribadi, Financial Technology, Peer to Peer Lending, Data Pribadi, Konsumen
Abstract
The widespread use of illegal Fintech-based peer-to-peer lending in Indonesia has led to many violations of consumer protection. In fact, there are still many people who use illegal fintech-based P2P lending. Illegal Fintech services have the ability to promote their name with the lure of low-interest loans, loans that are disbursed in 1 hour, and etc. On the other hand, illegal Fintech providers often also collects in a rude way, even to the point of misuse of personal data by the illegal fintech service providers. Misuse of personal data often occurs when consumers are unable to pay bills so that consumers data are disseminated with the intention to make consumers pay and often receive threats via WhatsApp, SMS, and phone calls. Therefore, what is the form of legal protection for consumers against misused personal data based on illegal fintech in Indonesia? How are the regulations governing the protection of personal data. This study uses a normative juridical method by analysing the background and problems, associated with a qualitative legal framework. Based on this research, regulations are still found to be ineffective with this problem so that there is a need for clear legal protection efforts for consumers for the misuse of fintech-based personal data.
Keywords: Personal Data Protection, Financial Technology, Peer to Peer Lending, Personal Data, Consume
KESIAPAN PERBANKAN MENUJU TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH)
Get PDFABSTRAK Pada sektor jasa keuangan khususnya perbankan, akselerasi transformasi digital diharapkan menjadi alternatif pasca pandemi Covid-19 untuk mendorong perbaikan kinerja, pecepatan akses keuangan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Dalam perkembangannya, saat ini interaksi dan transaksi keuangan sangat mengandalkan teknologi, sebagaimana produk-produk berbasis teknologi digital seperti e-money, e-wallet, internet banking dan mobile banking. Selain itu, semakin bermunculannya perusahaan berbasis aplikasi (e-commerce), seperti perusahaan Tokopedia dan Gojek menyediakan fitur-fitur yang memungkinkan terjadinya layanan yang lebih cepat, lebih baik dan lebih murah (cheaper-better-faster) membuat perbankan dan perusahaan fincancial technology (fintech) perlu mulai adaptif terhadap percepatan perubahan ke arah digital. Namun demikian, proses transformasi digital juga perlu didukung dengan mitigasi risiko yang memadai dan memerlukan dukungan kebijakan, serta peran pengawasan aktif dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Bank Indonesia (BI) selaku regulator, sehingga proses transformasi digital dari perijinan, kerjasama business to business sampai dengan pengawasan atas mitigasi risiko yang diterapkan lembaga jasa keuangan mampu mengawal proses transformasi digital secara aman tanpa mengesampingkan aspek prudensial. Kata kunci: Covid-19; fintech; transformasi digital
ABSTRACT In the financial services sector, especially banking, the acceleration of digital transformation is expected to be an alternative after the Covid-19 pandemic to encourage improved performance, accelerated access to finance and national economic growth. In its development, currently financial interactions and transactions rely heavily on technology, as are digital technology-based products such as e-money, e-wallet, internet banking and mobile banking. In addition, the emergence of application-based companies (e-commerce), such as Tokopedia and Gojek companies providing features that enable faster, better and cheaper services (cheaper-better-faster) make banking and fintech companies need to start adaptive to the acceleration of change towards digital. However, the digital transformation process also needs to be supported by adequate risk mitigation and requires policy support, as well as an active supervisory role from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) as regulators, so that the digital transformation process from licensing, business to business cooperation to the supervision of risk mitigation implemented by financial service institutions that are able to safely oversee the digital transformation process without compromising prudential aspects.Keywords: Covid-19; fintech; digital transformation
KEDUDUKAN KREDITUR SEPARATIS TERKAIT JAMINAN HAK TANGGUNGAN YANG MASUK DALAM BOEDEL PAILIT DEBITUR
