Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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Urgensi Realisasi Peran Data Protection Officer (DPO) pada Sektor Kesehatan Ditinjau dari Hukum Pelindungan Data Pribadi
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Layanan kesehatan berbasis digital menjadi salah satu inovasi dalam perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini yang semakin dilirik dan menjadi perhatian masyarakat sejak pandemi covid-19 menerpa. Dalam proses penggunaan layanan kesehatan berbasis digital ini membutuhkan data pribadi penggunanya, yang mana hal tersebut merupakan suatu hal yang sensitif dan berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan hukum sehingga diperlukan pengaturan terkait pelindungan data pribadi. Indonesia telah mengatur ketentuan pelindungan data pribadi pada sektor kesehatan melalui berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Namun, pada implementasinya, jaminan atas pelindungan data pribadi pada sektor kesehatan secara digital ini tidaklah terwujud. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan terjadinya kasus kebocoran data pribadi peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, perlu adanya pengaturan dan pengawasan yang ketat dalam instansi kesehatan, khususnya pada sektor digital. Realisasi peran Data Protection Officer di instansi layanan kesehatan menjadi jawaban terhadap permasalahan tersebut yang harus diwujudkan sebagai pelindungan data pribadi secara digital di sektor kesehatan.
Kata Kunci: Data Pribadi, Data Protection Officer, Data Digital, Kebocoran Data, Sektor Kesehatan Publik
Abstract
Digital-based health services are one of the innovations in the development of information technology, which are increasingly being looked at and have become the attention of the public since the COVID-19 pandemic hit. In the process of using digital-based health services, it requires users' personal data, which is a sensitive matter and has the potential to cause legal problems, hence arrangements are needed regarding the protection of personal data. Indonesia has regulated the provisions for the protection of personal data in the health sector through various laws and regulations. However, in its implementation, the guarantee for the protection of personal data in the digital health sector has not been materialized. This can be seen in the case of the personal data leakage of participants from the Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) for Health. In this study, the authors use a normative juridical legal research method. Based on the results obtained, it is necessary to have strict regulation and supervision in health agencies, especially in the digital sector. The realization of the role of Data Protection Officer in health service agencies is the answer to these problems which must be realized as digital protection of personal data in the health sector.
Keywords: Personal Data, Data Protection Officer, Digital Service, Digital Data, Data Breach, Public Health Sector
THE CASE OF MOHAMMED AISHA: THE EFFORTS IN PROTECTING SEAFARERS AGAINST ABANDONMENT
Get PDFThe abandonment case of Mohammed Aisha is a case that occurred in 2017, where the ship MV Aman was detained in the Egyptian port of Adabiya and caused a situation where Mohammed Aisha was trapped on the ship due to the failure of the shipowners. This then led to the case of the abandonment of seafarers. In this case, MLC 2006 is the instrument that covers regulation towards abandonment and seafarers' rights. This study was made to provide a broader and more detailed perspective related to cases of abandonment and MLC 2006. The goal of this research is to clarify matters that are unclear related to the regulation that is mentioned in MLC 2006, such as the vague regulation of who is in charge between flag states, port states, and nationals of seafarers in the case of the abandonment of seafarers in both theory and practice. Apart from clarifying the unclear matters of who is in charge of the three states mentioned previously, this research will elaborate even further regarding the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) role in advocating the repatriation of the abandoned seafarers. This research revealed that the 2006 MLC has not been very effective in protecting the rights of seafarers and that the obligation for repatriation lies within the flag state; however, in its practice, when a flag state fails to carry its obligation, then the port state and the origin country of the seafarers with the help from ITF shall take that roll
Re-examining Indonesia’s Nickel Export Ban: Does it Violate the Prohibition to Quantitative Restriction?
