Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Perancangan Primer Oligonukleotida untuk Polimerisasi in Vitro Gen Sukrosa Sintase
Get PDFThe most important problems in using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the efficiency of energy, cost and time due to gene amplification. Oligonucleotide primer design of sucrose synthase gene was conducted as a model of preliminary experiment to amplify gene using PCR. In plant cells, this gene plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, a sucrose molecule break down into glucose. This design involved some computer software as bioinformatics tools. Five data sequences of legumes were downloaded from gene bank using accession number of AF030231, AJ311496, X92378, X69773, and D10266 belongs to soybean, pea, alnus bean, fava bean, and mung bean, respectively. After sequences alignment, some conservative regions were determined as the basis to construct forward and reverse primer candidates. Furthermore, the candidates were tested for compatibility. The results showed that the oligonucleotide primers can amplify sucrose synthase gene with ± 1462 bp fragment size using 5’-AACTTTgTgCTTgA-3’ and 5’-TCCTTTgACTCCTTC-3’ for forward and reverse primer, respectively. Even the PCR process weren’t applied, those primers might be universal primers to amplify sucrose synthase gene of legume plants
Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Isolat 23 Ducc Serta Kemampuannya dalam Memproduksi Enzim Inulinase
Get PDFInulinase has a capacity to convert inulin into fructose hence it could be used in high fructose syrup production. Inulinase is not readily available in Indonesian market. This enzyme could be obtained from thermotolerant yeast found in Dahlia variabilis. Therefore this study was conducted to identify inulinolytic yeast in D. variabilis. The results showed that an inulinolytic yeast isolate 23 DUCC from D. variabilis tubers was found. The inulinolitic yeast produces inulinase (E.C.3.2.1.7). Based on the identification and determination, the isolate is known to be Kluyveromyces marxianus. The best optimation condition for this yeast was as follows: concentration of carbon source (inulin) was 0.75%, pH was 5.5 and time of fermentation was 53 hours. In such condition K. marxianus produced inulinase up to 0.6481 IU
Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat (fly ash) untuk Mencegah Cemaran Mikrobiologis dan Kimiawi Sampah Kota pada Ekosistem Rawa
Get PDFThe research on the utilization of solid waste (fly ash) has been conducted to avoid the further effect of microbial and of the municipality solid waste in the wetland ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to utilize the fly ash, the solid waste of the PLTU industry, as protective layer (geosynthetic liners/GCLs) at waste disposal areas in order to avoid microbial and chemical pollution to the environment. During the research, ponds with 6x6x4 m in size was added with GCLs (layer of 30 sacs of fly ash 25 kg/sac at each 2 meters of pile waste) and a control pond. The result shows that fly ash with the composition of SiO2 (42,92 %) and AlO2 (29,45%) can be utilized as a protective layer (geosynthetic liners), because after 3 weeks it can minimize the contamination of bacteria (total decrease of coliform bacteria > 50%) to the environment, and also reduce some toxic compound, especially heavy metal such as Pb (30,1%) and Cu (43,54%), and the content of nitrate (32,1%). Hence fly ash has economic and ecological values as a protection layer at the solid waste disposal area to avoid the environmental contamination of bacteria’s and chemicals
Peran Hormon Kortisol dalam Osmoregulasi Ikan Sidat, Anguilla bicolor, pada Lingkungan Bersalinitas
Get PDFThe osmoregulatory capacity of Anguilla bicolor in the sea water is influenced by hormonal activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the influence of cortisol on osmoregulation of the eel at the different levels of salinity medium. An experimental method with six treatments on randomized completely design was used in this study. The treatments were (1) fish acclimated at water salinity 15 ppt without hormone injection; (2) fish acclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt without hormone injection; (3) fish acclimated at water salinity of 15 ppt and injected with 4 µg cortisol/gr body weight; (4) fish acclimated at water salinity 15 ppt and injected with 8 µg cortisol/gr body weight; (5) fish aclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt and injected with 4 µg cortisol/g body weight; (6) fish acclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt and injected with 8 µg cortisol/g body weight. All of the treatments were replicated four times. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference. The results showed that the cortisol has significant effect (P.05) if the acclimation increased. Osmoregulatory capacity on medium of 15 ppt and 30 ppt were influenced by cortisol treatment at 6 hours acclimation (P.05). Water body content was not influenced by cortisol treatment (P>.05) at all medium acclimation. At six hour acclimation, treatment cortisol has significant difference (P.05) on treatment cortisol. Cortisol injection has no significant difference (P>.05) on plasma glucose on all medium and only on 7 days aclimation, the plasma glucose has significant difference (P<.05) after injected by cortisol. It could be concluded that cortisol treatment has a role on eel osmoregulation at early acclimation. Haematocrite account was also influenced by cortisol injection, but only at the early acclimation. Water body content, blood glucose and total body energy were not influenced by cortisol
Identification of Sponge-Associated Bacteria with Antibacterial Property against Staphylococcus aureus based on Molecular Approach
