Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A VIRTUAL EMBASSY ACCORDING TO THE 1961 VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: THE CASE OF BARBADOS’ METAVERSE EMBASSY
Get PDFThrough years of practice, embassies are considered the pillar of the diplomatic system, which faced developments of methods recently heavily influenced by internet optimization. It is reflected in the growing practices of non-physical embassies that raised the issue of whether or not those practices are consistent with the embassy's function under diplomatic law. By using method of normative legal research, qualitative methodology, and descriptive and comparative methods, This paper argues the difficulties of the performance of diplomatic mission function by non-physical embassies through the dimensions of efficiency laid down under the object and purpose of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. It stands to prove the cumulativeness of the functions prescribed under Article 3 (1) of VCDR, arguing that the functions' performance is inefficient by only operating one or several functions. By this way of interpretation, the sole establishment of non-physical embassies, such as virtual embassies and especially metaverse embassies, is impractical due to their inability to perform several key functions of the diplomatic mission. It then clearly established that States cannot rely solely on establishing non-physical embassies and must seek alternative methods
KONTROVERSI PERKAWINAN BAWAH UMUR: REALITA DAN TANTANGAN BAGI PENEGAKAN HUKUM KELUARGA DI INDONESIA
Get PDFABSTRAKPerkawinan bawah umur merupakan masalah global yang terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk Indonesia. PBB menghimbau semua negara anggota untuk menghapuskan praktik perkawinan anak di masing-masing negara dan tahun 2030 diharapkan zero perkawinan anak di seluruh dunia. Tingginya angka perkawinan bawah umur menyebabkan Indonesia menempati urutan ke-8 terbanyak di dunia dan urutan ke-2 di wilayah negara ASEAN. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan menentukan bahwa perkawinan diizinkan jika laki-laki telah berumur 19 tahun dan perempuan 16 tahun. Perbedaan usia perkawinan menimbulkan ketidaksetaraan dan diskriminasi gender, sehingga pemerintah merasa perlu untuk mengubah syarat usia perkawinan menjadi 19 tahun bagi laki-laki dan perempuan sesuai Pasal 7 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Berubahnya syarat usia perkawinan berbasis kesetaraan gender ini, diharapkan dapat meminimalisir praktik perkawinan bawah umur di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini berupa metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan dilengkapi data-data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelusuran terkait materi perkawinan bawah umur yang berasal dari lembaga-lembaga terkait dan media sosial. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik perkawinan bawah umur di Indonesia dan dampak perkawinan bawah umur terhadap pemenuhan hak atas pendidikan serta sanksi terhadap orang tua yang melakukan pemaksaan perkawinan bawah umur. Terdapat kontroversi dengan adanya perbedaan kebiasaan yang ada di masyarakat mengenai perkawinan dengan UU Perkawinan, guna mendukung pencegahan praktik perkawinan bawah umur di Indonesia, disarankan adanya perubahan nilai, norma, dan cara pandang terhadap perkawinan bawah umur, serta adanya penguatan peran orang tua dalam perlindungan anak.Kata kunci: hukum keluarga; kontroversi; penegakan hukum; perkawinan bawah umur.