Get PDFThe fundamental principles adopted by the WTO are free trade and trade liberalization, realized through the reduction of trade barriers like quantitative restrictions. This paper examines the parameters of a measure that can be construed as a quantitative restriction in violation of WTO law. It also examines whether Indonesia’s measures in prohibiting the export of nickel ores and imposing domestic processing requirements violate WTO law. The statutory and case study approaches were used to determine and analyze Indonesia’s measures. The parameter for quantitative restriction is imposed in Article XI: I of the GATT 1994. The parameter warrants that a measure shall be in the form of prohibitions or restrictions apart from duties, taxes, or charges. The measure must also be enacted through quotas, import or export licenses, or other measures such as import or export prohibitions. Finally, the nature of the measure must be limited in amounts. However, a measure that fulfills such parameters may not violate WTO law if it is justified under exclusionary articles under the GATT 1994. The paper concludes that Indonesia’s measures above constitute quantitative restrictions, as they fulfill the parameters above. However, there is a possibility that the measures may not violate WTO law. This is because the measures also fulfil the parameters of justifications under Article XX (g) of the GATT 1994 on general exceptions and to a lesser extent under Article XI: (2)(a) of the GATT 1994 on the exception to quantitative restrictions
Indonesia’s Approach to International Treaties: Balancing National Interests and International Obligations
Get PDFThe relation and interaction between international and domestic law is one of the classic issues in international and it controversy remains in the realm of theory and practice. This is an issue of which many generations of both international and constitutional lawyers have wrestled, are wrestling and will continue to wrestle. For the Indonesian context, this issue is also still far from clear. The Indonesian Constitution of 1945 stipulates that the President of the Republic of Indonesia has the authority to conclude treaties with other countries. However, it does not clearly and specifically govern the status and position of international treaties under the Constitution. As a result, the Indonesian approach to international treaty is rather pragmatic, which is susceptible to some inconsistencies. It can be seen for instance in several decisions of the Indonesian Constitutional Court that clearly demonstrates the ambiguity towards international treaty. The Indonesian Parliament (DPR) argues that Indonesia should put emphasize to the national interests when Indonesia concluded international treaties. For a certain extent this approach is vulnerable to disregard international obligations in the name of national interests. There are some legislation for instance in the field of trade, which contains national interests clause that potentially will put Indonesia as the party that disregards its international obligations. This paper argues that national interests and international obligations are mutually inclusive, and not mutually exclusive element. To this end, international treaties should have a clear status and position under the Indonesian constitution to ensure that national interest and international obligation are working in harmony
KEBIJAKAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 BAGI MASYARAKAT INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI TEORI UTILITARIANSME
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Pemberian Vaksin COVID-19 merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk memulihkan keadaan negara yang terserang pandemi COVID-19. Sayangnya, upaya pemberian vaksin masih menimbulkan pro kontra. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah dalam memulihkan keadaan negara yang sedang terdampak pandemi COVID-19, apakah telah dapat memberikan kebahagiaan serta kemanfaatan kepada masyarakat Indonesia yang dikaji melalui teori utilitarianisme. Penelitian ini berjenis yuridis normatif dengan sifat deskriptif analisis. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konsep. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kebijakan pemberian vaksin COVID-19 yang dituangkan melalui Peraturan Pemerintah (PP), Peraturan Presiden (Perpres), Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) dan Surat Edaran (SE) telah seutuhnya memberikan manfaat dan kebahagiaan kepada masyarakat sesuai prinsip utilitarian. Utilitarian merupakan teori moral normatif yang menentukan jika kebaikan merupakan perbuatan yang memaksimalkan kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan bagi semua individu yang terdampak. Adanya polemik dan persitiwa yang timbul akibat pemberian vaksin bukan menjadi sebuah alasan yang menggagalkan pemerintah dalam usaha memberikan kebahagiaan dan kesejateraan. Karena pada prinsipnya, menurut utilitarian bahwa kebahagiaan serta kesejahteraan dengan jumlah besarlah yang menentukan tindakan atau kebijakan tersebut berhasil atau tidak.
Kata kunci: covid-19; utilitarinsime; vaksin.
