Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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Consumer Protection Against False Ecolabel Claims: A Legal Analysis in Indonesia
Get PDFThe growing environmental awareness has encouraged the use of ecolabels as markers for environmentally friendly products. However, the phenomenon of greenwashing, where companies falsely claim environmental benefits, poses a challenge to consumer protection in Indonesia. Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection is expected to safeguard consumers from misleading information, including false ecolabel claims. However, weak enforcement, lack of consumer awareness, and regulatory gaps have allowed greenwashing practices to persist. Consumer education and the harmonization of ecolabel standards are crucial to addressing this issue. In addition, technologies like blockchain can be utilized to enhance product supply chain transparency. More effective law enforcement and collaboration between the government, certification bodies, and the public are needed to ensure that only truly environmentally friendly products receive ecolabels. This article analyzes the regulation of consumer protection against false ecolabel claims in Indonesia and proposes solutions to strengthen this protection
Ethicomedicolegal Perspective of Abortion of Fetuses with Major Congenital Malformations
Get PDFAbortion is considered illegal under the provisions of the 1981 Criminal Code; however, exceptions in the 2009 Health Law allow for abortions in instances where the fetus is deemed "unlikely to survive outside the womb”. Despite this allowance, ethical concerns, ambiguities in legal interpretation, and the practical implementation of abortion procedures in healthcare settings persist. The research problem of this study is how harmonious is the alignment between legislation and medical ethics in navigating abortion of fetuses with major congenital malformation? The methodology used is normative juridical analysis, supplemented by descriptive analysis. The aim is to assess the adequacy of existing regulations concerning abortion in ensuring ethical practices. Results demonstrate the necessity for comprehensive guidance to ensure the legality and ethicality of abortion decisions and procedures. This entails delineating clear criteria for defining, classifying, and assessing the severity of congenital malformations, as well as establishing regulations or practical guidelines governing the diagnostic methods, healthcare facilities, and requisite expertise of medical professionals authorized to perform abortions. Additionally, attention must be directed towards fostering an ethical decision-making process surrounding abortion, alongside implementing robust supervision, monitoring, and evaluation mechanisms to uphold standards of care and ethical conduct within the realm of abortion services
Child Development in The Context of Law Through Indigenous Approaches and Local Wisdom (Strengthening Restorative Justice Within the Criminal Justice System)
Get PDFThe provisions related to children in conflict with the law are regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System, which encompasses all forms of best interests, especially for children through the Restorative Justice approach. The problem in this study is how the regulation of the Criminal Justice System for children in conflict with the law in Indonesia and the urgency of customary law in realizing Restorative Justice in the settlement of cases of children in conflict with the law in Indonesia. The method used is Normative legal research with a statute approach and case approach. The results showed that the way to resolve children's criminal cases was through litigation and non-litigation. The urgency of customary law in realizing Restorative Justice in the settlement of cases of children dealing with the law in Indonesia needs to be reviewed because the settlement of children's cases through customary law will be very helpful and guarantee the best interests of the child. Meanwhile, the regulation on customary criminal sanctions in Law No. 11/2012 has not fully placed customary law as a Primum Remedium (primary remedy). Because in Article 71 paragraph (2) of Law No. 11/2012, customary sanctions are only a form of supplemental penalties. If the primary penalty is not enforced, the supplementary penalty cannot be implemented automatically
Analisis Spasial dan Hukum Administrasi Tata Ruang: Studi Kasus Kedai Burger Cepat Saji di Kota Bandung
