Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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Challenges and Weaknesses of Law Enforcement Digital Copyright in Indonesia with a Comparative Approach to America Countries
No full textIndonesia has Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerningInformation and Electronic Transactions (ITE), which provide the legal basis for copyright protection.However, Indonesia still faces major challenges in law enforcement against digital copyright violations.Although these regulations exist, they are not specifically designed to deal with problems arising fromdigitalization and the internet, such as online content piracy. This research uses a normative juridicalapproach and comparative methods to assess the effectiveness of the legal system in protecting digitalcopyright. The United States has succeeded in forming and implementing specific and effective regulations,Indonesia still needs to develop legal instruments that are more appropriate to face the challenges of thedigital era. Apart from that, educating the public about the importance of digital copyright is also neededin Indonesia to reduce the number of violations. It is hoped that the results of this research can contributeto the development of more effective legal policies in Indonesia, as well as encourage internationalcooperation in efforts to protect copyright in the digital era
Comparative Analysis of Remote Work Regulations in Indonesia and the Philippines
No full textThis article presents a comparative analysis of remote work regulations in Indonesia and the Philippines, focusing on the legal protection of workers with work-from-home (WFH) status. In Indonesia, the rapid growth of WFH arrangements has not been matched by specific legal frameworks, resulting in inadequate protection and legal uncertainty for remote workers. In contrast, the Philippines has enacted the Telecommuting Act (Republic Act No. 11165), which explicitly safeguards the rights and welfare of WFH employees. The Act ensures equal treatment regarding compensation, rest periods, workload, access to training, data protection, and collective rights, while prohibiting discrimination against remote workers. The study employs a normative comparative legal method, examining regulatory texts and their implementation in both countries. Findings indicate that the Philippine approach provides a more comprehensive and adaptive legal framework for remote work, offering valuable lessons for Indonesia. The article concludes that adopting similar regulations could enhance legal certainty and worker protection in Indonesia, especially as digital and remote work become increasingly prevalent in the modern labor landscap
Kepastian Hukum Sertifikat Hak atas Tanah Bekas Eigendom Verponding
No full textSertifikat hak milik tanah yang diterbitkan dari properti yang dulunya dimiliki oleh negara (Recht Van Eigendom) menjadi fokus esai akademis ini, yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kepastian hukumnya. Karya ilmiah ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif. Setiap properti yang tidak secara langsung terlibat dalam hubungan hukum privat antara individu atau entitas dianggap sebagai tanah negara, terlepas dari statusnya saat ini. Properti yang dimiliki oleh negara tidak statis tetapi dapat berubah. Dalam negara yang menjunjung tinggi supremasi hukum, yang berupaya melindungi hak-hak subjek hukum, khususnya mengenai hak atas tanah, aspek kepastian hukum memiliki peranan yang sangat signifikan. Proses pendaftaran tanah menjamin kepastian hukum melalui penerbitan sertifikat yang berfungsi sebagai bukti hak yang dapat dipercaya, sesuai dengan ketentuan UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1960. Sertifikat hak atas tanah yang dikeluarkan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku berfungsi sebagai bukti kepemilikan yang jelas dan memberikan rasa tenang kepada pemiliknya.