ABSTRACT
The provision of the COVID-19 vaccine is the government's effort to restore the state of the country affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, efforts to give vaccines still cause pros and cons. This study will explain how the government's policy in restoring the state of the country that is being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, whether it has been able to provide happiness and benefit to the Indonesian people, is studied through the theory of utilitarianism. This research is a normative juridical type with descriptive analysis. The approach used is the legal approach and the concept approach. The results of the study stated that the policy for administering the COVID-19 vaccine as outlined in Government Regulations (PP), Presidential Regulations (Perpres), Minister of Health Regulations (Permenkes) and Circulars (SE) had fully provided benefits and happiness to the community according to utilitarian principles. Utilitarianism is a normative moral theory that determines if goodness is an act that maximizes the welfare and happiness of all affected individuals. The existence of polemics and events arising from the administration of vaccines is not a reason to fail the government in its efforts to provide happiness and welfare. Because in principle, according to utilitarians, it is happiness and welfare in large numbers that determine whether the action or policy is successful or not. Keywords: covid-19; utilitariansm; vaccine
MEASURING THE URGENCY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION INSTITUTION IN THE PURSUIT OF STRUCTURING LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe absence of a special agency that centrally and specifically regulates and manages government affairs within the area of establishing laws and regulations, just as the legislative body of the House of Representatives (“DPR”) is the main focus of the author to conduct a research. Through the writing of conceptual critical ideas with a normative juridical approach, it is discovered that there are several opportunities for the establishment of a government national legislative body. First, it is by the adoption of the omnibus law in the establishment of laws and regulations through Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. Second, the government is not yet has a specific institution that centrally and specifically regulates and manages government affairs within the area of establishing laws and regulations just as the legislative body of DPR. In fact, there is an urgency to establish a national government legislative body. First, as long as the establishment of laws and regulations remained spread throughout the Ministries/Institutions, and the coordination function or harmonization is performed at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the State Secretariat/Cabinet Secretariat, the process is not as simple as if it is in one solid institution integrated mastery of design materials whose substance is in across sectors. Second, it is the mandate of Law Number 15 of 2019 on Amendments to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation. Third, it is the post Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 with respect to Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. In order to revise the Job Creation Law in conformity with the two-year deadline, the government could immediately establish a National Legislative Institution to be in charge of organizing, synchronizing, and tidying up all laws and regulations from the central to the regions levels. Fourth, it is the post decisions of the Constitutional Court Number 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and Number 56/PUU-XIV/2016 as the central government is no longer authorized to revoke Regional Regulations, indicates the importance of building synergy between the central government and regional governments in managing laws and regulations at the provincial level and districts/cities
Ketidakoptimalan Peran Pemerintah dalam Menegakkan Kebijakan Terkait Penanggulangan Sampah Kiriman yang Tidak Terkendali di Indonesia
Get PDFAbstrakDari tahun ke tahun sampah merupakan permasalahan utama bagi semua negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan riset, sampah yang timbul kebanyakan berasal dari kegiatan manusia sehari-hari. Begitu pula dengan sampah kiriman yang tiap tahun menjadi permasalahan utama di Indonesia. Ketidaktegasan kebijakan pemerintah menjadi permasalahan utama pula dalam upaya penanggulangan sampah kiriman itu sendiri yang terjadi tiap tahunnya. Tujuan penelitian ini diadakan sebagai bentuk evaluasi terhadap kebijakan pemerintah tentang penanganan sampah kiriman di setiap daerah Indonesia yang terkena dampak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan sumber-sumber kepustakaan yang terhimpun dalam data sekunder. Hasil penelitian yang akan dicapai yaitu mengulas ketidakoptimalan pemerintah dalam menegakkan kebijakan terkait penanggulangan sampah kiriman yang tidak terkendali di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Indonesia, Kebijakan, Pemerintah, Sampah Kiriman.
AbstractFrom year to year, waste is a major problem for all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Based on the research, most of the waste that arises came from daily human activities. Likewise, waste shipment is a major problem in Indonesia every year. The indecisiveness of government policies is also a major problem in the effort to overcome the waste shipment itself which occurs every year. The purpose of this study is a form of evaluation of government policies regarding the handling of shipments in each affected area of Indonesia. This research was conducted using normative juridical methods and library sources collected in secondary data. The data collection method was using the qualitative methods, with document studies as its data collection instruments. The results that will be achieved in this research is to review the government's ineffectiveness in enforcing policies related to handling uncontrollable waste shipment in Indonesia.
Keywords : Indonesia, Policies, Government, Waste Shipment
MENYOAL ASPEK PEMIDANAAN PADA KLUSTER LINGKUNGAN DI UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA TERHADAP ARAH PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN: QUESTIONING THE SENTENCING ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLUSTER IN THE JOB CREATION LAW ON THE DIRECTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja menimbulkan pelbagai problematika, khususnya terkait pemidanaan perbuatan pada kluster lingkungan. Hal ini berimplikasi pada potensi tidak tercapainya pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagaimana telah dicanangkan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 59 Tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah dan dampak pemidanaan pada kluster lingkungan di UU Cipta Kerja terhadap arah pembangunan berkelanjutan, disebabkan belum optimalnya penegakan hukum pidana lingkungan, pemidanaan yang tumpang tindih, ancaman hukuman tidak proporsional, pengaburan norma pertanggungjawaban mutlak, dan pereduksian pidana korporasi. Hal itu berpotensi menurunkan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, karena tidak timbulnya efek jera terpidana pidana lingkungan maupun masyarakat umum dan menurunkan kepatuhan pelaku usaha. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan upaya penguatan arah pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam pemidanaan tersebut, diantaranya dengan optimalisasi penegakan hukum pidana lingkungan, revisi UU Cipta Kerja dengan mengubah maupun menghapus pasal bermasalah, serta penguatan pengawasan lingkungan hidup. Dengan demikian, upaya pemidanaan dapat berimplikasi signifikan pada upaya perlindungan lingkungan dan tercapainya pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Pemidanaan; Kluster Lingkungan; UU Cipta Kerja; Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.