Get PDFKedai Burger cepat saji di Kota Bandung diketahui melakukan pelanggaran tata ruang dengan membangun kedai di atas garis sempadan bangunan (GSB) dan tidak memiliki Persetujuan Bangunan Gedung (PBG). Hal ini dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan dukungan visualisasi dari analisis spasial berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kedai tersebut melanggar Peraturan Daerah Kota Bandung tentang RDTR dan PZ, di mana lokasi kedai dibangun di atas Garis Sempadan Bangunan tepatnya kurang dari setengah lebar ruang milik jalan (rumija). Proses hukum mulai dari peringatan administratif, gugatan ke pengadilan, putusan kasasi Mahkamah Agung telah dilakukan hingga akhirnya menjadi hal yang menguatkan legalitas tindakan pembongkaran oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung sebagai sanksi dari pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya dasar-dasar hukum yang mengatur tata ruang yang harus ditegakkan serta pentingnya pengawasan tata ruang melalui pendekatan spasial secara konsisten
Kebijakan Relaksasi Kredit Terhadap Non Performing Loan Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Terdampak Covid-19 Oleh Bank Umum Konvensional
Get PDFPembatasan aktivitas bisnis di Indonesia merupakan konsekuensi yang ditimbulkan oleh Covid-19. Hal ini terjadi karena terdapat protokol kesehatan yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah memaksa pelaku bisnis untuk menghentikan usahanya. Kondisi tersebut kemudian berimplikasi pada ketidakmampuan pelaku usaha UMKM untuk memenuhi kewajibannya kepada bank dan pada akhirnya menimbulkan kredit bermasalah. Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan memberikan wewenang sebagai institusi yang melaksanakan fungsi mengatur dan mengawasi sektor jasa keuangan Indonesia, termasuk kepada OJK sebagai industri perbankan. Sebagai bentuk respon atas permasalahan risiko kredit pada perbankan karena ketidakmampuan UMKM dalam memenuhi kewajibannya pada perbankan, OJK menerbitkan kebijakan stimulus perekonomian melalui Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Stimulus Perekonomian Nasional Sebagai Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019. Hasil penelitian yang menggunakan metode yuridis normatif ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat beberapa cara penyelamatan terhadap kredit bermasalah yaitu dengan cara penjadwalan kembali (rescheduling), penataan kembali (restructuring), dan persyaratan kembali (reconditioning). Selain itu diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa bentuk relaksasi kredit bagi UMKM yang aktivitas bisnisnya terkena distraksi Covid-19 adalah mencakup kebijakan penetapan kualitas aset, dan kebijakan restrukturisasi kredit atau pembiayaan
The Use of Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) As an Anti-Piracy Measure and Solution
Get PDFThe sea route is one of the best options chosen by national and international traders because of lower cost when we compare it to using air freight and the increasing use of merchant ships for international trade, makes people take advantages such as sea piracy and armed robbery and a solution to protect from these things commercial vessels use the services of the Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) and the Private Maritime Security Company (PMSC). The absence of international regulations regarding the use of these services raises pros and cons between coastal states and with special policies in particular regarding the territorial sea of a coastal state. Thus, there is a big question that the use of PCASP and PMSC is in accordance with international law with existing regulations and how Indonesia as a coastal state sees the use of such services as a solution to avoid piracy. The formation of soft laws and agreements is a way out at this time in order to maintain maritime security from the dangers of sea piracy and armed robberies
EKSISTENSI PENGADILAN KHUSUS PERTANAHAN GUNA MEWUJUDKAN PENGARUSUTAMAAN LAND RIGHTS SEBAGAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA: THE EXISTENCE OF SPECIAL LAND COURTS TO REALIZE THE MAINSTREAMING OF LAND RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS
Get PDFABSTRAKTanah merupakan sumber daya alam yang didelegasikan pengelolaannya oleh konstitusi kepada negara. Namun dalam praktiknya, amanat tersebut tidak terlaksana dengan baik. Salah satu permasalahan pertanahan adalah adanya dua lembaga peradilan yang berwenang menyelesaikan sengketa pertanahan yang mengakibatkan adanya penyelesaian pertanahan yang masih belum optimal. Polemik tersebut kemudian berimbas pada hak atas tanah sebagai hak asasi manusia yang mendasar dikarenakan sering terjadinya pertentangan putusan. Pembentukan pengadilan khusus pertanahan kemudian dapat menjadi langkah konkret pemerintah agar amanat yang diformulasikan dalam Pasal 24 jo. 28D ayat (1), Pasal 28H ayat (2), dan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945 terwujud. Melalui penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis dan studi perbandingan Negara Filipina dan Negara Australia yang saya rasa telah selaras dengan cita-cita pengelolaan hak atas tanah sebagai hak asasi manusia. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji eksistensi pengadilan khusus pertanahan untuk mewujudkan pengarusutamaan land rights sebagai hak asasi manusia tanpa memberikan permasalahan baru terhadap masyarakat.Kata kunci: pengadilan khusus; pertanahan; land rights; hak asasi manusia
