Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sriwijaya: Open Journal Systems
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IMPLICATIONS OF THE ERGA OMNES PRINCIPLE ON THE MECHANISM OF WAR CRIMES PROSECUTION
Full text linkThis research examines the implications of the erga omnes principle in the prosecution of war crimes within the framework of international law. The principle, which reflects obligations owed to the international community as a whole, reinforces the universality of accountability and collective responsibility in addressing serious violations of humanitarian norms. The need for this research arises from the persistent gap between normative development and practical enforcement of war crimes prosecution, particularly amidst ongoing conflicts in regions such as Syria, Yemen, Ukraine, and Myanmar. The study aims to analyze the role and implications of the erga omnes principle in strengthening the mechanisms for prosecuting war crimes and to identify the main challenges that hinder its effective implementation. Employing a qualitative normative legal research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, this study relies on the interpretation of international legal instruments, jurisprudence, and scholarly opinions. The findings highlight that while the erga omnes principle provides a strong moral and legal foundation for universal jurisdiction and complementarity, its realization is often obstructed by political resistance, limited national capacity, and inconsistency in international cooperation. The paper concludes that reinforcing erga omnes obligations requires harmonization between national and international frameworks, and sustained political will from the global community. Ultimately, erga omnes is not a mere theoretical doctrine but a vital instrument for ensuring justice, preventing impunity, and affirming the supremacy of international law
FROM ATTRIBUTION TO COMPENSATION: DEFINING INTERNATIONAL CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CYBER ATTACKS
Full text linkHumanity today, and those who will come after us, are aware of the consequences of cyberattacks, and the absence of international civil liability in the face of these attacks has become clear and evident. All countries must come together at one table to discuss the issue of this era: regulating cyberattacks and establishing the necessary legislation. The research problem in this paper is summarized in the absence of civil liability for cyberattacks, both theoretically and practically. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bring the concept of civil liability for cyberattacks, its components, the provisions of international civil liability related to cyberattacks, the effects of its application, and how to assign civil liability to the perpetrators of cyberattacks from absence to actual reality and to put it into the framework of practical application to stop cyberattacks. This is a first step for any researcher in this field.
PEMBATALAN EKSEKUSI OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN ATAS PERLAWANAN PIHAK KETIGA TEREKSEKUSI (ANALISIS PUTUSAN NOMOR 22/PDT.BTH/2023/PN TLK)
Full text linkPenelitian ini menganalisis dinamika hukum dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi Hak Tanggungan atas tanah di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada pembatalan lelang sebagaimana diputuskan dalam Putusan Nomor 22/Pdt.Bth/2023/PN Teluk Kuantan. Kasus ini berakar pada sengketa kepemilikan tanah di Desa Beringin Jaya, di mana pihak ketiga, Jamaluddin, mengajukan perlawanan atas lelang tanah yang dijadikan agunan oleh Wawan Pujianto selaku pemilik sertifikat dan pemberi Hak Tanggungan. Meskipun sertifikat tanah dan Hak Tanggungan memberikan kepastian hukum formal serta hak eksekusi langsung bagi kreditur, pengadilan membatalkan lelang setelah mempertimbangkan bukti penguasaan fisik dan itikad baik Jamaluddin yang lebih dahulu menguasai tanah tersebut. Putusan ini menyoroti ketegangan antara kepastian hukum formal bagi kreditur dan perlindungan hak pihak ketiga beritikad baik yang belum terdaftar secara resmi. Pembatalan Hak Tanggungan dan lelang menyebabkan kreditur kehilangan status preferen dan tanah dikembalikan kepada pemilik semula. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya verifikasi dan kehati-hatian kreditur serta mengungkap tantangan integrasi antara pendaftaran tanah formal dengan penguasaan fisik di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi kasus, penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan solusi rekonsiliatif bagi kepentingan kreditur, debitur, dan pihak ketiga dalam sistem hukum jaminan yang adil dan memberikan kepastian hukum
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN PENGANGKATAN ANAK DI BAWAH TANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA INDONESIA
Full text linkIn Civil Case No. 1/Pdt.G/2020/PN Blt, the Plaintiff came from Batam to Blitar city to meet the Defendants (husband and wife) who were known through Facebook and to follow up on the agreement. Furthermore, the Plaintiff felt regret and wanted to request that her child be returned to the Plaintiff. The objectives of this research are: to find out the juridical consequences of child adoption that is not in accordance with the law, the limits of the rights and responsibilities of single parents towards children who have been adopted with an agreement under the hand, and to find out the legal considerations used by the Panel of Judges regarding the validity of the Child Adoption Agreement under the hand and Granting child custody to adoptive parents based on Decision Number 1/Pdt.G /2020/PN Blt.The research conducted is normative legal research. Researchers use data collection tools in the form of literature studies or documentary studies. The approach used by researchers is the approach of legislation (The Statue Approach), and the case approach (Case Approach). The data analysis method used by researchers is qualitative data analysis which involves an assessment and understanding of legal aspects.The consequences of adopting a child that is not in accordance with the law are the rights and obligations of each party, between the adoptive parents and their adopted child cannot be sued. The limitation of the rights and responsibilities of biological parents towards children who have been adopted with an underhand agreement is that all rights and obligations of biological parents are transferred to adoptive parents. Except for adopted female children who are Muslims, if she is going to get married then the only person who can be her marriage guardian is her biological parents or blood relatives. The panel's consideration was correct. Because even though the agreement was made underhand, the parties involved still fulfilled the elements of the agreement as stipulated in the applicable law, but the adoptive parents still had to fulfill the procedure of legalizing the adoption of children through a court decision. The panel's consideration was correct. Because even though the agreement was made underhand, the parties involved still fulfilled the elements of the agreement as stipulated in the applicable law, but the adoptive parents still had to fulfill the procedure of legalizing the adoption of children through a court decision.