Get PDFABSTRAKTumpang tindihnya ketentuan Pasal 56 dan Pasal 59 UU Kepailitan dan PKPU dengan Pasal 21 Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan menimbulkan rasa tidak aman bagi kreditor separatis pemegang hak tanggungan dan mempertanyakan mekanisme mana yang menjamin kewenangannya dalam penerapan hukum dalam asas kepastian hukum apabila debitor pailit dan dipailitkan seperti yang tertuang dalam sertifikat hak tanggungan yang mengikat debitor dan kreditor. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka penulis mengidentifikasikan masalah bagaimanakah bentuk pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan hak tanggungan yang dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum kreditor separatis?. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah spesifikasi penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Metode pendekatan menggunakan yuridis normatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumen. Metode analisis data adalah normatif kualitatif. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah bentuk pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan hak tanggungan yang dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum kreditor separatis adalah dengan mendasarkan pada Pasal 21 UUHT menyatakan meskipun pemberi hak tanggungan dinyatakan pailit, kreditor pemegang hak tanggungan tetap dapat memperoleh haknya. Hal tersebut jelas menunjukan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor pemegang hak tanggungan. Namun, Pasal 56 ayat (1) dan Pasal 59 ayat (2) UU Kepailitan dan PKPU telah mengabaikan berlakunya hak separatis dari kreditor pemegang hak Tanggungan, serta kreditor sebagai pemegang hak Tanggungan telah kehilangan kedudukan sebagai kreditor preferen. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan Eksekusi Jaminan Hak Tanggungan yang memperhatikan kreditor separatis hanya dapat terwujud ketika adanya sinkronisasi kedua undang-undang tersebut. Kata kunci: kedudukan hukum; kreditor separatis; hak tanggungan
ABSTRACTThe overlapping of the provisions of Article 56 and Article 59 of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU with Article 21 of the Mortgage Law creates a feeling of insecurity for separatist creditors holding mortgages and questions which mechanism guarantees their authority in applying the law on the principle of legal certainty if the debtor is bankrupt and is bankrupt such as contained in the mortgage certificate that binds the debtor and creditor. Based on this background, the authors identify problems regarding legal consequences and legal remedies that can be taken by creditors holding mortgage rights for the inclusion of dependent objects in the Bankruptcy Boedel. The research method used is the research specification using analytical descriptive. The approach method uses normative juridical. The data collection technique that will be used in this research is document study. The data analysis method is normative qualitative. The conclusion obtained from the research carried out is that the form of execution of mortgage guarantees that can provide legal protection for separatist creditors is based on Article 21 of the UUHT which states that even though the mortgage provider is declared bankrupt, the creditor holding the mortgage can still obtain his rights. This clearly shows legal protection for creditors holding mortgage rights. However, Article 56 paragraph (1) and Article 59 paragraph (2) of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU have ignored the enactment of the separatist rights of the creditor holding the Mortgage, and the creditor as the holder of the Mortgage has lost his position as the preferred creditor. Therefore, the execution of Mortgage Guarantees that pays attention to separatist creditors can only be realized when there is a synchronization of the two laws.Keywords: legal position; separatist creditors; mortgage right
ISU-ISU KONTEMPORER MENGENAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI LAUT: KEADILAN LAUT (OCEAN EQUITY) DAN KAPAL LAUT NIRAWAK (MARITIME AUTONOMOUS SURFACE SHIP)
Get PDFABSTRAKPengelolaan sumber daya dan aktivitas di laut memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan dimensi hak asasi manusia (HAM), mulai dari hal keselamatan pelayaran, larangan perbudakan dan penyelundupan manusia, hingga pelindungan hak-hak nelayan. Saat ini terdapat beberapa isu kontemporer terkait HAM di laut yang terkait dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan dan perkembangan teknologi, yaitu keadilan laut (ocean equity) dan kapal laut nirawak (maritime autonomous surface ship/ MASS). Artikel ini membahas aspek-aspek hukum terkait dengan keadilan laut dan kapal laut nirawak dalam perspektif pelindungan dan pemenuhan HAM di laut. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah diperlukan adanya pembaruan paradigma dalam menerapkan hukum internasional di bidang hukum laut dan HAM seiring dengan berkembangnya permasalahan terkait pembangunan berkelanjutan dan perkembangan teknologi.Kata kunci: hak asasi manusia; keadilan laut; kapal laut nirawak.
