Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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ANALISIS IN SILICO PERANCANGAN crRNA CRISPR DENGAN TARGET SEKUENS PENYANDI SQUALENE SYNTHASE PADA Artemisia annua Linn.
No full textArtemisinin adalah salah satu jenis fitofarmaka yang penting oleh karena beberapa potensi medisnya. Meskipun demikian, produktivitas Artemisia annua di Indonesia secara umum masih berkisar di bawah 0,5% sehingga secara komersial belum layak untuk dibudidayakan. Salah satu faktor utama yang menghambat produktivitas artemisinin adalah keberadaan gen SQS yang berkompetisi dengan gen ADS dalam penggunaan susbtrat farnesil difosfat. Kompetisi ini menurunkan kadar prekursor kunci bagi pembentukan senyawa artemisinin. Teknik penyuntingan genom CRISPR berbasis non-GMO dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengatasi hambatan ini. Mekanisme knockout yang disebabkan oleh sistem CRISPR pada gen SQS dapat menekan tingkat kompetisi substrat yang terjadi pada jalur biosintesis artemisinin sehingga diharapkan meningkatkan kadar artemisinin. Sebelum dilakukan transformasi secara in vitro, perlu dilakukan analisis in silico untuk pembuatan model crRNA sintetis. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan 2 jenis perangkat lunak berbasis bioinformatika yaitu E-CRISP dan CRISPRdirect untuk pelacakan on-target dan off-target. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan yang telah dilakukan, 10 desain crRNA sintetis berhasil dibentuk dengan model crRNA_F5 sebagai desain yang paling optimal. Model crRNA_F5 ini memiliki sekuens protospacer 5’- GGTGTAGTCAAATTGAGACG-3’ dan sekuens PAM 5’-TGG-3’. Pemilihan desain crRNA_F5 dipertimbangkan dari nilai efficacy sebesar 78.57, skor Doench dan skor Xu tertinggi, serta minimalisasi jumlah off-target pada sekuens 8mer pada jumlah 259. Model ini sama sekali tidak memiliki off-target pada sekuens 20mer dan 12mer
Faktor Risiko Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth pada Perajin Batu Bata di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Full text linkWorm infections are one of health problem in developing countries. The most infected worm parasite is the Soil-Transmitted Helminth group. The worm infected disease is generally associated with socioeconomic factors as well as clean and healthy living behaviour. Humans can be infected after ingesting food contaminated by worm eggs for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura or through skin penetration by hookworm infective larvae. The work type of brick making is closely related to STH infection because related to the soil as the main raw material of bricks. This study aims to determine the level of infection intensity, infection risk factors, and the main risk factors of STH infection in the brick maker in Central Java Province. This research is observational research using a cross-sectional design. The results of this study indicate that the degree of intensity of STH infection in brick maker in Central Java Province is categorized in mild infections with STH infecting worms, including Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm and mixed infection (Ascaris and Trichuris). Risk factors associated with STH infection in brick craftsmen in Central Java Province were knowledge of STH (OR: 4.7 in 95% CI 1.2 - 17.5; p = 0.022) and environmental Sanitation (OR: 7, 3 95% CI 1.9 - 27.5; p = 0.002). The main risk factor that has the most influence on STH infection in brick craftsman in Central Java Province is environmental sanitation (OR: 5,7 95% CI 1,5 - 22,0; p: 0,012)
Produksi Biolistrik menggunakan Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Lactobacillus bulgaricus dengan Substrat Limbah Tempe dan Tahu
Full text linkThe use of electricity in Indonesia with energy sources from fossils still dominates compared to other energy sources. Of the total power plant capacity in the country today, coal-fired steam power plants (PLTU) still dominate, namely 24,883 MW or 48% of the total domestic generating capacity of 52,231 MW. Fossil as a non-renewable fuel is produced continuously and will certainly run out. Development of renewable alternative energy is needed and the amount is not limited to being a renewable energy source. An alternative renewable energy source that has been developed to produce alternative electrical energy, one of which is a microbial fuel cell (MFC). This study aims to utilize Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria to metabolize waste water tofu and tempeh as a substrate in the MFC system to produce electrical energy. Research using tofu waste substrate has been carried out, but the use of tempe waste substrate has never been done, and the use of a mixture of waste substrate is not yet known. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) using L. bulgaricus in tofu waste produced a potential voltage with the highest yield of 282 mV and the number of bacterial cells reached 12.4 x 106 CFU / mL at the 5th hour incubation, whereas the mixture of tempeh and tofu waste produces a bioelectric potential of 274 mV at the 3rd hour incubatio