Execution of Criminal Acts of Fines Can Not Be Fulfilled by Convicts in Mining Crimes
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze criminal legal instruments for fines that have passed the grace period in the mining sector and the implementation of criminal fines for convicts who have passed the grace period by the principle of legal certainty. This research and writing method applies empirical Law with a conceptual approach, principles, criminal law theory, law approach, and case approach. This study produces and answers the legal issue that the emergence can also see the application of fine penalties and the tendency to apply prison sentences cumulatively with prison sentences. The type of criminal sanction in the mineral and coal law is the main crime in Imprisonment, a fine, and Imprisonment. If the perpetrator is a legal entity, the type of fine sanction for the legal entity is plus 1/3 of the maximum criminal provisions of the fine imposed. Additional crimes include revoking business licenses and/or revoking legal entity status. Criminal liability in the mining sector can be imposed on individuals or legal entities as can be reviewed from the subject of criminal acts contained in the criminal provisions. The following finding is that the application of criminal sanctions and fines in criminal acts in the mining sector still raises problems; namely, there is a gap between criminal sanctions and fines in the formulation of the mining law due to the absence of explicit rules on the mechanism of coercive efforts so that the convict can carry out the fine imposed sentence. The existence of a criminal law option of fines can be replaced by prison sentences, causing many convicts to choose to serve prison sentences instead of fines. By serving a prison sentence, it is as if the convict has paid the fine in full
UPAYA ADMINISTRASI PENGGELAPAN PAJAK PT ASIAN AGRI GROUP TERHADAP DAMPAK KERUGIAN NEGARA
Full text linkPenelitian ini mengkaji upaya administrasi terkait penggelapan pajak oleh PT Asian Agri Group (AAG) yang menimbulkan kerugian negara dalam jumlah besar. Secara hukum, tindakan AAG memenuhi unsur pidana perpajakan berdasarkan UU KUP dan berpotensi terkait rezim anti-pencucian uang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian perkara dapat dilakukan melalui mekanisme administratif, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 44B UU No. 28 Tahun 2007, sepanjang wajib pajak melunasi kewajiban pajak dan sanksi. Namun, hambatan muncul karena aset AAG yang disita telah diagunkan, serta belum adanya pengaturan tegas terkait pemidanaan korporasi. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya transparansi kepemilikan, pengawasan pajak ketat, dan kerja sama internasional
PENDAFTARAN TANAH BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN (STUDI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI SURABAYA NOMOR 799/PDT.G/2020/PN.SBY)
Full text linkPasal 37 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah menyebutkan akta jual beli yang dibuat oleh PPAT adalah syarat terjadinya peralihan hak atas tanah. Terjadinya jual beli bawah tangan antara pihak Penggugat (pembeli) dengan pihak Tergugat (ahli waris penjual) mengenai pembelian tanah dan bangunan, ketika itu pihak Tergugat tidak diketahui keberadaannya. Hal seperti inilah yang menyulitkan pembeli untuk menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran dan dan mengalihkan sepenuhnya hak milik atas sertifikat tersebut ke atas nama pembeli. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan: 1. Keputusan hakim sudah tepat, pelaksanaan jual beli tersebut telah memenuhi unsur hukum adat dimana jual beli dilangsungkan secara terang, tunai, dan rill, Absah secara materil 2. Kedudukan putusan hakim tersebut adalah akta autentik yang bersifat publik, karena putusan tersebut harus dijalankan pihak penggugat, tergugat maupun turut tergugat yakni BPN. 3. Putusan tersebut dapat menjadi pembelajaran dalam proses balik nama apabila ahli waris penjual tidak diketahui lagi keberadaanny
Mapping Public Participation in EIA in Indonesia: Recommendations for an Ideal Concept
No full textA quality EIA document is directly proportional to the level of public participation that influences the preparation process. However, the EIA level of public participation in Indonesia is still very low
