Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Analisis Kuantitatif Mikrobiologi Serbuk Minuman Fungsional Lintah Laut (Discodoris sp.) pada Suhu yang Berbeda Selama Penyimpanan
Full text linkPertumbuhan mikroba yang tidak diinginkan menunjukkan bahwa didalam produk pangan telah terjadi kontaminasi dari luar ataupun karena proses pengolahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah mikroba yang ada pada serbuk minuman fungsional lintah laut (Discodoris sp.) pada suhu yang berbeda (30 °C, 35 °C dan 45 °C) selama penyimpanan, adapun parameter pengamatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji total mikroba/kapang, pH (derajat keasaman) dan uji kadar air (aw). Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah mikroba adalah Perhitungan jumlah total mikroba dilakukan dengan Standard Plate Count (SPC). Analisis data dilakukan dengan mendiskripsikan hasil Total Plate Count pada sampel serbuk minuman fungsional lintah laut. Analisis tersebut disajikan suatu Standards Plate Count (SPC) dalam bentuk grafik untuk mempermudah dalam pembacaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Jumlah TPC pada dua formula serbuk minumam fungsional lintah laut ini pada berbagai suhu penyimpanan masih dibawah standar yang ditetapkan oleh SN
Pemantauan Keanekaragaman Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Ekosistem Tepi dan Tengah Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Full text linkKeberadaan hama dan musuh alami pada tanaman budidaya dapat sebagai acuan dalam kegiatan pengendalian hama tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman hama dan musuh alami ekosistem tepi dan tengah permukaan tanah pada pertanaman kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) yang dipantau dengan memasang perangkap pitfall trap. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan Politeknik Banjarnegara yang berlokasi di kelurahan Kenteng, kecamatan Madukara, kabupaten Banjarnegara, 323 m dpl. Penelitian dengan dua perlakuan berupa lokasi penempatan pitfall trap pada bagian tepi dan tengah lahan tanaman kacang tanah. Lahan tanaman kacang tanah dengan ukuran 40 m x 50 m dan tanaman berumur 28 hari setelah tanam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weaver (H’). T-test digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan antara populasi hama dan musuh alami yang berada pada tepi dan tengah lahan kacang tanah. Populasi hama dan musuh alami permukaan tanah pada tanaman kacang tanah mempunyai tingkat keanekaragaman yang rendah dengan nilai H’<1,0. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tersebut rendah baik pada populasi hama dan musuh alami tepi lahan maupun tengah lahan kacang tanah. Indeks keanekaragaman hama, musuh alami dan kelompok lainnya pada tepi lahan dengan nilai 0 hingga 0,32; sedangkan pada tengah lahan dengan nilai 0 hingga 0,30
Pewarisan Karakter Fenotip Melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Hikapel Aromatis’) Hasil Persilangan ♀ ‘Hikapel’ dengan ♂ ‘Hikadi Aromatik’
Full text linkThis research aims to develop cultivars with superior phenotypes of melon and high level of productivity. This research used the individual results of crossing between melon ♀ ‘Hikapel' with ♂ 'Hikadi Aromatik'. The research included qualitative and quantitative phenotype characterization test. The research was conducted in Center of Agrotechnology Innovation University of Gadjah Mada (PIAT-UGM), Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta and Laboratory of Genetics Faculty of Biology UGM on December 2016 until March 2017. Quantitative data analysis used ANOVA testing through PKBT-STAT 2.02 software with Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) method at significance level of 1% and 5%. Melon 'Hikapel Aromatik' has several advantages including oval shape, without net, without lobes, crispy texture, skin-collored yellow RHS (6A), has a 7-14 brix, has volatile aromatic compound and transposon influenced. Based on the results of recapitulation of variance, the characters of 'Hikapel Aromatik' was not uniform
Ikan Kepe – kepe (Chaetodontidae) sebagai Bioindikator Kerusakan Perairan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Pulau Tikus
Full text linkCoral reef is one of ecosystem in the ocean that have important ecologycal functions. Coral reef could be habitat for coral fishes.The demage of coral reef could be impacted on ecologycal proceses in the ocean. Therefore, The monitoring of coral reef health should be done to know the healthinees of coral reef. Butterfly fish is fish that can be used as bioindicator of coral demage. The aims of this study were analyzed condition of precent cover of coral reef, and also to measured mortality index of coral reef, abundance index of butterfly fish, and corelation between butterfly fish and coral reef. Survey method was used in this research. Line Intercept Transect used to measuring percent cover of coral reef along 50 m. The resuts showed that station 7 has the higest of precent cover of coral reef (67%), and station 3 has the lowest of of precent cover of coral reef (20.84%). Coral demage could be caused by illegal fishing. Totally, There were 136 of buterfly fish that found which are categoryzed into 9 specieses. The statistical result found that there are positif corelation between coral reef and butterfly fish. It is indicted that the increasing of percent cover of coral reef could be increasing the abundace of butterfly fish too. Precent cover of live coral reef could be impacted on abundance of buterfly fish due to associated with food and shelter.
Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Tanaman Semangka (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.)
