Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sriwijaya: Open Journal Systems
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Creation of Real Servitudes through Contractual Agreement under Kosovo Law and Beyond
Get PDFReal servitudes are property rights in foreigners' things (iura in re aliena), in which the titleholder uses others' property to benefit his property. This research aims to analyse the creation of the right of real servitude based on contract as legal title. The analysis specifically examines the provisions of the law of property and other real rights of Kosovo no. 57/2009 and the law on obligation relations of Kosovo no. 16/2012 that do not provide enough specification and clarifications for the content and this type of contract. The isolated analysis only in the provisions of Kosovo law is insufficient for clarification without comparison with the legislation of other countries. Therefore, the Kosovo law is compared with the civil codes of France, Austria, and Germany, aiming to identify similarities, differences, and legal concepts. The work is based on a literature review and normative, comparative, and empirical methods. The research results answer the questions related to the content, form, and type of the contract as a legal title. It shows that Kosovo law, even though it has some similarities with the French civil code when it comes to the conditions of the valid contract, however Kosovo law differs as follows: a) the contract is not the only condition for acquiring the right of real servitude, but the registration is also needed, b) the content of contract must be based on the interaction of provisions of the law on property and the law on obligation relations, c) the same contract is obligation relationship in nature, but it also serves for the transfer of right and registration of the real servitudes. In this sense, it is concluded that Kosovo law is closer to the Austrian Civil Code and German Civil Code. However, it is not a pure German legal concept since it requires two contracts: a contract of obligation and a contract of transfer of real rights.
Criminal Legal Protection for Bona Fide Third Parties Over Assets in Corruption and Money Laundering Cases
Get PDFCriminal law in Indonesia has yet to guarantee justice and human rights of bona fide (good faith) third parties in protecting their confiscated assets in corruption and money laundering cases. Criminal procedural law is inadequate in providing assessments for bona fide third parties. Therefore, Economics and Anthropology are needed in the investigation stage up to the evidentiary stage during trials. In this research, the main problems are formulated as follows: (1) what is the concept, definition, and scope of the assets of third parties in good faith in the laws and regulations in Indonesia? (2) how is the application of legal provisions regarding the protection of third parties with good intentions in corruption and money laundering? (3) what is the ideal role of the Public Prosecutor and Judge in protecting the property of a third party with good intentions in the criminal justice system? Normative law research conducted in this article showed that (1) the concept and understanding of bona fide third parties in civil law can be adopted in criminal law; (2) the application of legal protection to bona fide third parties over their assets in corruption and money laundering cases still depends on the moral goodness of law enforcement officials; and (3) investigators, prosecutors, and judges play an important role in protecting the human rights of bona fide third parties in corruption and money laundering cases
Mapping and Harmonizing Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions
Get PDFLaw No. 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh (Aceh Government Law) has mandated Aceh Qanun No. 11/2018 on ShariaFinancial Institutions. A thorough and integrated regulatory infrastructure must support the Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions. The Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions regulates that all Sharia Financial Institutions operating in Aceh must transition from the conventional to the Sharia system. However, in reality, many norms still need to be synchronised with national rules so that Sharia Financial Institutions do not run optimally. This study aims to map and harmonise legal issues and purification of Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions in the future. The method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach and uses secondary data. The study found that first, the mapping of Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions still has articles that overlap and need to be more technical with the inclusion of the year that has passed. In addition, an article includes administrative sanctions that are not implemented. Then, there are ambiguous norms that cause multiple interpretations. Second, Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions needs harmonisation with higher laws and regulations. In addition, several Governor and Regent Regulations and other technical rules are required to maximise the implementation. Third, purification is needed by revising articles that overlap with the rules above and harmonising them with national regulations in Islamic finance
The Legal Ramifications of Sexual Commodification in Trademark Usage in Indonesia