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even reduced after being amended by Law No. 32/2009 in conjunction with Law No. 6/2023, which shows that public participation has not been prioritised. Several factors influence this, including the reduction of EIA participation through Law No. 6/2023, as well as the involvement of parties and forms that are not in line with the needs of the community. This research aims to identify the level of public participation in preparing EIA in Indonesia and present ideal concepts and recommendations regarding these three aspects. This legal research uses a statutory and conceptual approach with primary and secondary legal materials (Law No. 32/2009 in Lieu of Law No. 6/2023, Government Regulation No. 22/2021 and relevant scientific works). The level of public participation in the EIA preparation process in Law No. 6/2023 tends to be lower than before because the community cannot influence the final decision; affected parties are limited; forms of participation are limited to providing suggestions, opinions and responses; and the public participation in government institutions is eliminated. Therefore, the ideal concept uses a mapping that includes the parties involved, the form, and the purpose of participation with three rationales, namely normative, substantive, and instrumental, which are briefly related to the community role, the quality of environmental decisions, and the basis of legitimacy. The government needs to develop ideal regulations for public participation in preparation for EIA based on this mapping so that the preparation of EIA is participative, transparent, equitable, and informed
PERAN KANTOR PERTANAHAN DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENERTIBAN TANAH TERINDIKASI TERLANTAR BERSTATUS HGB DI KOTA SEMARANG
No full textBerdasar atas Pasal 13 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 tahun 2010 jo Pasal 3 Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 4 tahun 2010 ada 4 tahapan dalam melakukan penertiban tanah terlantar, salah satunya ialah inventarisasi tanah terindikasi terlantar yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Kantor Wilayah yang memperoleh informasi dari hasil pemantauan lapangan Kantor Pertanahan atau dari laporan dinas maupun instansi lainnya. Kota Semarang menjadi salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang ditemukan tanah terindikasi terlantar. Berdasar atas data inventarisasi tanah terindikasi terlantar Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang Tahun 2023 terdapat 10 objek tanah yang berstatus Hak Guna Bangunan yang terindikasi tanah terlantar. Berdasar atas permasalahan tersebut, maka penulis tertarik untuk membahas dua hal penting yakni faktor melatarbelakangi adanya tanah terindikasi terlantar berstatus Hak Guna Bangunan di Kota Semarang dan peranan kantor pertanahan dalam melaksanakan penertiban tanah terindikasi terlantar yang berstatus Hak Guna Bangunan di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris. Berdasar dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwasannya faktor yang melatarbelakangi adanya tanah terindikasi terlantar berstatus Hak Guna Bangunan di Kota Semarang ialah disebabkan karena faktor ekonomi, misalnya tanah yang dikuasai oleh Pemegang Hak hanya dijadikan sebagai investasi; Para pemegang hak belum dapat memanfaatkan tanahnya sebagaimana peruntukannya disebabkan adanya kemungkinan kekurangan modal atau belum adanya dana untuk memanfaatkan tanah tersebut. Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang mempunyai peran penting untuk melaksanakan tahapan inventarisasi tanah terindikasi terlantar
UNPACKING THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES BILL: A CRITIQUE
Full text linkAlthough the Indigenous Peoples Bill has been included in the National Legislation Programme since 2015, it has not yet entered the discussion stage at the time of writing. The bill has not been considered a concrete necessity for indigenous peoples. Regulation of Masyarakat Hukum Adat in the form of regional regulations is sufficient to recognise their existence within Indonesian society. However, Indigenous Peoples need protection to guarantee their rights, including those relating to natural resources and land, culture, and self-determination. Therefore, what is needed is more than just administrative recognition. The aim of this paper is to criticise the stagnation of the Indigenous Peoples Bill and to promote its enactment. This paper uses the normative legal research method to achieve its objectives, namely, to criticise the stagnation of the bill due to conflicts of interest in development and the underrepresentation of indigenous peoples in the power structure