ABSTRACTUnderage marriage is a global issue that happens in many parts of the world, including Indonesia. United Nations appealed to every member state to abolish the practice of underage marriage and to have zero child marriage by 2030. The high rates of underage marriage caused Indonesia to be placed 8th in the world and 2nd in ASEAN. Marriage law regulated the age requirement for marriage to be 19 years old for the groom and 16 years old for the bride. In practice, underage marriage often happens to girls as many as 1 in 9. Meanwhile for boys it rarely happens with 1 in 100 boys. Age difference in marriage requirement causes inequality and gender discrimination so the Government felt the need to revise the age requirement for marriage to 19 years old for both men and women as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. With the revision of the age requirement for marriage it is hoped that the practice of underage marriage in Indonesia could be minimized. This research uses normative judicial method and completed by data regarding child marriage from various related institutions and social media. As for the purpose of this research is to find out about the practice of underage marriage in Indonesia and the impact of child marriage on the fulfillment of the right to education as well as sanction for parents who force child marriage.Keywords: controversy; family law; law enforcement; underage marriage
KEPEMILIKAN RUMAH SUSUN UMUM YANG DIBANGUN DI ATAS TANAH BARANG MILIK NEGARA/DAERAH
Get PDFABSTRAKPembangunan Rumah Susun merupakan upaya penyediaan rumah bagi masyarakat dalam kondisi keterbatasan lahan. Rumah Susun yang ada saat ini dibangun di atas tanah Hak Milik, Hak Guna Bangunan dan Hak Pakai. Karena keterbatasan tanah hak untuk dibangun rumah susun terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, dalam Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011, dikembangkan pembangunan rumah susun umum dengan memanfaatkan barang milik Negara/daerah berupa tanah dengan cara sewa. Namun banyak kendala yang dihadapi dalm pembangunan Rumah Susun di atas Tanah aset Pemerintah/Pemda, sehingga belum dapat terlaksana. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian kepustakaan dan pelitian lapangan dianalisis secara normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemanfaatan Barang Milik Negara/Daerah berupa tanah untuk pembangunan Rumah Susun umum merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah. Dalam penyediaan Rumah Susun umum, baik yang di sewa maupun di miliki banyak kendala yang ditemukan dilapangan. Untuk mengatasi kendala kebutuhan rumah susun umum, Pemerintah mulai merencanakan pembangunan rumah susun di atas tanah Barang Milik Negara/Daerah dengan bukti Sertipikat Kepemilikan Bangunan Gedung (SKBG) Satuan Rumah Susun. Pembangunan rumah susun tersebut terletak di Kota Bandung sebagai Pilot Projek. Kepemilikan Rumah Susun di atas tanah Barang Milik Negara/Daerah dilakukan dengan cara sewa yang berjangka waktu 60 tahun. Saat ini peraturan pelaksanaan yang berkaitan dengan SKBG Sarusun baru diterbitkan, sehingga kepemilikan rumah susun umum di atas tanah aset pemerintah/pemda dengan bukti SKBG Sarusun belum dapat terwujud. Untuk itu perlu segera diterbitkan Petunjuk pelaksanaannya.Kata kunci: Rumah Susun; SKBG Sarusun; Tanah BMN/D.
ABSTRACTConstruction of Flats is an effort to provide housing for the community in conditions of limited land. The existing flats are built on land with Hak Milik, Hak Guna Bangunan, Hak Pakai. Due to limited land rights to build flats, especially to meet the needs of low-income people, in Law Number 20 of 2011, developed the construction of public flats by utilizing state/regional property in the form of land by way of lease. However, many obstacles were encountered in the construction of Flats on Government/Regional Government asset land, so that it could not be implemented. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive with a normative juridical approach. Data obtained from library research and field research were analyzed normatively qualitatively. The results of the study show that the utilization of state/regional property in the form of land for the construction of public flats is the responsibility of the government. In the provision of public flats, whether lease or owned, there are many obstacles found in the field. To overcome the constraints on the need for public flats, the Government has begun planning the construction of flats on State/Regional Property land with proof of Building Ownership Certificate for Flats Units (SKBG Sarusun). The construction of the flats is located in Bandung City as a Pilot Project. The ownership of Flats on State/Regional Property land is carried out by means of a lease with a term of 60 years. At present implementing regulations relating to the SKBG Sarusun have just been issued, so ownership of public flats on government/local government asset land with proof of the SKBG Sarusun has yet to materialize. For this reason, it is necessary to issue an Implementation Manual immediately.Keywords: Flats; SKBG Sarusun; State/Regional Property
ELECTRONIC NOTARY SERVICES BASED ON THE ACT OF NOTARY POSITION AND THE ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND TRANSACTIONS ACT
