Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Kepadatan dan Penyebaran serta Status Resistensi Nyamuk (Diptera: Culicidae) dari Daerah Endemis dan Non Endemis DBD di Wilayah DIY
Full text linkPenyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia tidak terkecuali di wilayah DIY. Jumlah penderita dan luas daerah penyebarannya semakin bertambah seiring dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Keberadaan tempat perindukan nyamuk sangat erat kaitannya dengan kemelimpahan nyamuk karena merupakan sarana berkembangbiaknya larva nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tempat perindukan vektor dengue dan status resistensinya terhadap insektisida organofosfat di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD di DIY. Sampling larva dan pengamatan tempat perindukan nyamuk dilakukan di Kelurahan Sorosutan, Kecamatan Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta dan Kelurahan Panjatan, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Nilai House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), dan Breteau Index (BI) diperoleh dari hasil survei karakterisasi tempat perindukan. Penetapan status resistensi dilakukan dengan uji biokemis terhadap nyamuk dewasa. Peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non-spesifik ditemukan pada nyamuk dari 2 RW di daerah endemis dan 4 dusun di daerah non endemis. Nilai HI, CI dan BI Kelurahan Sorosutan adalah sebesar 45 %, 21,95 %, dan 35, sedangkan Kelurahan Panjatan sebesar 6,31 %, 14 % dan 14. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik pada nyamuk di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD serta kepadatan dan penyebaran vektor DBD lebih tinggi di daerah endemis dibandingkan non endemis DBD.Kata kunci : DBD, nyamuk, endemis, status resistensi tempat perinduka
Mikrosporogenesis Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annuum L.) Akibat Cekaman Kekeringan
Full text linkCabai merupakan salah satu tanaman sayuran bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Beberapa wilayah marginal di Indonesia memiliki keterbatasan dalam ketersediaan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui mikrosporogenesis dan respons fisiologis tanaman cabai merah besar akibat cekaman kekeringan. Tahapan penelitian meliputi : 1) perkecambahan biji dan aklimatisasi; 2) perlakuan cekaman kekeringan (penyiraman setiap 1,3,5,7,hari sekali); 3) pengambilan sampel (bunga dan daun); 4) pembuatan preparat anatomi bunga; 5) analisis prolin dan klorofil; 6) uji viabilitas polen; 7) pengamatan mikrosporogenesis; 8) analisis data. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar prolin, kadar klorofil, mikrosporogenesis, dan uji viabilitas polen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan tidak mempengaruhi tahapan mikrosporogenesis, tetapi mikrosporogenesis berlangsung lebih awal daripada tanaman kontrol. Respons tanaman cabai terhadap cekaman kekeringan meliputi penurunan kadar prolin akar, penuruanan kadar klorofil daun, dan penurunan viabilitas polen.
POTENSI EKTRAK CACING LAUT Perinereis aibuhitensis SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan JAMUR Malassezia furfur
No full textPenyakit akibat infeksi mikroba semakin sering terjadi. Penelitian tentang potensi ekstrak cacing laut Perinereis aibuhitensis sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan jamur Malassezia furfur telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak cacing laut Perinereis aibuhitensis yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan pertumbuhan jamur Malassezia furfur. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak cacing laut yang menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 % dan diperlakukan pada kultur bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi ekstrak cacing laut 7.5%, 15%, 30% dan 60% memperlihatkan terbentuknya zona hambat pada media dengan lama inkubasi 1x24 jam dan 2x24 jam, dan memperlihatkan zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi ekstrak 60%. Demikian pula pada Jamur Malassezia furfur, terbentuk zona hambat pada konsentrasi ekstrak 7,5%;15%;30% dan 60%. Zona hambat terbesar terlihat pada konsentrasi ekstrak 60%. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak cacing laut Perinereis aibuhitensis berpotensi sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan jamur Malassezia furfur .Key Words: Perinereis aibuhitensis, antimikroba, Staphylococcus aureus, Malassezia furfu
KEANEKARAGAMAN, KEMELIMPAHAN, DAN DISTRIBUSI KATAK DAN KODOK (ORDO ANURA) DI WILAYAH KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA, SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