Kata kunci: hak atas tanah; sertifikat; tanah negara bekas hak lam
Sarak Opat Considerations in the Application of Parak Customary Sanctions (Exile) Against Jarimah Khalwat Perpetrators
No full textIn Gayo society, khalwat (illicit sexual relations) is punishable by customary sanctions in the form of parak (exile). However, in practice in several villages in Central Aceh Regency, perpetrators of khalwat are often immediately subjected to severe parak sanctions without first going through a stage of counselling or written warnings. This study aims to determine the process of applying customary sanctions and the considerations of the sarak opat in imposing sanctions on perpetrators of khalwat. The novelty of this research lies in the integration between the values of Gayo customary law and the principle of restorative justice in the context of non-litigation law enforcement based on local wisdom. This type of research is empirical law using primary data obtained directly from the field and secondary data or reference data. The results indicate that the implementation of parak sanctions is carried out through a structured process, starting with complaints, mediation, customary court hearings, and then implementing the decision. The primary considerations for Sarak Opat include religious, legal, socio-cultural, and public security aspects. However, violations of customary procedures were found in the form of exile without prior warning, potentially raising substantive justice issues
Identifikasi Hak-Hak, Kewajiban, dan Peluang bagi Masyarakat dalam Peraturan Kehutanan Indonesia
No full textPengakuan hubungan hukum antara masyarakat dan hutan adalah prasyarat penting untuk tata kelola hutan yang inklusif. Secara normatif, UU Kehutanan No. 41 Tahun 1999 dan peraturan pelaksananya telah mengakomodir peran masyarakat, namun belum ada pemetaan sistematis mengenai spektrum hak, kewajiban, dan peluang hukum bagi masyarakat desa hutan. Penelitian ini mengisi celah tersebut dengan menggunakan analisis hukum normatif dan analisis isi terhadap undang-undang serta peraturan turunannya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ketiga elemen tersebut telah diatur secara komprehensif, mencakup aspek penguasaan, perencanaan, pemanfaatan, rehabilitasi, dan partisipasi. Dari sisi metodologi, penelitian ini menyajikan pemetaan sistematis pertama yang mengintegrasikan ketiga aspek tersebut. Meskipun kerangka regulasi sudah luas, implementasinya di tingkat lokal masih menghadapi tantangan struktural. Oleh karena itu, penelitian merekomendasikan penyusunan buku panduan hukum untuk Peraturan Desa tentang Kehutanan guna mendukung pengelolaan hutan yang berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: desa hutan, hak dan kewajiban masyarakat; peraturan desa; regulasi lokal; undang-undang kehutana
Integrasi Izin Agraria dan Zonasi Tata Ruang dalam Menurunkan Deforestasi: Bukti Kuasi-Eksperimental di Indonesia
No full textDeforestasi di Indonesia masih tinggi akibat tumpang tindih izin pemanfaatan lahan dan lemahnya koherensi antara hukum agraria dan tata ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji secara empiris pengaruh integrasi izin agraria dan zonasi tata ruang terhadap laju deforestasi di tingkat kabupaten/kota. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hukum empiris dengan desain kuasi-eksperimental melalui metode Difference-in-Differences (DiD) pada data panel periode 2005–2022. Tingkat integrasi diukur menggunakan Synchronization Index (SyncIndex), yang merepresentasikan kesesuaian spasial antara izin agraria (HGU, IUP, HTI) dan zonasi Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan SyncIndex berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan deforestasi; peningkatan 0,1 poin SyncIndex menurunkan laju deforestasi sekitar 0,19 poin persentase per tahun. Analisis event study menunjukkan bahwa dampak integrasi regulasi meningkat dua hingga tiga tahun setelah implementasi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa koherensi hukum antara rezim agraria dan tata ruang memperkuat kepastian hukum serta berfungsi sebagai instrumen preventif dalam tata kelola lingkungan.