No full textPemanfaatan internet atau media elektronik telah menjadi bagian terpenting dalam hal meningkatkan suatu kinerja baik di bidang instansi pemerintahan maupun berbagai profesi lainnya. Salah satu profesi yang dikenal di masyarakat adalah profesi Notaris, Notaris sebagai pejabat umum bertugas untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada anggota masyarakat yang memerlukan jasanya dalam pembuatan alat bukti tertulis, khususnya berupa akta Autentik dalam bidang hukum perdata seperti pembuatan akta Jual beli, akta Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas, akta jaminan Fidusia, akta Keterangan Hak Waris, akta Wasiat, akta perjanjian Kerjasama dan lain-lain, Keberadaan notaris merupakan pelaksanaan dari hukum pembuktian. Penelitian ini mengkaji pelayanan Notaris secara elektronik dilihat dari implementasi, pengaturan dan kepastian hukumnya sebagai perwujudan dari konsep Cyber Notary dan E-Notary. Melalui pendekatan Yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis ditemukan bahwa dari segi substansi, struktur dan kultur Indonesia masih memerlukan berbagai macam penyesuaian, pembaharuan maupun strategi kolaboratif untuk membentuk suatu harmonisasi dari aspek regulasi, dukungan dari insrastruktur teknologi dan sumber daya manusia serta kepercayaan terhadap jabatan notaris sendiri. Hal tersebut perlu adanya suatu pembenahan- pembenahan terkait dengan Harmonisasi subtansi dalam peraturan terkait jabatan Notaris serta sarana dan prasarana pendukung.
Kata kunci: Pelayanan Notaris, Cyber Notary dan E-NotaryThe use of the internet or electronic media has become an important part in terms of improving performance both in the field of government agencies and various other professions. One profession that is known in the community is the Notary profession, a Notary as a general official whose job is to provide services to members of the public who need their services in making written evidence, especially in the form of authentic deeds in the field of civil law such as making sale and purchase deeds, deed of establishment of limited liability companies, Deeds of Fiduciary guarantees, Deeds of Inheritance Rights, Deeds of Wills, Deeds of Cooperation agreements and others, establishment of a notary is an implementation of the evidentiary law. This study examines notary services electronically from the point of view of implementation, regulation and legal certainty as an embodiment of the concepts of Cyber Notary and E-Notary. Through a normative juridical approach with descriptive analytical methods it was found that in terms of substance, structure and culture, Indonesia still requires various kinds of adjustments, updates and collaborative strategies to form a harmonization of regulatory aspects, support from technological infrastructure and human resources and trust in the notary's position Alone . It is necessary to make improvements related to the harmonization of substance in regulations related to the position of Notary and supporting facilities and infrastructure.
Key Words: Notary Services, Cyber Notary and E-Notar
ONRECHTMATIG OVERHEIDSDAAD BY THE GOVERNMENT ON THE LIABILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT REGULATION (CASE STUDY ON LAW NUMBER 18 OF 2017)
Get PDFThis paper discusses about "Government Actions Against the Obligation to Prepare Government Regulations from Law No.18 of 2017" in the form of a Legal Memorandum. Where the Government in making and issuing Government Regulations from Law No. 18 of 2017 has exceeded the time limit that has been regulated in in law. The legal questions that arise are (1) is the government's attitude that exceeds the time in issuing the Government Regulations an act of the government in carrying out government administration functions? (2) Is the government's attitude exceeding the time in issuing the Government Regulations a violation of State Administration law? This study uses normative legal analysis. The purpose of this writing is the invention of recommendation given by the author for consideration to readers and the people of Indonesia, especially is those who feel be anggrieved by the government’s actions in the state arrangement. The results of the analysis of this Legal Memorandum conclude that the government's action is an administrative function of the government and is an unlawful act. As for the recommended recommendations, citizens who feel aggrieved by the government's actions can take repressive actions against government actions from Law No.18 of 2017, these citizens can sue the President to the State Administrative Court as an authorized court according to law after committing administrative effort
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM SECARA KEPERDATAAN BAGI KLIEN NOTARIS YANG MENGALAMI KERUGIAN AKIBAT DITERBITKANNYA AKTA AUTENTIK YANG CACAT HUKUM OLEH NOTARIS