No full textSalah satu daerah dengan aktivitas manusia yang memiliki potensi sebagai habitat bagi amfibi adalah lingkungan kampus Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, kemelimpahan, dan pola distribusi amfibi di wilayah kampus UGM di awal hingga pertengahan 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pendataan Anura dengan teknik sampling VES (Visual Encounter Survey) disertai tagging lokasi, kemudian dilakukan morfometri dengan 13 parameter. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditabulasi.. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan meliputi lima species anggota ordo Anura yang terdiri dari Duttaphrynus melanostictus (familia Bufonidae) yakni sejumlah 253 individu, Polypedates leucomystax (familia Rhacophoridae) yaitu 149 individu, Kaloula baleata (familia Microhylidae) yaitu 20 individu, Chalcorana chalconota (familia Ranidae) yaitu 39 individu, dan Fejervarya cancrivora (familia Dicroglossidae) yaitu 1 individu. Pola distribusi secara luas didominasi oleh D. melanostictus
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERAGAMAN TUNGAU FAMILI Macrochelidae (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA) DAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN PADA MANUR AYAM PEDAGING DENGAN TIPE KANDANG PEMELIHARAAN BERBEDA
No full textLivestock of broiler chickens using several types of cages, including the type of litter stage and litter postal. Treatment of chicken manure in both types of cages will cause the condition of the manure as the habitat of mite family Macrochelidae will be different. The diversity of mites family Macrochelidae are suspected to be different in manure found on stage litter cages compared to litter postal cages and influenced by some environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the diversity of mites family Macrochelidae and its relation to environmental factors. The obtained manure sample was then taken to the laboratory and placed on a modified Barlese-Tullgren for mite isolation. The mites obtained are then counted, preserved, and identified at the Laboratory. Environmental factors measured are temperature and humidity. The diversity data obtained were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index and the Shannon-Evennes index. Pearson correlation test to determine the relationship between temperature and humidity to the diversity of mites of Macrochelidae family. Five species of mite Macrochelidae are Macrocheles sp.1, Macrocheles sp.2, Glyptholaspis sp., Neopodocinum sp., Holostaspella sp. The diversity index of mites family Macrochelidae on manure litter stage is 0.81354. The index diversity of mites on manure litter postal is 0.79871. The humidity factor influences the diversity of the mites of family Macrochelidae in both types of cages
KEANEKARAGAMAN KEPITING PADA EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI PERAIRAN NATUNA, KEPULAUAN RIAU
No full textABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the diversity of crabs in the mangrove ecosystems in Natuna waters, Riau Islands. The study was conducted on 23 October to 5 November 2014. The crabs were collected from eight research stations using random method, by putting a transect quadrant of 1 x 1 m2 on an area of 10 x 10 m2 area at each mangrove observation station. Results obtained 274 individuals, from 21 species, 11 genera and 8 families. Crabs of the family Sesarmidae most diverse with 8 specie: Clistocoeloma sp., Nanosesarma edamensis, Parasesarma leptosoma, Parasesarma sp1., Perisesarma cf. brevicristatum, Perisesarma semperi, Perisesarma sp1. and Sarmatium crassum. Based on quantitative analysis, the index value of diversity ranged from 0.932 – 2.028, with the highest value obtained at Cemaga Utara (St. NTNM02). The eveness index in the range of 0.579 - 0.881 with the highest eveness at Cemaga Selatan (St. NTNM01)
KEANEKARAGAMAN ECHINODERMATA (ECHINOIDEA DAN HOLOTHUROIDEA) DI PULAU BAKALAN, BANGGAI KEPULAUAN, SULAWESI TENGAH, INDONESIA
Full text linkThe coastal zone of Indonesia, especially in the eastern archipelago, is composed of typical tropical small island ecosystems such as estuaries, coral reefs, seagrass meadows, algal beds, and sandy beaches which are habitats of many groups of marine organisms including Echinoderms. The biodiversity of many small islands in this area was understudied, including Bakalan Island of Banggai Islands in Central Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of Echinoderms (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) in Bakalan Island. This study applied the purposive sampling technique with the 2 x 2 m quadrats were placed along a 100-meter transect with ten-meter intervals. There are nine species of echinoderms found in this study including Salmacis sphaeroides, Mespilia globulus, Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei, Diadema setosum, D. savigny, Echinothrix calamaris, Holothuria atra, and Synapta maculata. The first seven species belonging to the class Echinoidea while the latter two belong to the class Holothuroidea
