Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Phytoplankton Community in The Lembeh Strait, Bitung and Wori Beach, Manado, North of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkThis study was conducted to understand phytoplankton community in the Lembeh Strait at Bitung and Wori Beach at Manado in October 2015. The phytoplankton samples were collected with vertical towing using Kitahara plankton net (mesh size 80 µm). Identification and enumeration were done using Sedgwick Rafter Counting Chamber (SRCC) under 100-400X magnification. Phytoplankton abundance in Wori, Manado were lower than Lembeh Strait. There were 24 genera of diatom group and nine genera of dinoflagellate group found in Wori and Lembeh Island waters. Total phytoplankton abundance in Wori ranged from 16,293.28 – 464,358.45 cells m-3 (station 6 and station 5, respectively). Whilst, In Lembeh Strait, Bitung, the highest abundance of phytoplankton was 2,300,407.33 cells m-3 and the lowest was 16,089.61 cells m-3. The composition of diatoms and dinoflagellates in Wori and Lembeh Strait was dominated by diatom which ranged from 80.70 % to 100.0%. Based on the mean contribution at each station among the two locations, there were 11 dominance genera of diatom and dinoflagellate groups which the mean contribution value above five percent. Those were including six genera of diatom group (Chaetoceros, Bacteriastrum, Nitzchia, Rhizosoleria, Thalassiothrix, and Thalassiosira) and five genera of dinoflagellate group (Ceratium, Prorocentrum, Protoperidinium, Pyrodinium, and Scriepsiella, Chaetoceros (diatom) and Protoperidinium (dinoflagellate) exhibit the highest genera representation in all diatom and dinoflagellate group among the two locations, with a 38 % and 36 % (respectively) mean contribution. Three genera which commonly known to cause harmful algal blooms (HABs) were observed in those two locations. Nitzschia from diatom group, Prorocentrum, and Pyrodinium from dinoflagellate group. Nitzschia was the most frequently found, almost recorded at all station in Wori, Manado and Lembeh strait, Bitung. The less frequent found of HABs causative organisms in those two locations was Pyrodinium
KEANEKARAGAMAN MIKROALGA DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR FISIKA DAN KIMIA DI SUNGAI LOK ULO KABUPATEN KEBUMEN, JAWA TENGAH
No full textMicroalgae diversity research in the Lok Ulo River in Kebumen Regency, Central Java was conducted in September 2018. This study aimed to determine the diversity of microalgae in the Lok Ulo river. This research was conducted by field survey method. Determination of water sampling was chosen from 3 stations based on considerations to represent waters including: Station I (upstream part of the river), station II (middle part of the river) and station III (downstream part of the river). Each of the three water samples is taken. Water samples are taken to environmental laboratories for physical, chemical and biological analysis. The results showed that microalgae species found in the upstream, middle and downstream of the Lok Ulo river numbered 9 species, namely Oscillatoria sp., Cymbellahelvetica, Cymbellatumida, Cymbellanaviculiformis, Diatomaelongatum, Fragilaria sp, Synedraaccus, Synedraaffanis, Tabellaria sp. The relationship between TDS on microalgae diversity is shown through linear equations Y = 2.404-0.00014X. Based on these equations, TDS (X) in the Lok Ulo river is able to influence the diversity of microalgae with TDS is negative, every increase of 0.1 mg / l, TDS will reduce diversity by 0.00014 microalgae. The magnitude of the effect of TDS on the diversity of microalgae is indicated by the value of the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.972 with a significance of 0.000 there is a TDS relationship with diversity. The closeness of the relationship between TDS and the diversity of microalgae is indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) of 94.5%. This means that the magnitude of the diversity of microalgae is influenced by TDS with closeness of 94.5
BIODIVERSITAS KUPU-KUPU DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM PANANJUNG PANGANDARAN SEBAGAI ACUAN DASAR PENENTUAN STRATEGI KONSERVASI
No full textThis study aims to determine the biodiversity of butterflies, the relationship between the number of butterflies with the number of visitors and the strategy of butterfly conservation needed to manage the diversity of butterflies in Nature Recreational Park, Pananjung. This research was conducted by field survey method. Parameters observed at each site include vegetation diversity, direct collection and observation of butterflies. The parameters observed at each location include the index of diversity (H '), and regression analysis. Samples are taken from ecosystem which is divided into three stations ie many visitors station, station little visitors, station no visitors as much as thirteen times. The study was conducted at the end of December 2016 - end of March 2017 for 3 Months. The results of the study found 59 species of 1165 individuals. The variety of butterflies including high category (H '= 3.651) with fairness is still relatively high (E = 0.887). In addition, the amount of influence the number of visitors to the number of butterflies (r square) 0,398 or 39,8 % with regression equation is: yaitu : Y = -0,0000079X3 + 0,005X2 – 0,828X + 44,083. The more visitors who come to ecosystem the more will decrease the number of butterflies. Furthermore, the conservation strategy that is needed in ecosystem is need to do in situ butterfly capture from Nature Recreational Park, Pananjung because of the discovery of endemic species of Tanaceia trigerta and rare species, Troides helena