Get PDFABSTRAKNotaris adalah pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat akta autentik. Sebagai pejabat umum, dalam menjalankan jabatannya, Notaris harus bertindak amanah, jujur, saksama, mandiri, tidak berpihak, dan menjaga kepentingan pihak yang terkait dalam perbuatan hukum, namun, pada praktiknya tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa Notaris dalam menjalankan jabatannya melakukan perbuatan yang melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan seperti memalsukan akta autentik, sehingga akibat dari perbuatan Notaris tersebut menimbulkan kerugian terhadap klien Notaris. Oleh karena itu, terhadap klien Notaris yang dirugikan haruslah diberikan perlindungan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum yang dapat/ diberikan kepada klien Notaris yang dirugikan akibat pemalsuan akta autentik oleh Notaris serta untuk mengetahui akibat hukum terhadap akta Notaris yang terbukti secara sah telah dipalsukan oleh Notaris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum secara perdata kepada klien Notaris yang dirugikan akibat pemalsuan akta autentik dapat mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan dengan dasar Perbuatan Melawan Hukum yang terdapat dalam Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata, dan akibat hukum terhadap akta autentik yang telah terbukti secara sah dipalsukan oleh Notaris, menjadi batal demi hukum atau tidak sah sebagaimana diputus dalam pengadilan.
Kata kunci: akta autentik; melawan hukum; perlindungan hukum.
ABSTRACTA notary is a public official authorized to create authentic deeds. As a public official, in carrying out the position, a Notary must act trustworthy, honestly, thoroughly, independently, and impartial and protect the interests of parties involved in legal actions, however, in practice, it can't be denied that a Notary in carrying out their position commits an act that violates laws and regulations, such as falsifying authentic deeds, so that the consequences of the Notary's actions cause harm to the Notary's client. Therefore, the disadvantaged Notary's client had to be given legal protection. This study aims to determine the legal protection that can be given to Notary clients who are harmed by the falsification of authentic deeds by a Notary and to find out the legal consequences of a Notary deed that has been legally proven to have been falsified by a Notary. This research uses the normative legal research method through the statutory regulation approach. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that civil legal protection for Notary clients who are harmed by authentic deed falsification can file a lawsuit to court based on Unlawful Acts contained in Article 1365 of the Civil Code, and legal consequences to an authentic deed which has been proved legally falsified by a Notary, becomes null and void or invalid as decided in court.
Keywords: authentic deed; legal protection; tort law
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRIPLE HELIX CONCEPT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe insurance industry in Indonesia is one of the industrial sectors that has a very dynamic development in terms of the number of insurance participants, the amount of sum assured and/or premiums as well as the various types of insurance objects. The growth and development of the insurance industry in Indonesia is not only influenced by socio-economic aspec but also by aspects of government policies in the field of insurance. However, the occurrence of several cases of default on several insurance company hurt the insurance service industry sector, including a decline in public confidence in insurance because insurance was considered no longer able to protect its customers. This research was conducted using normative juridical methods through secondary data related to the concept of the triple helix in industrial development in Indonesia and its relation to positive law in Indonesia. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using qualitative methods and the results are then presented descriptive so that a clear picture can be obtained regarding the topic that is the problem in this study. The research results obtained: First, the implementation of the triple helix concept can contribute to the development of the national insurance industry, among other things, through the provision of quality human resources, research and development, and the establishment of policies that are fairer and have legal certainty. Second, the triple helix concept as a supporter of the development of the insurance industry in Indonesia will be successful if it is supported by the commitment of all elements of the triple helix to work together in developing the national insurance industry and the accuracy of targets in formulating cooperation
TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI SKINS GAME STEAM MELALUI GROUP FACEBOOK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KONTRAK
Get PDFABSTRAKPerdagangan ialah suatu keperluan yang penting bagi masyarakat guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Perlindungan hukum terkait dengan Transaksi jual beli skins game steam melalui group facebook dalam perspektif hukum kontrak. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini bersifat deksriptif dan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang yang ada (statue approach). Jenis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Perlindungan Hukum dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Skins di Aplikasi Steam Melalui Group Facebook Dapat Dilakukan dengan Mempertimbangkan Perspektif Hukum Kontrak yaitu dapat dilakukan dikarenakan orang yang telah melakukan wanprestasi telah melanggar asas perjanjian hukum kontrak. Transaksi jual beli online antara pembeli dan penjual tidak saling bertatap muka sehingga hal itu menjadi sulit untuk melakukan tuntutan secara langsung. Pihak yang dirugikan dapat mengajukan bukti – bukti yang sesuai pada yang tertera yaitu bukti transfer, bukti pesan text, nama alamat, nomor telepon, nomor rekening pelaku usaha.Kata kunci: kontrak; transaksi; tuntutan; wanprestasi.
