Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Compensatory Growth and Feed Utilization of Humpback Grouper, Cromileptes altivelis Receiving Preset Period of Unfed-Fed Cycle
Get PDFThe effect of preset periods of unfed-fed cycle on growth, feed efficiency and body condition indices of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis was studied. The fish receiving non-feeding/feeding cycle of 1/2 day (T1); 1/2 and 3 days alternately (T2); 1/3 day (T3); were compared to that fed daily as a control (C). Each feeding treatment was assigned to five fiberglass tanks according to a completely randomized design. All fish was weighed to obtain final weight gain at the end of the experiment. Feeding rate (FR) was calculated during feeding period throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment all fish was weighed to obtain final fish weight. Absolute growth rate (AGR); survival; consumption; cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were calculated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test (P<0.05). The results showed that humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis receiving preset unfed-fed cycle elicited compensatory growth and the fish showed hyperphagia and greater feed conversion efficiency
Aplikasi Paklobutrazol dan KNO3 untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Bunga Potong Anggrek Dendrobium ‘Sarifah Fatimah’
Get PDFA study on the effect of interactions between paclobutrazole and KNO3 application on the quality and quantity of Dendrobium ‘Sarifah Fatimah’ orchid cutflower was conducted. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) employing two factors, i.e. paclobutrazole doses (100, 150, 200 ppm) and KNO3 doses (100, 200, and 300 ppm), replicated three times respectively providing 27 experimental units. The results showed that paclobutrazole and KNO3 application had significant effect on the reproductive parameters. To accelarate flowering and higher quality and quantity of the flowers, paclobutrazole of 100 ppm were applied at 2 and 5 weeks after adaptation combined with KNO3 of 100 ppm applied twice at interval of 3 weeks after paclobutrazole application could be given.
Peanut Mottle Virus (Ptmtv) Contamination on Peanut Seeds Collected from Several Locations and Its Elimination by Hot Water Treatment
Get PDFThe following observations on the seemingly prevalent occurrence of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed contaminations by PtMtV virus in the surrounding area of Palu, Central Sulawesi were conducted to determine the level of seed contamination and whether hot water treatment can be used to eliminate PtMtV virus from the seeds. Peanut seeds were collected from a number of locations and after soaking them in unheated water (29C) and heated water (55, 60 and 65C) for 10 minutes they were allowed to germinate, then transplanted and grown in pots in screen house. The effects of hot treatments on seed germinability, leaf formation, frequency of infection on surviving plants, and plant biomass production were determined. Seeds soaked in heated water showed different germinability, grew to become plants with different leaf formation and plant biomass production. Heat treatments gave different frequencies of infection on the plants. However, not a single heat treatment gave satisfactorily results in terms of giving zero or low infection and at the same time giving desirable seed germinability, leaf number, and plant biomass. The prospect of using hot water treatment at 55C or lower with longer soaking duration as a method for PtMtV virus elimination from peanut seeds is discussed
Metode Alternatif Penyimpanan Udang Segar dengan Nisin dari Lactococcus lactis sebagai Pengawet Alami
Get PDFNisin is a Lactococus lactis metabolite, one of natural preservatives against microbes. The antimicrobial inhibition is influenced by its concentration and contact time with the targeted microbes. The aim of the study was to know the concentration of L. lactis extract and optimal time of soaking the growing shrimp bacterial in refrigerator temperature for nine days. This study was conducted experimentally applying factorial design. The first factor was soaking duration, i.e. 0 minute (P0), 30 minutes (P1), 60 minutes (P2), and 90 minutes (P3), while the second factor was concentration levels of metabolite of L. lactis extract. The results showed that the metabolite has an inhibitory effect on shrimp bacterioal in dosed dependent way. The best performance of inhibition was detected at 60 minute-soaking duration
Profil Avifauna dalam Ekosistem Urban Kota Denpasar
Get PDFThe objective of this survey was to estimate species richness and abundance of avifauna in several main habitats in urban ecosystem at Denpasar City. For these purposes 18 urban areas consisting of three types of habitats, i.e. mangrove forest, rice field, and city parks (including garden and shrub) were selected. The point count method was applied to observe birds with three-time observation in the respective urban area. Thirty-six species of birds were recorded and seven bird species were met once with one individual only. Based on Jackknife index, probably 43 bird species have been living in urban ecosystem at Denpasar City. There were five species belonging to common birds yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiaver), spotted dove (Streptophelia chinensis), bar-winged prinia (Prinia familiaris), scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata), and olive-backed sunbird (Nectaria jugularis) which tend to live in all types of urban areas. Variance analysis showed that both Simpson (F2:17=6.330;P=0.010) and Shannon-Wiener (F2:17=12.870;P=0.001) diversity indeces of birds in mangrove forest were significantly different from those in rice field and city park. Profil of avifauna in mangrove forest is better than that in rice field and city parks
Uji Antimikroba Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa) terhadap Bakteri dan Jamur Penyebab Penyakit pada Ternak Unggas