Get PDFThe ownership of trademark rights is a fundamental component of industrial property rights within the broader spectrum of intellectual property law. Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications, specifically Article 20, mandates that brand naming must not contravene state ideology, statutory regulations, religious morality, decency, or public order. This study seeks to critically examine and analyse trademarks deemed inappropriate because they violate existing legislative provisions. Certain trademarks utilised by business entities infringe upon societal standards of decency by engaging in sexual commodification. The research adopts a juridical-normative methodology, incorporating both legislative and conceptual frameworks. The legal materials examined include primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, which are qualitatively analysed to address the research questions. The findings reveal that sexual commodification in trademark naming, characterised by the exploitation of pornography, violates religious norms and societal decency. Therefore, such trademarks are not eligible for registration. Furthermore, any trademarks that have been registered and are found to contain elements of sexual commodification may be subject to revocation, as they conflict with state ideology, legislation, religious morality, decency, and public order
Analisis Materi Muatan Perppu Kebijakan Keuangan Negara Dan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan Periode Covid-19
Get PDFHadirnya Perppu No. 1 tahun 2020 memberikan legitimasi bagi pemerintah untuk dapat mengambil Langkah kebijakan secara cepat untuk menyelamatkan keuangan negara akibat wabah covid 19, akan tetapi setelah terbitnya Perppu covid, banyak reaksi pro kontra muncul dari pengamat ekonomi, politik, hukum dan berbagai lapisan masyarakat umum. Pihak yang pro mendukung langkah Perppu covid menjadi legitimasi yang kuat bagi pemerintah untuk memulihkan instabilitas ekonomi nasional. Di sisi lain, Pihak yang kontra mengecam Perppu khususnya pasal 27 yang seolah memberikan imunitas terhadap Komite Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan (KSSK), sehingga DPR menyerukan kritik, tetapi anehnya DPR justru menyetujui Perppu Covid menjadi Undang undang undang dalam sidang paripurna, hingga akhirnya Perppu Covid di gugat ke Mahkamah Konstitusi.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana pengaturan terkait hak budgeting DPR selama pandemi Covid-19 sesuai dengan Perppu Covid-19 serta Bagaimana kewenangan yudisial Lembaga yudikatif berhadapan dengan pasal 27 perpu covid dalam mengadili kasus yang berkenaan dengan penyimpangan kerugian negara dari pengeluaran dana covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan studi hukum terhadap data data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pasal 28 Perppu No. 1/2020 yang meniadakan keterlibatan DPR dalam pembuatan APBN serta Substansi dari Pasal 27 Perppu No. 1/2020 yang menjadikan sejumlah pengawasan konstitusional yang dilakukan DPR maupun kewenangan lembaga yudisial dalam menyidangkan perkara terkait penyimpangan yang mungkin dilakukan oleh pejabat publik dalam penanggulangan Covid-19 menjadi hilan
Legal Consequences of Disobedience of Provisional Decision of the Administrative Court
Get PDFThe existence of a legal vacuum in the State Administrative Court (PTUN) procedural law relating to the execution of the PTUN Provisional Decision raises the issue of Judicial Disobedience by state administrative institutions that do not want to carry out the PTUN Provisional Decision. Departing from this, there are two main problem formulations, namely: (1) What are the characteristics of PTUN provisional decisions? and (2) What is the formulation of legal protection against non-compliance with PTUN provisional decisions? Furthermore, this legal research uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. Based on an examination of existing legal issues, it can be concluded that provisional decisions are known in PTUN procedural law practice, where provisional decisions are submitted for matters deemed essential (urgent circumstances) by the Plaintiff to the Panel of Judges to be decided in an Interim Decision. Suppose the Party ordered by the PTUN does not implement the PTUN provisional decision. In that case, 2 (two) legal preventive mechanisms and 3 (three) legal repressive remedies can be taken in stages: 1) Sending a letter to the relevant agency, 2) Reporting to the Ombudsman, and 3) Using Criminal Law Mechanisms
Human Rights Defenders in Indonesia's Digital Age: Navigating Limited Spaces in the Quest for Digital Democracy