KARAKTERISASI KROMOSOM UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) POPULASI SIRATU DAN MAHAKAM
No full textGiant freshwater prawn is one of Indonesia's freshwater prawn that has advantages such as fast growth and good meat quality. The continuous crossing of giant freshwater prawn that are closely related causes a decrease in its genetic diversity. In addition, the domestication process can also influences changes in the number and shape of chromosomes. This study is to determine the chromosome characters of domestication giant freshwater prawn (Siratu) and those derived from natural catches (Mahakam) which are cultured in the Unit Kerja Budidaya Air Payau Balai Budidaya Udang Galah (UKBAP BBUG) Samas. Research on the characterization of chromosome of giant freshwater prawn from both natural and domesticated populations needs to be done to obtain genetic information, especially chromosome characters. This information is useful to further support the process of breeding and for the certification process of giant freshwater prawn. Chromosome length measurements were carried out using the Image Raster 3 program. The shape of the chromosomes was determined by following the classification of Levan et al. (1994) based on the Sentromer Index Value obtained. The results showed that the number of chromosomes in the population of Siratu and Mahakam were 2n = 118. The giant freshwater prawn of Siratu population had the karyotype formula 2n = 118 = 94 m + 24 sm, while the giant freshwater prawn Mahakam population had the karyotype formula 2n = 118 = 118 m
Several medicinal plants species which need enrichment planting
No full textPulai (Alstoniasp.), Kayumanis/Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii, Cinnamomum iners), Pakanangi/Kisereh (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon/Cinnamomum porrectum), Kulilawang (Cinnamomum halmaherae), Agarwood (Aquilaria sp., Gyrinops versteeghii and Gyrinopsis cumingiana), and Pasakbumi (Eurycoma Longifolia) are some of medicinal plants species which growing in plantation or natural forest. The exploitation to these species causes their existence to be scarce or almost not known, with the result that is needed a policy to save the existence of medicinal plants species. Industries of herbal medicine which exploit the raw material from nature need to build seedlings and enrichment area. The collaboration between medicinal industries with local people to build medicinal plants species plantation can be developed. This paper informs a field review of some medicinal plants species from several regions during the research activities in 2005 to 2009
Keragaman Isolat Khamir Osmofilik pada Madu Hutan dari Sulawesi Tengah Ditinjau Menggunakan Teknik RAPD
No full textHoney is a sweet substance with high sugar content produced by bees from flower nectar. Osmophilic yeast is one of organisms that can grow in honey because their ability to adapt in high osmotic pressure environment. Twenty-seven osmophilic yeast isolates were obtained from 11 forest honey samples to this research. This research objective is to determine the diversity of yeast isolates from genotypic characterization. Genotypic characterization was done using DNA fingerprint analysis using the RAPD PCR technique. This research used 2 types of primers, namely CDU primer (5′-GCGATCCCCA-3 ′) and M13 primer (5′-GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT-3 ′). Data in the form of electrophoregram are represented in table n (yeast strain) x t (character units) using binary scoring type. The data were analyzed using a numerical taxonomy method with similarity (OTU) and determined using Jaccard coefficient (SJ) in 70% of IS limit. The results of this research showed that 27 yeast isolates were divided into 2 clusters and 10 outliers with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.92462
Keanekaragaman Jenis Begonia dan Studi Populasi Begonia leuserensis HUGHES di Kawasan Hutan Blok Ketambe, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Aceh