Get PDFStaphylococcus aureus is among human pathogens which are known to be resistant to almost clinically significant antibiotics that causes a crisis, in the treatment and management of infectious disease, and also presents a clear danger to the future of public health. Recently, invertebrate-associated microorganisms have become the target of the search for marine microbial natural products. Sponge-associated microorganisms are one of the most interesting natural product sources because they produce bioactive natural products including polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. Molecular approach based on 16S rDNA has been very successful in the identification and the search of secondary metabolite-producing microorganisms, particularly by using specific degenerated primers, for the detection of Polyketide Synthases (PKS) and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPS) gene fragments that are essential for the biosynthesis of bioactive products. Four bacterial isolates from sponge Dysidea sp. were found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. However, only the best two isolates were selected for further identification and screening for the presence of either PKS or NRPS. The results revealed that both isolates BSP5.11 and BSP11.7 have 99% homology with Alpha proteobacterium. PCR analysis of PKS and NRPS gene fragments showed that they both amplified the NRPS but not the PKS gene fragments
Budidaya Ikan Kerapu (Serranidae) pada Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA)
Get PDFGroupers are commercial fish belonging to Serranidae family. Some species such as barramundi cod (Cromileptes altivelis) and flowery cod (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) have been cultured in floating net cages. This study was carried out to determine the growth rate in terms of length and weight of both species as well as water quality of coastal Kombal Bay, West Pemenang Village, West Lombok. The results showed that the growth rate of both species was approximately the same as each other. Nevertheless, the weight increase of flowery cod seemed to be slightly faster than that of barramundi cod. Water quality in the location of the fish culture supported sufficiently the growth of both grouper species
Genetic Variability in the Indonesian Giant Clam (Tridacna crocea and Tridacna maxima) Populations: Implication for Mariculture and Restocking Program
Get PDFTridacna crocea and T. maxima are relatively abundant in the Indonesian coral reef. These two species are, however, under high presure due to exploitation for food, industry, and aquarium trade. It is, therefore, necessary to understand their biology, such as genetic variability within and between populations, before utilizing them for strain improvement and restocking, prior to the extinction of the populations of T. crocea and T. maxima. Here we amplified a length of 456 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from Tridacna crocea and of 484 bp from T. maxima to asses the genetic variability within and between populations of both species. The results showed that both species have high genetic diversity and polymorphism within each local population. This provides a sufficient basis for selection of improved strain of T. crocea and T. maxima for mariculture. However, if the genetic variation led to genetic differentiation among populations due to the result of evolutionary adaptation, mixing genetically different populations may result in the break up of co-adaptation gene complexes. This might result in the loss of the physiological capacities of the parental populations
Fauna Krustasea di Perairan Kepulauan Anambas, Propinsi Kepulauan Riau
Get PDFObservation of crustacean fauna in Anambas Islands waters was conducted from 20 May to 4 June 2002. The selected locations were Ranap Island, Matak Island, Pemutus Island, Akar Island, and Jemaja Island. The aim of this study was to know the diversity and evenness of the crustacean species. Sampling was conducted by applying quadrant transect and other collections. Forty one species of crustaceans, representing 14 families, were collected from those selected locations including 23 species that were collected from transect area. The results showed that diversity index of the crustacean fauna was 0.65 to 0.98 and species evenness was 0.85 to 0.98. Based on the species diversity index, all those selected locations could be said as having low diversity
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to find out the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the growth medium of tomato plant toward fusarial wilt and to determine effective concentration and time of application of the extract to control the wilt. Experiments arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for in vitro antimicrobial assay and in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for in planta antimicrobial assay, both of which were to find out the inhibitory effect of the extract on colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht). f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. et Hans. (Fol). The results indicated that neem leaf extract concentration of 5% applied at 7 DAP (Day After Planting) was the most effective treatment in inhibiting disease intensity of fusarial wilt on tomato plant showing inhibitory effect of up to 89.32%
Pembuatan Perpustakaan Genom Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Kultivar Lumut di dalam Fag Lambda
Get PDFGenomic library of soybean cv. Lumut had been constructed in l phage vector. Partial digestion of total DNA by 0.014 units Sau3AI per mg DNA at 37oC for 30 minutes gave long fragment DNA. Ligation between insert DNA and l vector with molarity ratio of insert DNA to l vector = 2.9 : 1 followed by phage packaging, resulted in the titer of 2.8x104 to 3.6x105 pfu for 0.5 mg insert plant DNA. Among them, 60 to 91% were recombinants depending on packaging extract protein. By using 1 mg insert plant DNA and packaging extract protein from Stratagene, we obtained 6.6x105 pfu recombinant. Since the length of insert DNAs in l recombinant phages were 15 kb in average and the genome size of diploid soybean was 2.23x106 kb and 90% of the genom was present in 2 copies, then the genomic library constructed had contained all genome of soybean cv. Lumut