Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sriwijaya: Open Journal Systems
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Strict Liability Principle: Consumer Protection from Hidden Defective Products in Indonesia
Get PDFWeak supervision on the standardization of the quality of goods products, the negative impact of the use of technology, and fraudulent products cause an increase in hidden defective goods products in the current era of globalization. The phenomenon of the existence of hidden defective products increasingly demanding the importance of the role of government to regulate, supervise and control to create a legal construction of product responsibility for consumers, which normatively does not exist yet. The concept of consumer protection due to hidden defective goods is a new thing that has never been explained in Indonesian literature. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the hidden defective products phenomenon, and the legal basis on the principle of responsibility is applied. Strict liability of produces due to loss of hidden defective goods products as an effort to protect consumers in Indonesia. This research uses the normative analysis method by using secondary data as primary data through the statute approach, philosophical approach, and historical approach. The results of this study show the importance of legal products that can provide consumer rights without reducing the rights of produces. The need for a legal basis for the product liability principle with the principle of strict liability to claim the responsibility of a produces through developing the doctrine of tort as a basis for demanding compensation due to hidden defective goods from the outstanding produces on the market. For this reason, it is recommended as a consideration, namely normative amendment to the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection as a short-term step, while the long-term step is to issue a special law that regulates the absolute responsibility of produces due to loss of defective products hidden in the future
Intra-party Democracy: The Practices on the Election of Prosperous Justice Party President
Get PDFThis paper will analyze the arrangements and practices for the election of chairperson (president) of the Prosperous Justice Party as one of the party's instruments in implementing intra-party democracy. There are two main issues to be discussed, namely: (i) has the regulation of the election of the president of the Prosperous Justice Party reflected democratic arrangements? (ii) has the democratic election been conducted in the Presidential Election for the Prosperous Justice Party? To answer this question, researchers examine all the laws and regulations relating to the legal issue in question. The laws and regulations referred to fall into two categories, namely primary and secondary legal materials. The results showed that both in terms of formulation of rules and practice, the election of the president of the Prosperous Justice Party is still far from democratic values. It is caused by the following five factors: (1) the right of nomination is not open to all party members but is nominated by the chairman of the Advisory Council, (2) the right to vote does not involve broad party elements but only becomes the authority of the members of the Advisory Council, (3) presidential candidates parties are not elected through a voting mechanism, but by appointment (acclamation), (4) the nature of the election is not competitive because it is always only followed by a single candidate, and (5) there is a limitation of the term of office of five years, but there is no limit on how many times. It has the potential for a party presidential position to be held by one person for an unlimited period
Problematika Ambang Batas Suara (Threshold) dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia
Get PDFProblematika ambang batas suara dalam pemilihan umum menjadi persoalan tersendiri di Indonesia yang tiada habisnya menjadi bahan perdebatan yang alot. Dimulai dari persoalan electoral threshold, parliamentary threshold, hingga presidential threshold. Problematika ambang batas suara tersebut terpusat pada prosentase ketentuan ambang batas suara (threshold). Satu kali pemilu (tahun 2004) menggunakan ketentuan electoral threshold, parliamentary threshold yang mulai berlaku sejak 2009 hingga pemilu serentak tahun 2019, dan presidential threshold yang sudah berlaku sejak pemilu tahun 2004 hingga pemilu serentak tahun 2019. Ketentuan ini tertuang dalam undang-undang pemilu anggota legislatif maupun pemilu eksekutuf. Dalam undang-undang tersebut ketentuan ambang batas suara (threshold) selalu berubah-ubah karena tidak membawa pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penyederhanaan partai politik di Indonesia. Banyaknya partai politik yang berkembang merupakan persoalan dalam sistem pemerintahan presidensial yang dipilih oleh Indonesia. Upaya penyederhanaan partai politik tersebut dilakukan dengan memberlakukan ketentuan electoral threshold, parliamentary threshold, dan presidential threshol