ABSTRACT There is a strong relationship between the management of marine resources and other human activities at sea with human rights, from the safety and security of navigation, abolition of slavery, eradication of human trafficking, to the protection of fishers rights. Currently, there are contemporary issues related to human rights at sea, namely ocean equity and the development of maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS). This article discusses legal aspects related to ocean equity and MASS within the perspective of the protection and fulfilment of human rights. This article concludes that a shift of paradigm is essential in the implementation of international instruments in the fields of the law of the sea and human rights, taking into account the development of issues related to sustainable development and the advancement of technology.Keywords: human rights; maritime autonomous surface ship; ocean equity
PROGRAM PERUMAHAN RAKYAT UNTUK MASYARAKAT BERPENGHASILAN RENDAH MELALUI FASILITAS LIKUIDITAS PEMBIAYAAN PERUMAHAN YANG TIDAK LAYAK HUNI
Get PDFABSTRAKRumah sebagai salah satu kebutuhan utama manusia merupakan cerminan kesejahteraan dan kemampuan seseorang dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Saat ini yang menjadi isu utama dalam permasalahan perumahan di Indonesia adalah isu backlog dalam skala nasional. Cita-cita pemerintah Indonesia untuk menghadirkan hunian layak huni yang terjangkau oleh MBR dalam prakteknya belum dapat diwujudkan seutuhnya. Perumahan bersubsidi yang diperuntukkan bagi MBR tersebut masih banyak yang tidak memenuhi standar layak huni jika dibandingkan dengan aturan tertulis. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurang ketatnya pengawasan dari pemerintah dan lemahnya komitmen pengembang perumahan untuk memenuhi hak MBR mendapatkan perumahan yang layak, aman, dan nyaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, menganalisis, dan mengkaji implementasi standar perumahan rakyat yang layak huni serta perlindungan hukum bagi MBR selaku pembeli perumahan bersubsidi. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Yuridis normatif adalah menekankan penelitian pada data kepustakaan atau data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen dan wawancara terhadap narasumber yang terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perumahan bersubsidi yang menjadi objek penelitian tidak memenuhi standar layak huni karena tidak terpenuhinya prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas umum sebagai aspek yang disyaratkan oleh peraturan terkait. Pengembang perumahan harus melengkapi fasilitas yang belum terpenuhi untuk memenuhi hak MBR dalam mendapatkan rumah subsidi yang layak huni.Kata kunci: pembiayaan perumahan; rumah subsidi; rumah layak huni.
ABSTRACTHouse as one of the main human needs is a reflection of one's welfare and abilities in social life. Currently, the main issue in housing in Indonesia is the backlog issue on a national scale. The government's aspiration to provide affordable housing for low-income people in practice has yet to be fully realized. There are still many subsidized housing for the MBR that did not met decent standards when compared to the written rules, due to lack of supervision from the government and the weak commitment of housing developers to fulfill the rights of low-income families to obtain decent, safe, and comfortable housing. The purpose of this research is to finding, analyzing, and examining the implementation of decent housing standards and legal protection for low-income households as a buyer of subsidized housing. This research was structured using a normative juridical approach. Normative juridical is research on library data or secondary data. Data collection techniques through document studies and interviews with relevant sources. From this research it can be obtained that the subsidized housing which is the object of research does not met livable standards because of the failure to fulfill the infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities as aspects required by related regulations. The developer must complete the facilities that have not been build to fulfill the right of MBR in obtaining decent subsidized housing.Keywords: housing finance; housing standart; subsidized housing