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to determine the activity of pearl grass (rumput mutiara, Hedyotis corymbosa) in inhibiting growth of bacterial and fungi causing diseases in poultry.The current study used 3000 gram of sorted and cleaned pearl grass from dust and other weeds. This study employed sample collection, extraction, fractionation, preparation of medium of Agar and Mueller Hinton Broth, culturing bacterial, antimicrobial test and measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations. Extraction was conducted by maceration of pearl grass with methanol for five days followed by evaporating in vacuo to get methanol extract. The extract was then fractionated by adding hexane or acetic acid and ethyl acetic or sodium bicarbonate or n-buthanol to get fraction of hexsane, acid ethyl acetic, base ethyl acetic, n-buthanol. Each fraction was then tested with microbial test that were Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The results showed that each fraction at 2 % of concentration could inhibit bacterial growth except for Candida albicans that was not inhibited by any fraction of pearl grass. The minimum inhibitory concentrations was 0.4 – 0.8% (4 mg/ml – 8 mg/ml) indicating that pearl grass fractions were highly active on inhibiting bacterial growth that cause poultry diseases and the inhibiting activity on E. coli was found higher than that on Salmonella sp
Pengaruh Keberadaan Sistem Budidaya Ikan dalam Jaring Apung terhadap Tingkat Trofik Perairan Waduk Mrica Banjarnegara
Get PDFOrganic waste from aquaculture discharged into the aquatic ecosystem can cause negative impact of this water. The occurrence of one or more plankton blooming has a toxic to other aquatic organisms including fish cultured. The purpose of this research was to know the influence of floating nets fish farming to the trophic level of the Mrica Reservoir based on the diversity of plankton. This research used a survey method in three stations (1) inlet area (2) inside/near the location of the floating net (3) outlet area. The sampling was conducted 4 times during a month (August) with interval of a week. The major parameters were the concentration of nutrients (N dan P) and the abundance of plankton. The supporting parameters were the BOD, DO and carbon dioxide concentration, pH, temperature and light penetration. The t analysis was used to compare whether there was any difference of nutrients load among the stations. The diversity index was calculated to evaluate the quality of the ecosystem based on The Water Quality Standard followed by calculation of Saprobic Coefficient to know the trophic level of the ecosystem. The results of this research showed that the occurrence of floating nets fish farming resulted in the increased of nutrients load, and consequently the trophic level of this ecosystem is in b-meso/oligosaphrobik (light pollution). Ceratium sp dominated the Mrica Reservoir
Somatic Embryogenesis Formation from Immature Male Flower of Banana cv. Nangka
Get PDFThe plantain banana (cultivar nangka) is among the most valued crop plants in the tropical world. However, the commercially attainable yields are very low compared to other food crops. Somatic embryogenesis has the great potential for rapid and efficient regeneration of plantlets and offers opportunities for large-scale production of plant material. Genetic modification on embryogenic structure offers the opportunity to add desirable gene characteristic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different medium combination for the induction and optimization of embryogenic formation from immature male flowers. The explants of inflorescence was sampled one month after bunch emergence and approximately 15-20 cm below the last female flower hand. Response of explants and percentage of inflorescence clusters forming nodular callus were recorded and noted. Result of the experiment showed that embryogenic callus could be induced from immature male flowers. The initiation of callus indicated of flower cluster responded to form globular embryogenic callus (49.7% ± 5.2), whereas the percentage of flower cluster responding to form nodular callus was 39.2 % ± 5.3. The highest response of explants forming nodular callus was from flower of rows 12 and 13 (60%)
Perilaku Tumbuh Kantong Semar (Nepenthes mirabilis Druce) di Habitat Alaminya, Taman Nasional Kutai, Kalimantan Timur
Get PDFNepenthes mirabilis has been widely known as an insectivorous plant species. A study on the growing behaviour of N. mirabilis in Teluk Kaba, Kutai National Park has been carried out. As many as approximately 840 individuals consisting of 307 rosettes and 533 mature plants were found. Variation in tendril’s position was observed in nine rosettes plants and in 22 mature plants. On the other hand, variations in leaf colour appeared in eight individuals. Variations in colour of pitcher and tendril were found in 17 individuals. The natural habitat of N. mirabilis was very specific, and it was also noted that 13 species were assosiated with this plant species. Further result will be discussed in this paper
Pengaruh iradiasi ultraviolet (254 nm) terhadap pelemahan kemampuan menginfeksi mirasidium Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFThe controlling of fascioliasis has not been satisfying so far, since the effort of breaking off the fluke life cycle often leads to resistance. The resistance is due to the synchronization between the parasites and their snail host and high infection ability of the parasites enabling them to finish their life cycle. Ultraviolet irradiation provides alternative approach possibly applied to cope with the resistance. The objectives of this research were to know the ability of F. gigantica miracidium in infecting Lymnaea sp. at various ages and to determine time exposure of ultraviolet (254 nm) effectively reducing the ability of miracidium infection. The results indicated that susceptible age of Lymnea javanica is five weeks old, while the most effective time exposure of ultraviolet (254 nm) in weakening the ability of Fasciola gigantica miracidium infection to L. javanica is 60 seconds (P < 0,05). At the moment the study on reinfection effect of F. gigantica miracidium on the immunity of L. javanica is still in progress