ABSTRACTTrade is an important requirement for people to meet their needs. In this study, the aim is to analyze legal protection related to the sale and purchase transaction of steam game skins through the Facebook group from the perspective of contract law. This normative juridical research is descriptive and uses the existing law approach. (sculpture approach). The types of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that legal protection in buying and selling skins on the Steam application through the Facebook group can be carried out by considering a contract law perspective, namely that it can be carried out because people who have defaulted have violated a contract law agreement. Online buying and selling transactions between buyers and sellers do not meet face-to-face, so it becomes difficult to make direct agreements. The aggrieved party can submit evidence according to what is stated, namely proof of transfer, proof of text messages, name, address, telephone number, and account number of the business actor.Keywords: agreement; contract; default; transaction
Hak Cipta Terkait Penggunaan Lagu di Media Sosial untuk Tujuan Iklan Produk Komersial
Get PDFBesarnya jumlah pengguna media sosial dan peningkatan jumlah pengguna setiap tahunnya yang tinggi mengundang para pengusaha untuk memasarkan dan menawarkan produk mereka melalui media sosial. Iklan-iklan produk tersebut dikemas semenarik mungkin, dengan memanfaatkan fitur-fitur media sosial seperti Tiktok dan Instagram untuk menambahkan musik dan lagu pada video iklan produk. Timbul permasalahan mengenai pelanggaran Hak Cipta dalam penggunaan lagu dalam iklan produk komersial, dan perlindungan Hak Ciptanya. Melalui penelitian normatif yuridis terhadap Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, dapat ditemukan bahwa penggunaan lagu dan/atau musik dalam iklan tanpa izin berupa lisensi adalah pelanggaran terhadap Hak Cipta, yang juga dilarang oleh media sosial yang sering digunakan untuk mengunggah konten iklan seperti Tiktok dan Instagram. Pengguna juga wajib membayar royalti pada pemegang Hak Cipta setelah penggunaan dilakukan. Dalam hal pemegang hak merasa haknya dilanggar, maka terdapat tiga jalur penyelesaian sengketa, yaitu melalui mediasi, arbitrase, dan Pengadilan Niaga
Framing The Responsibility of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) on Space Technology in International Law
Get PDFPublic-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have gained popularity as a way to use resources and expertise from the private sector to support governmental space activities. In the event of a space-related incident, the division of duties and liabilities between public and private partners may be complicated. Clarifying the division of duties and liabilities between public and private actors is necessary given the rising participation of private companies in space activities.. With the growing involvement of private entities in space activities, there is a need to clarify the allocation of responsibilities and liabilities between public and private actors. Who is held responsible when a private company causes a technological disaster strike? On what basis can the responsibility be made, understood from international law? The research is normative legal research, where the data is collected through a statutory and case approach. The study results show that Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in outer space activities raise complex questions regarding responsibility. Responsibility refers to the Liability Convention on the Outer Space Treaty. The treaty emphasizes that states bear international responsibility for their national activities in outer space, including those conducted by private entities under their jurisdiction. However, the treaty does not explicitly address the specific responsibilities of private actors. Private companies only bear indirect international responsibility. PPPs need to consider the notion of shared responsibility, which acknowledges the contributions of both public and private actors and emphasizes cooperation and transparenc