Full text linkSebuah ekplorasi begonia Sumatera telah dilakukan untuk memprediksi populasi dan preferensi habitat B. leuserensis Hughes pada habitat alaminya di Gunung Ketambe, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Aceh. Deskripsi morfologi B. leuserensis dan jenis begonia lainnya yang ditemukan di kawasan tersebut dilakukan untuk melengkapi deskripsi morfologi yang udah ada. Pendugaan jumlah populai dilakukan menggunakan petak contoh sebanyak 20 petak, dengan ukuran 10x10M pada dua lokasi yang berbeda. Parameter lingkungan meliputi suhu, kelembaban udara, pH tanah, kelembaban tanah, dan intensita cahaya diukur pada setiap plot sampel. Ebanyak empat jenis Begonia ditemukan di Gunung Ketambe, yaitu B. flexula, B. laruei, dan B. verecunda yang tergolong ke dalam Begonia dataran rendah, sedangkan B. leuserensis tersebar pada ketinggian 850-1.250 m asl. Studi populasi menunjukkan bahwa pada kelimpahan rata-rata B. leuserensis di kawaan tersebut menvapai 210 individu/ha. Secara umum, uhu, pH tanah dan intensitas cahaya merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam kedu puluh petak contoh, selain ketinggian tempat yang membatasi persebaran B. leuserensis di zona submontana Gunung Ketambe
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KELOPAK BUAH DENGEN (Dillenia serrata Thunb.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
No full textAbstRactDillenia serrata (Dengen) is an endemic plant from Sulawesi and it has never been known for its benefit, especially as antibacterial herbs. Unripe Dengen’s fruit is enveloped by sepals, thus it is indicated to have antibacterial activity as a protection of fruit from destructive bacteria. This research aimed to determine the optimum inhibitory of Dengen fruit sepals extracts to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Fruit sepals were extracted with two solvents, which are polar and non-polar, namely methanol and n-hexane. The extraction was done by maceration. Compounds from methanol and n-hexane extracts were qualitatively measured using phytochemical test, such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid/steroid, and saponin. Methanol and n-hexane extracts were divided into three concentrations as treatments for antibacterial test namely 30, 60, and 90 % using disk diffusion method with five replications. The result of phytochemical test showed Dengen fruit sepals contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids/steroids and saponins. The extracts showed optimum inhibitory effect to E. coli which was obtained at 90 % of methanol extract with 0.495 cm inhibitory zone diameter. While, the optimum inhibitory effect to S. aureus was obtained at 90 % of n-hexane extract with 0.54 cm of inhibitory zone diameter. Key words: Dengen fruit sepals, antibacterial, maceration, phytochemical, disk diffusion metho
POLLEN STORAGE AND VIABILITY OF TWELVE CITRUS GENOTYPES IN BALI, INDONESIA
No full textThe aim of this research was to obtain a method for pollen storage of Citrus species in Bali. Pollen from 12 Citrus genotypes was collected from five different regions; Petang, Plaga, Kintamani, Besakih, and Payangan Village. Pollen from intact anthers were stored at three different storage temperatures, i.e., 25oC (room temperature), 4oC (refrigerator), and -20oC (freezer), with or without oven dried at 40oC for 20 hours before storage. Pollen viability was determined using in vitro germination test. Germination media contained 20 g/l sucrose and 8 g/l agar. Result shows that -20oC was the best storage temperature. At this temperature, only slight reduction of pollen viability after 2 months storage. Storage at room temperature (25oC – 30oC) was not effective; pollen was infected with fungus within a week of storage. Oven dried pre-treatment before storage made better performance on pollen stored at 4oC. Pollen moisture content decreased after oven dried, which also decreased fungus infection. Storage of pollen is an important aspect to plant breeding programs, when individuals to be hybridized do not flower at the same time or are geographically separated. This is the first report on pollen storage and viability of Citrus genotypes grown in Bali.
AKTIVITAS ENZIM SELULASE, AMILASE, DAN INVERTASE PADA TANAH PERTANIAN DARI DUSUN KRANGKENG, JAWA TENGAH
No full textCellulase, amylase and invertase enzymes are included in the hydrolysis enzime group which plays the role in the transformation and decomposition of organic material, biochemical reaction and nutrients cycle in the ground. There is limited information about the influence of plants above the ground toward the activities of those three enzymes in Indonesia. The activities of those three enzymes have been examined on the farmland with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), chicory (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), chili (Capsicum annum), and leek (Allium fistulosum). This study shows that there is an influence of plants above the ground toward the activities of celluloid and invertase enzymes (below ground) (p0,05). Besides, there is a positive correlation between the enzymes activities and the abiotic factors such as ground organic material, pH and soil moisture (