Asset Recoveryin in the Criminal Act of Corruption in ASEAN
Get PDFThe eradication of corruption is not only limited to imprisonment for perpetrators, but also optimally recaptures what has been taken by corruptors (asset recovery). This action needs to be done in order to create a deterrent effect for corruptors and return the state property. Corruption eradication in Southeast Asia, especially by ASEAN member countries, has not shown seriousness. This fact shown from Transparency International report. The majority of ASEAN country member have not been optimal in the orientation of asset recovery in handling corruption cases. How could ASEAN countries eradicate corruption through asset recovery efforts? This study uses a normative comparative method through a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the study found that the level of corruption in Southeast Asia is not the worst, but also not in a safe condition from the threat of corruption and is still classified as an area of concern. Brunei Darussalam, the Philippines, Indonesia and Singapore are among the countries that have succeeded in increasing corruption eradication scores. Indonesia and Thailand become countries that struggle hard to eradicate corruption while Vietnam and Laos are considered to be countries that are still lacking in fighting corruption. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the recovery of corruption assets is still a matter of little concern by the majority of countries except Singapore and Malaysia. In eradicating corruption, particularly in asset recovery, ASEAN needs to have a political will determined and become a law in conducting multilateral cooperation. The agreement must be set forth in the form of regional cooperation that has a strong tie so that this can help efforts to eradicate corruption in ASEAN
Peran Stakeholders Dalam Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana Tsunami Selat Sunda di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2018
Get PDFProvinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu daerah provinsi di Indonesia yang rawan terkena bencana gempa bumi, tsunami, dan tanah longsor. Letak provinsi lampung yang berbatasan dengan Selat Sunda di sebelah Selatan, Laut Jawa di sebelah Timur, dan Samudra Indonesia di sebelah Barat menjadikan daerah provinsi ini dapat terkena dampak bencana alam tsunami maupun gelombang air pasang. Tipe topografi Provinsi Lampung yang berbukit sampai bergunung sampai bergelombang juga menjadi salah satu faktor provinsi ini menjadi rawan bencana. Dalam bencana tsunami Selat Sunda pada akhir tahun 2018 yang lalu beberapa daerah di Provinsi Lampung yang berada di pesisir Selat Sunda juga tekena dampak yang menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa dan kerusakan. Dampak tsunami terbesar dialami desa-desa yang berada di pesisir Kecamatan Rajabasa, Lampung Selatan. Keterbatasan alat, kurangnya keseriusan pemerintah dalam mitigasi bencana, serta informasi yang kurang menjadi faktor-faktor yang dapat menghambat penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana. Secara yuridis, penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana. Di dalam Pasal 33 UU Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 dinyatakan bahwa penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu tahap pra-bencana; saat tanggap darurat, dan; tahap pasca bencana. Dengan metode yuridis empiris, penelitian ini mengkaji penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana dalam bencana Tsunami Selat Sunda tahun 2018 di Provinsi Lampung. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menemukan akar permasalahan sehingga menghasilkan sebuah solusi untuk perbaikan kebijakan penyelenggaraan penangulangan bencana di Indonesia
The Fulfilment of Right to Education for Persons with Disabilities: A Challenge in a Border Area
Get PDFThis study discusses the right to education policy for Persons With Disabilities (PwDs) In Border Area of Nunukan-Indonesia. This research aims to find out whether the legal regulation on human rights for with disabilities provided by the Indonesian government is appropriate or not and to find out whether the government of Nunukan District also provided some policies in handling a person with disabilities, in particular, their right to education. This research used a normative legal method, which complemented with field research. As a result, in order to fulfil human rights for PwDs, the Indonesian government was stipulated plenty of national laws, namely National Education System Law, the Protection of Children Law, and individually regulated by Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities. Also, the most crucial factor is that the Nunukan District has not been set up the local regulation pertaining to PwDs. Only several policies are stipulated to overcome the right to education problems, but it does not enough to ensure the correct implementation of this right in the field
Does the Protection of Minority Groups in Xinjiang Fail?