ABSTRACT
The enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation has caused various problems, especially related to criminal acts in environmental clusters. This has implications for the potential for not achieving sustainable development as proclaimed in Presidential Regulation Nomor 59 of 2017. The results of this study indicate that the problem and impact of punishment on environmental clusters in the Job Creation Act on the direction of sustainable development, is due to the non-optimal enforcement of environmental criminal law, overlapping penalties, disproportionate punishment threats, blurring of absolute liability norms, and reduction corporate crime. This has the potential to reduce environmental protection and management, because there is no deterrent effect on environmental criminals and the general public and reduces the compliance of business actors. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to strengthen the direction of sustainable development in the punishment, including by optimizing environmental criminal law enforcement, revising the Job Creation Law by changing or removing problematic articles, as well as strengthening environmental supervision. Thus, efforts to punish can have significant implications for environmental protection efforts and the achievement of sustainable development in Indonesia.
Keywords: Criminalization; Environmental Clusters; Job Creation Law; Sustainable Development
IMPLEMENTASI PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP OLEH KORPORASI (STUDI TENTANG PENCEMARAN DAN PERUSAKAN YANG TERJADI DI SUNGAI CITARUM)
Get PDFABSTRAKGagasan untuk mempidanakan korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup melalui kebijakan pidana semakin menguat. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup telah mengakomodir korporasi” sebagai salah satu subjek hukum yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. Namun pada prakteknya ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam mengimplementasikan penegakan hukum bagi korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana. Seperti belum adanya korporasi yang dijatuhi sanksi pidana dalam kasus pencemaran di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum. “Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengkaji permasalahan tentang implementasi pertanggungjawaban pidana lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh korporasi menurut hukum di Indonesia, dan upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh korporasi. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Terkait implementasi penegakan hukum terhadap korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana pencemaran di DAS Citarum, pertanggungjawaban pidananya dapat dibebankan kepada korporasi berupa sanksi pidana denda, dan terhadap para pemimpin atau pengurus korporasi dapat dijatuhi sanksi pidana badan. Dalam rangka optimalisasi penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh korporasi di DAS Citarum dapat menggunakan melalui dua mekanisme pertama, melalui mekanisme penal (pemidanaan), dan kedua melalui mekanisme integratif, yaitu mengkombinasikan mekanisme non penal dan penal.” Kata kunci: pertanggungjawaban pidana; korporasi; das citarum
ABSTRACTThe idea of criminalizing corporations as the actors of environmental criminal act, through criminal policies was getting stronger. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management Environment has accommodated the corporation as the subject of criminal liability. But in practice there are some obstacles faced in implementing law enforcement for corporations as the criminal acts. Like there are no sanctions for the corporations who was damaging Citarum River Region (DAS Citarum). This research focused to analysis the problem of implementation environmental criminal responsibility conducted by corporation according to law in Indonesia, and efforts to overcome environmental criminal act conducted by corporations. In this research used normative juridical as the method research. The implementation of law enforcement conducted by corporations who was damaging the Citarum River Region (DAS Citarum), criminal liability can be imposed to the corporations formed of penal sanctions, and for corporate leaders can be imposed jail criminal sanctions. In order to optimize the handling of environmental crimes committed by corporations in the Citarum Watershed, these are two mechanisms can be used, through a penal mechanism (punishment), and secondly through an integrative mechanism, non-penal and penal mechanisms.Keywords: criminal responsibility; corporate; citarum river region
INDUSTRIAL RELATION PROBLEMATICS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDIATION AS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS
Get PDFThe failure to produce a peace agreement as an implementation of the bipartite process open up opportunity for the parties to resolve their disputes by the tripartite stage. At this stage, although the parties are given the opportunity to choose the settlement model used either through arbitration, conciliation or mediation, in general, the parties have a tendency to choose the settlement model through mediation facilitated by the Manpower Office based on process efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the characteristics of industrial relations disputes that occur in the tourism sector during the Covid-19 pandemic, to identify and find out the obstacles that occur in the implementation of industrial relations dispute mediation in the tourism sector during the Covid-19 pandemic, to measure and analyze how effective mediation is in resolving industrial relations disputes in the tourism sector during the Covid-19 pandemic besides to find and formulate efforts that can be made to strengthen the position of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution in industrial relations. The method used in this study is an empirical legal research method with a conceptual approach and a case approach