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF TROPICAL DIATOM Thalassiosira spp. FROM TELUK BAHANG, PENANG
No full textThis study describes the morphological structure of Thalassiosira spp. found in coastal water and intertidal area of Teluk Bahang, Penang. Examination of the samples collected from January 2015 to June 2016 showed that these species were the common genera in both benthic and surface seawater at Teluk Bahang. To obtain phytoplankton samples, five liters of seawater were filtered through the plankton net (35 µm). While for benthic samples, the samples were collected at sediment surface of 1 mm depth. Samples of Thalassiosira spp. were obtained from both phytoplankton and benthic samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of Thalassiosira spp. Results from the SEM showed distinct differences in areolae pattern, sizes, position and number of processes among Thalassiosira spp. (Thalassiosira nanolineata, Thalassiosira densannula, and Thalassiosira gravida). Thalassiosira densannula and Thalassiosira nanolineata were found in both habitats, coastal and benthic area while Thalassiosira gravida was found only in coastal water. Thalassiosira spp. contribute approximately 15% of the total benthic community and approximately 35% of the total phytoplankton community
KONDISI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI LOKASI TIATIKI DAN NON-TIAITIKI, KAMPUNG TABLANUSU DISTRIK DEPAPRE KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
No full textDepapre Bay has large potential fisheries resources and very diverse that are still managed by the Tiaitiki system. Ironically, destructive fishing activities still occur. The coral ecosystems in Depapre Bay are still relatively under-studied mainly related to sustainable management. Condition of coral reef and reef fishes are the base aspect in management approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze coral reef and reef fishes condition of Tiatiki area and outside of Tiaitiki. The method used in this research is Point Intercept Transect (PIT) to identify coral condition, and Underwater Visual Cencus Method (UVC) for reef fishes observation. The results showed that lifeform conditions at 3-5 m of Tiaitiki area were "40,67% was moderate, dominated by Coral Branching, Flassy Micro Alga dan Coral Foliose; and at 10-13 m of Tiaitiki area were 50,00% was “good”. Lifeform conditions at 3-5 m of non-Tiaitiki area were "48,67% was moderate, dominated by Coral Branching, Coral Massive dan Flassy Micro Alga; and at 10-13 m of non-Tiaitiki area were 60,67% was “good”, dominated by Coral Branching, Acropora Branching, Acropora Tabulate, Acropora Encrusting dan Coral Foliose. In addition, at the all areas found rubbles is quite high at about 8-16,67%. Abundance of reef fishes in both areas is relatively the same, where in Tiaitiki area that are 372 individual at 3-5 m of depth and 114 individual at 10-13 m of depth, and Non-Tiaitiki area that are 262 individual at 3-5 m and 215 individual at 10-13 m
PENGARUH AIR REBUSAN DAUN MAMPELAS (Teteracera indica) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MOTORIK MENCIT
No full textPlants (Tetracera indica) commonly used by communities Musi North Rawas District for a variety of treatments. This study aims to see the effect of the use of leaf memelas to motor movement male mice. This research is true experimental with the design of Post-test only with control group design. 25 male mice divided into 5 groups. P0 was given 0 g leaf mampelas, P1 was given 2 g leaf mampelas, P2 was given 5 g leaf mampelas, P3 10 g leaves mampelas and P4 extra joss 10 mg. Treatment activities for 7 days. The calculation of motor motion is done by performing a series of tests with each of 3 repetitions, which consist of negative geotaxis test, swing test and swimming test. From the result of statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis test, it is known that the boiled leaf water does not affect the negative geotaxis test (0,33>0,05), does not affect the hanging test (0,57>0,05) and swimming endurance Based on the above data it can be concluded that boiling water does not affect the influence of motor activity of mice