ABSTRACTLand is a natural resource that the constitution entrusts to the state. But in practice, this mandate is not well implemented. One of the problems with land is the existence of two legal institutions authorized to resolve land disputes. This results in a land settlement that is still not optimal. Frequently conflicting rulings undermine the basic human right to land. The establishment of a special land court can then be a concrete step by the government to fulfill the mandate formulated in Article 24 jo. 28D (1), Article 28H (2) and Article 33 (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Through normative legal research, which I believe is in line with the ideals of managing land rights as human rights, using a descriptive analytical approach and a comparative study of the Philippines and Australia. It also examines how special land courts can help ensure that land rights are mainstreamed as human rights.Keywords: special court; land; land rights; human right
ACTOR SEQUITUR FORUM REI: A THEORITICAL STUDY
Get PDFThe actor sequitur forum rei principle is the primary basis for determining the relative competence of civil courts in countries that adopt civil law systems. In this article, the role of the actor sequitur forum rei will be examined theoretically by analyzing theories related to personal jurisdiction, categorization of jurisdiction, and procedural justice theory. The analysis results indicate that actor sequitur forum rei is founded on the theory of power and is classified as a "connected" jurisdiction with a general nature, as jurisdiction is linked to the defendant's domicile. It enables the defendant to be sued in the forum of their domicile at any time and for any reason. Additionally, according to procedural justice theory, actor sequitur forum rei is shown to provide the defendant with protective aspects
Reconstructing Economic Self-Determination from the Third World Approach to International Law
Get PDFInternational Law governing the relationship between states has been considered failed in reformatting the principle of economic self-determination (ESD) as a continual link of political self-determination in the post decolonisation era. Such situation has placed the principle to be a vague concept in terms of its meaning and application in current international law. Such situation has contributed to continual economic dependency of the Third World (TW) states on the first world as considered the more developed states. TW states face difficulty to develop their argument to demonstrate people national interest in current international economic context. Having utilised doctrinal and TWAIL approach, this paper argues that there has been a potential meaning of ESD which can be developed from fragmentation of documents in international law, particularly in the United Nations General Assembly Resolutions (UNGA resolutions), the Law of State Succession and the International Human Rights law. This meaning then shapes the fragmented sources to be a principle for TW to be used in their international economic relation, particularly in settling economic dispute relations with Western states
The Role of Paris Agreement in the Application of the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) Principle
No full textThe Paris Agreement is one of the climate change agreements that formed on the basis of voluntarycontributions and uses the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and RespectiveCapabilities (CBDR-RC) as the ground norm of its implementation. The principle allows state parties todetermine their own targets and efforts to reduce emissions on a national and global level. However, theprinciple poses a challenge to the Agreement because it could lead to non-compliance by the stateparties and reduce their ambition to achieve net-zero emission targets. In addition, the question arises asto how international law can encourage compliance with the CBDR-RC principle and what efforts aremade to achieve an effective implementation. This article provides an understanding of the role ofinternational law in accommodating the dynamics of the CBDR-RC principle in the context of climatechange. It also discusses the role of international law in the compliance process and its relation tocompliance mechanisms as an effort to encourage the implementation of CBDR-RC principle. The resultindicates that international law through the principle can encourage state parties to comply by filling thegap in the Agreement which is the soft rules. Therefore, a good compliance committee and rules thatconsist of an easy way for state parties to comply are needed to achieve an effective implementation ofthe principles