Kata kunci: deforestasi; hukum agraria; koherensi hukum; tata kelola lingkungan; tata ruan
Legal Aspects of Effective Contribution to Military Action by Foreign States to a State in Conflict
No full textThis article explores the intricacies of effective contributions to military action, focusing on the legal aspects of foreign state assistance to states in conflict that affect the course of war. The analysis underscores the enormous challenge of determining where the lawfulness of acts by foreign states lies. This article examines international legal sources to find legal grounds for current actions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal aspects of effective contribution to military action by foreign states to a state in conflict and to examine the elements of International Law fulfilled in the actions. This research used normative legal research with qualitative analysis as the legal material analysis technique. Legal materials that had been collected, read, and understood were analyzed to address the problem formulation, whereby the results could be systematically justified. This research indicates that while effective military contributions can be justified under the rule of war and the rule of neutrality, the United States failed to fulfill legal obligations including Security Council notification. As a result, its actions breach the law of neutrality and constitute interference in the domestic affairs of another nation's sovereignty
Analisis Dampak dan Penegakan Hukum Penggunaan Trawl dalam IUU Fishing sebagai Ancaman Keberlanjutan Perikanan dan Ekosistem Perairan Natuna Utara Tahun 2021
No full textPenggunaan alat tangkap trawl dalam praktik IUU Fishing menjadi salah satu isu besar yang membahayakan kelangsungan stok ikan di Laut Natuna Utara. Wilayah perairan ini memiliki peran penting tetapi rentan terhadap IUU Fishing, termasuk memakai alat tangkap yang merusak lingkungan laut. Artikel ini berupaya mengupas dampak pemanfaatan trawl dalam kegiatan IUU Fishing terhadap lingkungan laut di Laut Natuna Utara serta melihat pembuktian secara hukum mengenai pemakaian trawl sebagai alat tangkap terlarang. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif untuk menganalisis bahwa pemakaian trawl berdampak pada rusaknya dasar laut, berkurangnya jumlah ikan, dan terganggunya keseimbangan ekosistem laut Natuna Utara. Sementara itu, meskipun larangan pemakaian trawl sudah diatur, pembuktian secara hukum atas pemakaian trawl dalam praktik IUU Fishing masih menemui banyak hambatan, terutama dalam membuktikan pemakaian trawl di Indonesia. Maka dari itu, penguatan landasan pembuktian hukum dan ketegasan dalam penegakan hukum perikanan menjadi hal yang penting guna menjaga keberlanjutan perikanan di Laut Natuna Utara.
Kata kunci: Ekosistem Laut; IUU Fishing; Keberlanjutan Perikanan; Natuna Utara; Traw
Authoritarian Regimes and Reservations Towards International Human Rights Treaties: the Analysis of Malaysia, South Korea, and Indonesia
No full textExamining the situations of Malaysia, South Korea, and Indonesia, this research investigates the problem and background of authoritarian regimes' opposition to international human rights treaties. Even while these nations have undergone transitions from authoritarianism to varied degrees of democratic administration, they have also shown reluctance to fully embrace international human rights principles and commitments. This article utilizes a qualitative method of research from documents deriving from the internet. Further, this article gives insight on the complex interplay between authoritarianism, national interests, and human rights obligations by analyzing domestic settings, institutional structures, and geopolitical operations. The article also emphasizes how these reservations affect how well international human rights treaties are implemented in these nations. By elucidating the complexities surrounding authoritarian regimes' reservations towards human rights treaties, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced in promoting and protecting human rights in diverse political contexts. Essentially, this article provides that not all authoritarian regimes neglect the protection of human rights
Airspace Management Interoperability in Enhancing National Air Defense System Indonesia and Russia
No full textNational defense is a crucial aspect of a country's existence, as it determines the guarantee of its survival. The inability of a country to defend itself from threats, both internal and external, can lead to its demise. Globalization, which is synonymous with advancements in science and technology, has given rise to new forms of threats that are multidimensional in nature. These threats can emanate from ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural, and national defense and security issues. The complexity of these issues requires an integrated approach, involving various government agencies and institutions. The Indonesian Constitution explicitly mandates that every citizen has the right and duty to participate in national defense efforts. In facing military threats, the national defense system places the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) as the main component, supported by reserve and supporting components. In facing non-military threats, the system places government agencies outside the defense sector as the main component, adjusted to the nature and characteristics of the threat. Airspace management is critical in the context of national security, as airspace can be used as a medium for attacks or threats. The development of technology has made airspace a vital component of modern life, with various sectors having interests in its use, including economics, business, science, technology, environment, sports, and defense. However, the current management of airspace is fragmented, with different sectors managing it according to their interests, potentially leading to overlapping interests. Moreover, there are issues related to the lack of integration of institutional and human resource aspects, as well as technology and infrastructure, in airspace management. Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems and devices to communicate and work together to achieve common goals efficiently and effectively. In the context of airspace management, interoperability is crucial to ensure the integration of various systems and devices. This joint research aims to conduct a study on regulations, strategies, and efforts to achieve interoperability in national airspace management in Indonesia and Russia, in order to improve the national defense system. Russia is chosen as a partner country due to its strong interoperability in airspace management. Russia has implemented an airspace management system based on information technology and has developed advanced air traffic control infrastructure to ensure safety and efficiency in flight operations, as well as integration with the national air defense syste