Get PDFNowadays, many human rights violations related to religion, race or culture exist. In 2018, The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) estimated around two million Uyghur were arrested by the Chinese government without due process of law and forced to accept the political doctrine of the Chinese Communist Party. These actions include physical torture and restrictions on religious freedom. Article 2 of 1948 UDHR stipulates the prohibition of discrimination against race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth, or another status. The paper aims to analyse human rights violations against the Uyghur and legal efforts to protect freedom of human rights for Uyghur in China. Human Rights have been fully regulated by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). By using statutory and case approach, the result shows that the actions taken by the Chinese government have violated legal provisions including the Declaration and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The government of China is also failing to uphold its responsibility to protect
The Death Sentence for Covid-19 Financial Fraud Perpetrators
Get PDFCoronavirus pandemic 2019-2020 or known as Covid-19, which spread throughout the world, including Indonesia, has caused casualties and disrupted the economy. Various attempts were made by the government to overcome the increasingly massive impact of the spread of Covid-19. One of them is by issuing the Government Regulations in Lieu of Laws No. 1 of 2020 concerning State Financial Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling Covid-19 Pandemic. Regarding this assistance provided by the government, it is miserable to have allowed the occurrence of criminal acts of corruption committed by government officials and their instruments. The purpose of this paper is to pay attention to the handling and eradication of corruption of Covid-19 Pandemic aid funds. The method used in this paper is to analyze data qualitatively in relation to this research which is a normative juridical type. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained through the search of legislation and materials related to the issues raised. As a result, this article argues that when there have never been cases of corruption whose actors have been sentenced to death in a normal situation, it might be possible for the misuse of the Covid-19 pandemic aid funds can be sentenced to death
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM YANG BERBASIS ASAS PROPORSIONAL TERHADAP DEBITUR DAN KREDITUR DALAM EKSEKUSI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA (STUDI KASUS Putusan MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 18)
Get PDFPasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 (Putusan MK Nomor 18), kreditur tidak boleh melakukan eksekusi sendiri objek jaminan fidusia melainkan harus mengajukan permohonan pelaksanaan eksekusi kepada pengadilan hingga dikeluarkannya putusan berkekuatan hukum tetap, dengan ssyarat tidak ada kesepakatan penentuan cidera janji debitur dan kesukarelaan debitur menyerahkan objek jaminan fidusia. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, potensi implikasi penerapan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia pasca Putusan MK Nomor 18 secara yuridis adalah : penumpukan norma tentang tittle eksekutorial setara putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap; kekosongan norma kelengkapan syarat putusan eksekusi pengadilan dalam dokumen permohonan lelang eksekusi; kekosongan norma kategori lelang eksekusi; jaminan fidusia kehilangan kekhususan perihal kemudahan pelaksanaan eksekusi; dan kerancuan pemaknaan pencantuman klausul kesepakatan tentang cideran janji dan kesukarelaan debitur menyerahkan objek jaminan fidusia. Implikasi secara non yuridis adalah : jenjang waktu proses eksekusi melalui pengadilan yang memakan waktu dan biaya yang berpotensi menimbulkan itikad tidak baik debitur atau calon debitur; lonjakan permohonan eksekusi melalui pengadilan; sulitnya masyarakat mendapat kredit jika objek jaminan bernilai relatif rendah; stigma perusahaan pembiayaan tidak lagi dapat melakukan eksekusi tanpa putusan pengadilan; dan terganggunya tingkat kesehatan keuangan perusahaan pembiayaan.Kebijakan perlindungan hukum berbasis asas proporsional bagi pemberi dan penerima jaminan fidusia di masa mendatang adalah : pembacaan secara menyeluruh dan detail atas klausul kesepakatan cidera janji dan kesukarelaan debitur menyerahkan objek jaminan fidusia sebelum ditandatangani para pihak; penggunaan jasa hukum Advokat untuk mengedepankan upaya non litigasi; kesepakatan kreditur dan debitur untuk mengedepankan alternatif eksekusi melalui penjualan di bawah tangan; dan penerbitan peraturan pelaksana atau petunjuk teknis eksekusi melalui pengadilan
Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian Sebagai Primum Remedium Dalam Upaya Pengembalian Aset Negara Pada Kasus Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Get PDFKejahatan korupsi masih terjadi sangat masif di Indonesia. Mengingat sifat dan karakter destruktifnya yang sangat besar, kasus-kasus korupsi telah menimbulkan kerugian terhadap keuangan negara yang berdampak langsung pada kehidupan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Dilihat dari sudut pandang hukum pidana, korupsi adalah bentuk kejahatan atau tindak pidana yang memerlukan penindakan yang luar biasa (extraordinary legal approach). Terkait dengan penindakan yang luar biasa itu, dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kasus korupsi telah berkembang aturan pembalikan beban pembuktian agar pemulihan kerugian negara menjadi lebih efektif. Namun aturan ini belum dijalankan secara konsisten sebagai upaya pertama dan utama (primum remedium) khususnya dalam upaya pengembalian aset negara karena disebabkan oleh dua hal. Pertama, pengaturan mengenai pembalikan beban pembuktian belum jelas dan memadai baik dari segi substansial dan prosedural, khususnya dikaitkan dengan upaya pengembalian aset negara. Kedua, aturan pembalikan beban pembuktian dianggap bertentangan dengan pandangan umum yang melekat bahwa hukum pidana harus dijadikan sebagai upaya terakhir (ultimum remedium). Pertentangan ini menjadi dasar keseluruhan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini dimana konstruksi sifat primum remedium dari hukum pidana akan ditinjau ulang, sehingga pada akhirnya disimpulkan bahwa dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi sebagai tindak pidana yang jelas telah berdampak negatif sangat besar, maka hukum pidana harus ditempatkan sebagai upaya pertama dan utama (primum remedium) khususnya dalam upaya pengembalian aset negara melalui pelaksanaan aturan pembalikan beban pembuktian