PENGARUH FOTOPERIODIK KANIBALISME MATERNAL PADA MENCIT LABORATORIUM (Mus musculus)
No full textThe animal has an ability to respond to environmental changes with an adaptive mechanism to optimize reproductive fitness. Using house mice Mus musculus (laboratory mice) as the subject, we examined the responsiveness to different photoperiod which hints at seasonal change. The animal can accurately predict the seasonal change by physiological anticipation then expressed in their behavior. Cannibalism is one of crucial maternal behavior that helps the population to control its size particularly to survive in significant environmental change. To confirm the significance of photoperiod-induced change in mice maternal cannibalism, which further changed sex ratio and mass regulation, we placed the mice in different photoperiod: 12h:12h (light:dark; control), 14h:10h (long day), and 10h:14h (short day) as first factor and duration of treatment prior to mating (0 day, 20 days and 40 days) as second factor (n = 5 / group). The results showed that photoperiod has a significant effect (p < 0,05) to the sex ratio of each litter on PND1 (postnatal day 1) and PND20, while litter size was affected only on PND20. Litter size and sex ratio changes were mainly caused by maternal-specific cannibalism as we observed during 20 days postpartum. PND20 gave significant effect to the pups mass (p < 0,05). Maternal and pups mass might associate with maternal investment during lactation, and also related to litter size and sex ratio adjustment via specific maternal cannibalism.Key Words: photoperiodism, maternal cannibalism, sex ratio, Mus musculu
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Infeksi HBV dan HCV pada Orang dengan HIV/ AIDS (ODHA)
Full text linkData statistik Ditjen PP dan PL Kemenkes RI menyebutkan bahwa kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia sampai bulan Maret 2016 mencapai 276.511 penderita, dan 11,4% diantaranya tercatat di Jawa Timur (Jatim). Orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) sering terkena virus hepatitis, sekitar sepertiganya memiliki penyakit infeksi bersamaan dengan HBV atau HCV, yang dalam jangka panjang akan menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian infeksi HBV dan HCV pada ODHA. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 81 orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) yang melakukan tes HIV di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Gambiran Kota Kediri. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan adanya hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian infeksi HBV dan HCV pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA).
Ligninolytic Activity of Fungi Isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm (Elaesis guineensis Jacq.)
Full text linkLignin is a natural polymer and plays an important role as a compound of plant cell wall constituent. A study about the degradation of lignin in the environment has been receiving considerable attention because the complex structure and difficult to be degraded compared to the degradation of others plant cell wall constituent. A study to determine the activity of the ligninolytic enzyme (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase) of fungi isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch. This study has been done with a screening of ligninolytic activity using potato dextrose agar supplemented with tannic acid (0,1%), showed that two out of five fungal isolates have ligninolytic activity. The highest activity of lignin peroxidase was produced by SN2 isolatesi.e. 9.677U ml-1, whereas the highest activity of manganese peroxidase and laccase was produced by SN3isolates i.e.1.942 U ml-1 and 1.846 U m-1 respectively
Katekin dalam Teh Hijau sebagai Kelator Alami pada Individu Terpapar Plumbum Pembawa Polimorfisme Gena Nitrit Oksida Sintase 3
Full text linkTeh hijau merupakan salah satu jenis teh yang banyak dikenal karena berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit contohnya hipertensi. Daun teh hijau mengandung senyawa polifenol yang dikenal sebagai catechin. Catechin dapat berfungsi sebagai penangkap radikal bebas seperti senyawa singlet oksigen, radikal hidroksil dan peroksinitrit. Berdasarkan sifat tersebut catechin diharapkan dapat mengatasi keracunan logam berat Pb pada individu terpapar Pb. Pengobatan keracunan Pb selama ini menggunakan senyawa kelator kimiawi dimerkaprol, namun dilaporkan pemakaiannya menimbulkan efek samping berupa naiknya tekanan darah.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk 1) mengetahui efek teh hijau terhadap kadar NO pada individu terpapar Pb pembawa polimorfisme dan non polimorfisme gena NOS3. 2) mengetahui efek teh hijau terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada individu terpapar Pb pembawa polimorfisme dan non polimorfisme gena NOS3. Penelitian menggunakan metode survai dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. 30 orang pekerja bengkel mobil di Purwokerto sebagai subyek kasus dan 30 orang subyek kontrol berasal dari desa Pamijen, yang diperkirakan tidak terpolusi Pb. Untuk mengetahui adanya polimorfisme, gena individu ditentukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Enzim restriksi MboI untuk gena NOS3. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar Pb darah, NO, tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 40% dari 30 orang subyek kasus terdeteksi sebagai individu pembawa polimorfisme gena NOS3 dengan genotip GA dan DNA terpotong enzim MboI sepanjang 206 bp, 119 bp dan 87 bp. Sebanyak 60 % subyek kasus terdeteksi sebagai individu non polimorfisme dengan genotip GG, DNA terletak pada 206 bp. Kadar NO setelah pemberian teh hijau mengalami peningkatan baik pada individu pembawa polimorfisme gena NO3 maupun non polimorfisme, sedangkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada kedua kelompok individu mengalami penurunan. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian teh hijau dapat digunakan sebagai kelator alami keracunan Pb