Get PDFThe enactment and application of the Electronic Transaction Information Law are pivotal for delineating the appropriate boundaries for exercising freedom of opinion and expression within Indonesia's digital sphere. According to reports from international digital rights research and advocacy organizations, online media journalists and human rights activists frequently encounter direct pressure and cyber harassment. This article explores the balance of freedom of expression in Indonesia's digital domain to ensure a secureenvironment for human rights defenders advocating for human rights. This study uses socio- legal methodologies to draw on data from literature reviews and in-depth interviews. It underscores the need for regulatory reforms to define prohibited hate speech explicitly. SAFENet documented 153 cyber-attacks in Indonesia in 2022, predominantly targeting civil society groups, students, activists, and journalists. Additionally, the National Committee on Human Rights reported that 52% of attacks on human rights defenders occurred in the digital realm. While the protection of digital democracy varies by nation, Indonesia must establish aninstitution responsible for properly enforcing the ITE Law alongside an independent monitoring mechanism and related policies. Such institutions, including those dedicated to human rights defenders, uphold human rights and demonstrate a commitment to the principles of freedom, respect, equality, and dignity within society
PENGAMBILALIHAN KREDIT KEPEMILIKAN RUMAH BERDASARKAN PERJANJIAN KREDIT DIBAWAH TANGAN
Get PDFTulisan ini membahas (a) Pertimbangan hakim pada kasus perjanjian kredit dibawah tangan yang dilakukan pengambilalihan kredit pemilikan rumah, yaitu penjualan rumah KPR di bawah tangan oleh debitur yang belum melunasi hutangnya, merupakan suatu perbuatan melawan hukum karena rumah KPR itu merupakan benda jaminan hutang debitur kepada Bank; (b) Keabsahan jual beli yang bertujuan mengambil alih kredit pemilikan rumah secara di bawah tangan, yaitu adanya kesepakatan yang mengikat antara penjual dan pembeli; dan (c) Akibat hukum bagi pembeli terhadap pengambil alihan kredit pemilikan rumah yang dilakukan secara di bawah tangan dan upaya hukum yang ditempuh untuk mengatasinya, yaitu memiliki perlindungan hukum yang sangat lemah karena jual beli dibawah tangan tidak mengakibatkan terjadi peralihan hak atas tanah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan: (a) Masyarakat yang ingin melakukan alih debitur atas KPR BTN dapat melakukannya setelah mendapatkan persetujuan dari pihak bank selaku kreditur; (b) Pihak Bank diharapkan memberikan informasi dengan jelasnya mengenai hak dan kewajiban para pihak, baik debitur dan kreditur benar-benar mengetahui di mana posisinya berada dan tidak mengabaikan kewajiban masing-masing; (c) Paralegal sebaiknya lebih diperhatikan lagi perlindungan hukum bagi pihak kreditur (bank dan bagi pihak ketiga dalam masalah oper kredit, hal ini untuk memberikan kepastian hukum pada pihak ketiga yang beritikad baik dalam meneruskan pembayaran kredit dari pihak pertama sampai lunas
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KREDIT MACET BAGI KRAMA TAMIU DI LEMBAGA PERKREDITAN DESA ADAT JIMBARAN
Get PDFPemberian kredit yang dilakukan lembaga keuangan di indonesia diperuntukan untuk masyaqrakat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat dalam melakukan usaha pengelolaan akan kehidupan. Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) merupakan lembaga keuangan mikro yang didirikan, dimiliki, dan dikelola oleh Desa Pakraman di Bali. LPD memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat desa melalui penyediaan layanan simpan pinjam yang mudah diakses dan terjangkau.Keberadaan LPD merupakan sui generis dalam kehidupan masyarakat bali dengan adanya LPD dapat melaksaanakan ekonomi yang otonom,Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran mengenai penyelesaian sengketa kredit macet bagi Krama Tamiu di Lembaga Perkreditan Desa Adat Jimbaran. Lembaga Perkreditan Desa merupakan lembaga keuangan mikro yang dimiliki oleh Desa Adat untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat adat atas keberadaan dan pengaturannya dikhususkan sebagaimana tidak terikat dengan hukum nasional. Lembaga Perkreditan Desa menggunakan prinsip kehati-hatian namun Lembaga Perkreditan Desa terdapat permasalahan kredit macet dikarenakan tidak mengindahkan Pasal 7 ayat 1 Huruf C Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Tentang Lembaga Perkreditan Desa. Peneliti merumuskan masalah yaitu: bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa kredit macet bagi Krama Tamiu di Lembaga Perkreditan Desa Adat Jimbaran ?Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dan analisis data kualitatif deskriptif. Penyelesaian kredit macet Krama Tamiu yaitu: pemantauan krama panguwub, relaksasi, rescheduling, restrukturisasi, sita jaminan, dan penghapusbukuan/penghapus tagihan selanjutnya dilalui penyelesaian kredit berupa negosiasi dan mediasi
IMPLEMENTASI VISUM ET REPERTUM UNTUK PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PENGANIAYAAN NOMOR 814/PID.B/2022/PN.TJK
Get PDFSalah satu alat bukti yang digunakan dalam penyidikan tindak pidana diatur di dalam Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 1981 adalah Keterangan Ahli dalam bentuk tertulis, dalam hal ini adalah Visum et Repertum. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana Visum et Repertum dibuktikan kekuatannya sebagai alat bukti tindak pidana penganiayaan dan bagaimanakah pembuktian tindak pidana penganiayaan dengan menggunakan Visum et Repertum yang memiliki perbedaan dengan keterangan terdakwa (Studi Putusan Nomor: 814/Pid.B/2022/PN.Tjk). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan masalah yuridis normatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Visum et Repertum sangat berguna dan bermanfaat untuk memperkuat pembuktian tindak pidana penganiayaan dan apabila terdapat perbedaan dengan keterangan terdakwa, keterangan dari terdakwa dapat ditolak jika hakim mengetahui bahwa itu adalah keterangan palsu atau tidak sesuai dengan alat bukti lainnya