Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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KERAGAMAN SERANGGA PENYERBUK PADA PERTANAMAN STRAWBERY YANG DISELINGI DENGAN TANAMAN Borreria laevicaulis
Get PDFThe productivity of strawberry (Fragaria sp.) depends on the presence of pollinator insects that need nectar or pollen as their food. The diversity and the population size of pollinator insects can be increased by the companion planting of Borreria laevicaulis among the strawberry. This research aimed to determine the diversity of pollinator insects of strawberry plantation companion by B. laevicaulis and to determine the relationship between the diversity of pollinator insects with the strawberry fruit produced. This research was conducted in the strawberry plantation of Serang Village, of the District Karangreja, Purbalingga, from June to August 2012. The research was designed to determine the effect of companion planting of B. laevicaulis at the 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total individuals of strawberry. The results showed that the companion planting of B. laevicaulis in the strawberry field did not affect the species diversity of pollinator insects. But the B. laevicaulis companion planting affected the amount of strawberry yielded. The maximum yield was obtained by planting B. laevicaulis at the 10% of the strawberry individuals; it was increased by 76.12% of the control without companion planting
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN IBA DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK Sansevieria cylindrica var. patula
Get PDFSansevieria is an ornamental plant commonly known as mother-in-law's tongue, devil's tongue, and snake tongue. It has many functions e.g. uses as medicine, its fiber for the textile industry, and as indoor air pollutants absorber. However, the growth of Sansevieria is slow. Therefore the supply of it seeds in large quantities in the short time was difficult. The use of Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) was one solution to accelerate the propagation of Sansevieria leaf cuttings. This study aimed to determine the concentration of IBA and the composition of media to increase the leaf cuttings propagation of Sansevieria cylindrica var. patula. The method was randomized block design with factorials. Factor I was the IBA concentrations comprised of K0 at 0 ppm, K1 at 50 ppm, K2 at 100 ppm, K3 at 150 ppm, and K4 at 200 ppm. Factor II was the ratio of manure:sand:rice-husk-ash as the growth media, comprised of M1 with 1:1:1 ratio, M2 with 1:2:1 ratio, and M3 with 1:1:2 ratio respectively. Each with three replicates overall was 45 experimental units. The parameters observed were a percentage of propagated cuttings, the number of roots, the longest length of roots, the number of shoots. The results showed the IBA could not increase the growth of cuttings in all media composition; however media compositions could enhance the number of shoots. The effective media composition propagated the cuttings was the M1 a 1:1:1 ratio of manure:sand:rice-husk-ash
KARAKTERISASI BEBERAPA STRAIN GURAMI Osphronemus gouramy Lac. MENGGUNAKAN MARKA RAPD
Get PDFGiant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramy Lac. is a popular fish species in Indonesia, especially in Java and Sumatera as this freshwater fish species has a high economic value of stable price. Fish farmers in Bogor divide giant gouramy into six strains based on egg productivity, growth rate, and maximum weight of the adult. They are soang, jepang, blue saphire, paris, bastar, and porselin. These various strains lead to the need of study on the genetic relationship among them, which can be performed by the use of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker. This study aims to determine primers producing consistent and polymorphic RAPD markers, determine specific RAPD markers, and know the genetic relationship among several giant gouramy strains. The strains used in this study are soang, jepang, and blue saphire. Survey method was applied employing purposive random sampling technique. Total genomic DNA was isolated using Genjettm genomic DNA purification kit (Fermentas), which was then used as template to amplify RAPD markers with primers OPA-07, OPA-09, OPA-11, OPA-20, OPAH-01, OPAH-08, OPAH-09, and OPAC-14. The variables examined were patterns and numbers of specific DNA fragments as the PCR amplification products. Selected primers were determined descriptively on the basis of specific DNA bands appearing on the agarose gel. Genetic diversity was predetermined by changing qualitative band pattern into quantitative binnary data. Genetic relationship was analyzed using cladistic method with PAUP software. The results showed that only five of the eight primers produce consistent and polymorphic RAPD markers, i.e. OPA-11, OPA-20, OPAH-1, OPAH-8, and OPAH-9. Specific RAPD markers which can be used to distinguish several gouramy strains are those amplified with OPA-20 of 786 bp, OPA-20 of 1,176 bp, OPAH-8 of 1,000 bp and OPAC-14 of 1,607 bp. Nervertheless, it was found that RAPD markers cannot be used to clearly determine genetic relationship among gouramy strains