AKTIVITAS PEPSIN-LIKE DAN LIPASE PADA IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla bicolor McClelland) DENGAN FASE PERKEMBANGAN BERBEDA
No full textThe pepsin-like and lipase activities of eel with different maturity stage has been studied by an experimental method using complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments and four replications. A total of 51 juvenile stage of eels (mean weight 41.25 ± 0.898 g), 14 yellow stage of eels (mean weight 319.8 ± 4.66g) and 6 silver stage of eels (mean weight 569.5 ± 9.150g) have been used for this study. Measurement of pepsin-like and lipase activities were using spectrophotometer method. The results showed that pepsin-like and lipase activities of eel did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) between different maturity stage, but pepsin-like activity was significantly different between incubation pH (P <0.05), and pH 3,4 is optimal for pepsin-like activity. Eel have equal capacity for protein and lipid digestion between different maturity stage, and has true gastric with pepsin active at acid condition (pH 3.4)
FORTIFIED FEED OF AVOCADO (Persea americana) LEAF EXTRACT FOR SEPTICEMIA MOTILE AEROMONAD DISEASE PREVENTION IN CATFISH
No full textDisease caused by the bacterium A. hyrophila known as MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia) decreases survival and growth in Catfish. Phytopharmaca is a potential solution to replace antibiotics. One of the phytopharmaca which has the potential to be effective, inexpensive, safe for humans, and environmentally friendly is avocado (Persea americana) with active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The potential for prevention of bacterial diseases with avocado leaf extract on the clinical symptoms of fish in MAS disease needs to be scientifically proven to be applicable to aquaculture economically and environmentally sustainable. This study uses an experimental method with several stages, namely testing LD50, in vitro and in vivo tests. The LD50 concentration of A. hydrophila is at a density of 102 cfu/ml. The filtrate of avocado leaf maceration showed that a clear zone diameter is equivalent to penicillin in the in-vitro test. Fortification of avocado leaf extract on feed is quite effective in preventing MAS disease in the in-vivo test. The fastest of MAS disease clinical symptoms recovery is at a dose of 100 ppt and 300 ppt on the 7th day. The highest Survival Rate (SR) was found at a dose of 100 pp (100%) which was equivalent to negative control and followed by a dose of 200 ppt (73.33%), 300 ppt (66.67%) and positive control (46.67%)
GAMBARAN DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus) BALB-C SEBAGAI HEWAN COBA YANG DI INFEKSI TRYPANSOMA EVANSI YANG DIOBATI ISOMETAMIDIUM KLORIDA
No full textSurra merupakan kasus Infeksi Trypanosoma evansi pada ternak, yang menyebabkan banyak kerugian ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh peternak. Pemerintah mengupayakan pengobatan penyakit ini dengan mengunakan obat-obatan jenis trypanosidal. Penggunaan obat secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan terjadinya mekanisme resistensi. Di Indonesia, obat ISMM belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap penggunaannya dalam mengobati surra. Sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian untuk dapat menggambarkan kondisi T. evansi setelah dilakukan pengobatan dengan ISMM dan respon kesembuhan hospesnya. Metode infeksi T. evansi dilakukan secara intra peritoneum dan derajat parasitemia di amati setiap hari dibawah mikroskop, selanjutnya dibedakan menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok P1 diinjeksi dengan obat ISM dosis 0.05 mg/kg, P2 dosis 0.10mg/kg, P3 dosis 0.30 mg/kg dan kontrol yang diinjeksi dengan aquades. Selanjutnya mencit dengan parasitemia + 4 (108) di ambil darahnya melalui intracardial, kemudian darah yang diambil di amati gambaran darahnya. Hasilnya hampir keeluruhan mencit menunjukkan adanya parasit T. evansi setelah di obati dengan ISMM baik kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan, meskipun kelompok perlakuan dapat bertahan lebih lama dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil pengamatan gambaran darah menunjukkan penurunan jumlah eritrosit hampir disemua mencit kontrol dan perlakuan (kisaran 5x106/mm3) jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi normal harusnya 7-12 x106/mm3 yang menandakan terjadi anemia, sedangkan jumlah leukositnya menunjukkan kelompok Kontrol dan P1 masih menunjukan dalam kisaran 6-12.60x106/mm3 dan kelompok P2, P3 menunjukkan 13,7x106/mm3 dan 17,4x106/mm3. Kesimpulannya T. evansi isolate ngawi diduga mengalami resistensi terhadap obat Isometamidiuklorida (ISMM) dengan menunjukan tetap adanya perkembangan T. evansi pasca pemberian ISMM, serta dosis ISMM yang diberikan tidak begitu efektif dalam mendukung hospes untuk proses penyembuhan dengan tidak adanya perbedaan gambaran darah dari mencit kontrol dan mencit yang di obati dengan ISMM.Key Words: Trypanosoma evansi, isometamidium klorida, gambaran darah, Mus musculus, resistens