Full text linkThe aims of this reseach was to determine the diversity, abundance of insects on watermelon based on ecological function .The method used in this research was survey with a random sampling techniques on watermelon plants. Insect observations conducted in three phases, ie before flowering, during flowering and during fruiting. The results showed the insects were obtained consisting of five orders, ie Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. The role of each order is fitofag / herbivores are dominated by the family of the order Orthoptera and Coleoptera. Most families from the order Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera act as predators. Insects that act as pollinators dominated by the family of the order Hymenoptera and Diptera. The Order Hemiptera act as pests. Insect abundance in watermelon crop was highest in fruiting phases ie 1103 individuals (50.61%). While the abundance in the phase prior to flowering and during flowering phase successively obtained the total of 132 individuals (10.62%) and 727 individuals (38.77%) respectivelly. Shannon-Wiener Diversity index (H'), Evenness index (E) of insects in the phase before flowering H '= 1.642, E = 0.3691, in the current phase of flowering H' = 2.231, E = 0, 5474, and the fruiting phase H '= 2.613, E = 0.7575. Based on the ecosystem function the highest diversity was insect pest (H' = 1,56, E 0,6799), following by insect pollinators (H' = 1,44, E 0,8489), and the lowest was predator (H' = 1,235, E 0,8598), (In watermelon farming, insect community was dominated by pest, escpesially during fruiting phase.
Penggandaan Kromosom Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) dengan Perlakuan Kolkisin
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kolkisin terhadap jumlah kromosom marigold serta dapat mengetahui konsentrasi kolkisin yang efektif untuk menginduksi poliploidi pada kecambah marigold. Kecambah diberi direndam dalam kolkisin dengan konsentrasi 0,1% dan 0,2% selama 6 jam Sebagai kontrol digunakan akuades. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah kromosom ujung akar marigold pada masing-masing perlakuan. Pengamatan kromosom dilakukan dengan metode squash ujung akar. Pemberian kolkisin menyebabkan penggandaan jumlah kromosom kecambah marigold. Rata-rata jumlah kromosom kecambah marigold pada kontrol adalah 2n=2x=20,5, sementara rata-rata jumlah kromosom yang diberi perlakuan kolkisin 0,1% dan 0,2 % berturut-turut yaitu 2n=4x=42 dan 2n=4x=43
PENGARUH PEPTON TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EMBRIO ANGGREK Vanda tricolor Lindley var. Suasiv ASAL MERAPI SECARA IN VITRO
Full text linkOrchidaceae is a valuable ornamental plant in Indonesia’s export commodities. The growth of orchid in nature is prolonged due to its microscopic size of the seed and has no endosperm. In the mass-production, an inducer is required to accelerate the growth in an in-vitro culture, one of which is peptone. The embryos used in this study is Merapi endemic orchid, the Vanda tricolor Lindley var. Suavis. This study aimed to determine the effect of peptone on the growth of eight weeks old of Vanda tricolor Lindley var. Suavis embryos and to determine the optimal peptone concentration to induce the growth of the orchid embryo. This experiment was conducted in the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada from September to October 2016. The treatments applied in this study was a variety of peptone concentrations (0–3 g/L) in growth media to induce eight weeks old protocorm subcultures. The study measured the morphological development of protocorm to determine the effect. The results showed a positive effect of peptone on the growth of orchid embryos at the NP1 treatment concentration of 1 g/L. The growth reached the phase 6 with the rate measured about 6.85±0.001% in the fourth week. This value was higher than the protocorm growth rate when it reached the phase 6 in the fourth week on the NP0 medium measured at 5.22±0.003%, on the medium NP2 at 1.15±0.002%, and on the medium NP3 at 1.02±0.001%. This result showed the effect of peptone concentration to induce the growth of Vanda tricolor Lindley var. Suavis embryo, but the excess concentration of peptone inhibited the growth of protocorm
ANALISIS VEGETASI KAWASAN KARST GOMBONG SELATAN KEBUMEN JAWA TENGAH
Full text linkKarst area is a well-developed porosity landscape with a specific condition as a result of soluble rock development through a process of karstification. The karst soil has low nutrients, but high calcium and magnesium content. Due to its unique environmental characteristics, karst vegetation differs from other areas. This study aimed to determine the community structure and species composition of vegetation in the karst area of Gombong Selatan and to compare the environmental factors affecting the plant of the karst area. This study was conducted in the border of Watukelir and Pakuran Villages. The method was a survey with sampling quadrat sizes used of 10 x 10 m for trees, 5 x 5 m for saplings, and 2 x 2 m for understorey vegetation. The variables observed were plant species and number of trees, saplings, and understorey. The environmental factors measured were air temperature, humidity, soil pH, and soil moisture. Data were analyzed using Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index (H’), Evenness Index (E), and Similarity Index (IS). The results showed there were 22 species of understoreys, five species of saplings, and seven species of trees. The understoreys were found dominated by Axonopus compressus dan Cyperus rotundus, in the other category, Tectona grandis and Albizia chinensis were dominated saplings and trees. Humidity and soil moisture were suggested the important environmental factors for plant diversity in karst area of Gombong Selata