STUDI KOMUNITAS RUMPUT LAUT PADA BERBAGAI SUBSTRAT DI PERAIRAN PANTAI PERMISAN KABUPATEN CILACAP
Get PDFSeaweed naturally grows in substrate of sand, mixing between sand, mud and shell fragments, and also coral. Previous researches stated that there were types of seaweed that able to grow in more than one substrates. The aims of this research was to know the community structure such as diversity, domination, evenness, and similarity of seaweed on various substrates in Permisan beach, Central java. This research used survey method and samples were randomly selected for each substrate with quadrate of 1 x 1 m2. The research found that 20 kinds of seaweeds with biomass for about 4,669 g. Seven kinds of seaweed that grow in sand substrate with biomass for about 0,636 g, 20 kinds of seaweed in coral substrate with biomass for about 2,399 g, and 12 kinds of seaweeds in mixing substrate with biomass for about 1,634 g. Diversity index value in Permisan beach was ranging between 0,064-0,828 and categorized as low. Domination index value was ranging between 0,213-1,193, which means there was dominating variety. Evenness index value was ranging between 0,021-0,276, which means the community was unstable. The highest similarity index value was coral substrate-mixing for about 75%
Efek Antimitosis Biomutagen dari Tanaman Kembang Sungsang (Gloriosa superba L.) pada Pembelahan Sel Ujung Akar Kecambah Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFFlame lily (Gloriosa superba L.) is one of the plants containing colchicine, often used as antimitotic compound, in the whole organ. This study aims to gain the combination of extract source and extract concentration of G. superba capable of inhibit mitosis in root tip cells of chili sprouts. The plant is extracted using the extraction and dilution methods to determine the extract concentration of the treatment. The squash method is used to make a mitosis preparation. The study is arranged in a factorial using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The first factor is extract source: roots, stems, and leaves. The second factor is the extract concentration: 0, 20.40, 60, and 80%. The observation shows that the extract of leaf can inhibit mitosis more than exctract of bulbs and roots. All of the concentration treatment from all extract sources tend to result in similar mitotic index, but significantly different from cells that are not given treatment. The combination of the source extract and concentration of the extract result in varied mitotic index, but it is obvious that the leaf extract with a concentration of 80% gives the most inhibiting mitosis index: 1.298%
Kajian Kualitas Air dan Penentuan Status Mutu Air Rawa Bendungan Cilacap
Get PDFRawa Bendungan is one of the water resources which is open for public. This condition has caused excessive utilization and ignorance of sustainability. Fishery waste, the tofu industry, cow farm, and agriculture around Rawa Bendungan have led to the decrease in water quality and endanger the sustainability of ecological functions and benefits of Rawa Bendungan. The aims of this study was to find out the condition of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters and to determine the quality status of Rawa Bendungan. Parameters of physical, chemical, and biological were analyzed descriptively. Determination of water quality status by STORET analysis. The average yield measurements of physico-chemical parameters include transparency (25.67-68 cm), TSS (34-66.67 mg/l), temperature (28-31 °C), pH (6-7), dissolved oxygen (2.47-7.47 mg/l), free CO2 (3.23-8 mg/l), BOD5 (1.53-14.53 mg/l), COD (24-85.33 mg/l), ammonia (0.0903-0.1803 mg/l), nitrite (0.0094-0.0997 mg/l), nitrate (0.8125-3.5072 mg/l), and orthophosphate (0.0265-0.1460 mg/l). Phytoplankton community consists of 48 species of Chlorophyta (191,808 ind/l; 47.26%), 29 species of Chrysophyta (105,948 ind/l; 25.98%), 8 species of Cyanophyta (64,152 ind/l; 15.73%), and 12 species of Euglenophta (44,712 ind/l; 10.96%). Rawa Bendungan waters are included in the category of heavily polluted by tofu industry and agriculture waste, moderately polluted by fishery waste, and lightly polluted by cow farm waste
ANALISIS RAPD KECIPIR POLONG PANJANG Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC HASIL MUTASI IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA
Get PDFWinged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC] is a tropical plant that has some benefits and is very suitable to be cultivated in Indonesia. Study about diversity of winged bean is very important to support the future development of winged bean. Increased genetic diversity can be done through mutation. Gamma ray is often used for inducting mutations. One of way to observe genetic diversity resulted by molecular mutation is using RAPD method. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of winged bean resulted by gamma ray irradiation. The method used in this study was an experiment by using RAPD technique. Samples used were plant leaves that had been induced by gamma ray with a wavelength of 20 Gy, 25 Gy, and control plants that were not induced by gamma ray. RAPD were done by ten primers that were OPA 9, OPA 10, OPA 13, OPA 18, OPB 2, 3 OPB, OPB 6, 7 OPB, OPB 10, and OPB 11. Data were analyzed using GenAlex 6.1 Program. The percentage of polymorphic loci of winged bean population control was 47,54%, while in the 20 and 25 Gy treatment were 62,30% and 54,10%, respectively. The values of genetic variation based on the calculation of allele frequencies were 0,236; 0,202 and 0,194 for treatment of 20 Gy, 25 Gy and for control plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the value of genetic distance ranged from 0.08 to 0.32
AKTIVITAS GLUTATION PEROKSIDASE DAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK DAUN KAPULAGA (Amomum cardamomum)
Get PDFOxidative stress in a patient with diabetes known to decrease the activity of GSH-PX and increase the level of blood glucose. Glibenclamide is commonly used by patients with diabetes to lower the blood glucose. However, the long-term use of glibenclamide may induce the damage of pancreatic β-cells. The extract containing flavonoids and vitamin C of cardamoms leaf can reduce free radicals. The effect of cardamoms leaf extract on the enzymes activity and the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardamoms leaf extract administration in the GSH-PX activities and the level of blood glucose of diabetic rats. The method used in this study was experimental with completely randomized design (CRD). There were three groups with five replicates for each. The first group, diabetic rats as control group were given no treatment; the second group, diabetic rats were given cardamoms leaf extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight; the third group, the diabetic rat were given glibenclamide at the dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight. Blood samples were taken three times at 0, 7, and 14 days after each treatment. Parameters measured were GSH-PX activity and the level of blood glucose. The data were analyzed using ANOVA F-test with a confidence level of 95%. The result of this study showed that the cardamoms leaf extract treatment decreased the activity of GSH-PX activity and decreased the level of blood glucose at a significant level (p < 0.05) from 278.8 to 101.4 mg/dl
DIVERSITAS DAN DISTRIBUSI IKAN DI SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP
Get PDFFish is one of the aquatic commodities with significant economic value, and Segara Anakan areas is a habitat for valuable fishes for local fisherman. Segara Anakan is a eutrophic waters and serves as nursery and spawning ground and also provide an optimal environment for several species fish larvae to grow, either sedentary or migratory species. Therefore it is suggested that diverse species inhabit Segara Anakan and different part of those areas has different species because different species commonly exhibit different habitat preferences. The objectives of this research were to determine the diversity and spatial distribution of fish species in Segara Anakan Cilacap. This research was a survey with the Cluster Random Sampling was implemented as sampling technique. Species diversity was analyzed descriptively, as well as the spatial distribution. The relationships between environmental parameters and spatial distribution were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, and water DO were measured. The result showed that Stolephorus indicus was the most dominant species in Segara Anakan. The spatial distribution of fishes in every sampling station was found fluctuated. The environmental factors and fish were found highly correlated
KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAHAN PANGAN SECARA TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN PEKUNCEN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Get PDFPeople can’t detached from plants in fulfilling their needs, such as plant as food additives. This study aimed to know the types and parts of plants as food additives, and its benefits, as well as its utilization by people of Pekuncen District Banyumas Regency. This research used survey method with purposive random sampling and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicated 34 species of 19 familia plants used as food additives. The part of plants used as food additives were tubers, rhizomes, seeds, stems, leaves and fruits. Food additive plants were utilized as flavor enhancer, natural dye, preservatives and acid flavor. The plants were utilized by cooking, cuting, crushing, shredding, grinding, "dikeprek", roasting, boiling, and marinating