Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sriwijaya: Open Journal Systems
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Kedudukan Harato Pusako Tinggi yang Berbatasan dengan Tanah Timbul Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Pertanahan
No full textPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari adanya sengketa tumpang tindih klaim kepemilikan antara masyarakat hukum adat Kaum selaku penguasa tanah harato pusako tinggi dengan pemerintah Kota Pariaman selaku penguasa tanah timbul (pasie maelo) dalam permohonan pendaftaran hak atas tanah, yang terjadi di wilayah pesisir Kota Pariaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi penguasaan pasie maelo atau tanah timbul karena pergeseran garis pantai berdasarkan hukum pertanahan serta menganalisis kedudukan tanah harato pusako tinggi sebagai tanah hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat yang berbatasan dengan tanah timbul dalam Putusan Nomor 55/Pdt.G/2022/Pn.Pmn. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian doktrinal berdasarkan data sekunder, dengan penelitian yang bersifat eksplanatoris dan kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penguasaan tanah timbul dilakukan menyesuaikan pada keadaan dari tanah timbul, sehingga dapat dikuasai secara langsung oleh negara, maupun dilakukan berdasarkan hak terdahulu dan asas kepentingan umum. Penguasaan dan pelepasan tanah timbul harus dilaksanakan dengan memperhatikan asas Contradictoire Delimitatie, yaitu asas dalam hukum pertanahan yang mendahulukan kesepakatan batas tanah. Dalam penelitian juga diperoleh temuan bahwa tanah harato pusako tinggi adalah tanah ulayat yang diakui dalam hukum positif dan dalam Putusan Nomor 55/Pdt.G/2022/Pn.Pmn, Kaum Para Penggugat diakui dan dilindungi eksistensinya sebagai masyarakat hukum adat. Dengan demikian, kedudukan tanah harato pusako tinggi diakui dalam ius constitutum dan tidak boleh diklaim tanpa persetujuan masyarakat hukum adat yang menguasainya
Conscientious Avoidance: How Knowledge in the Prosecutorial System Shapes Indonesia’s Transition?
No full textThe prevailing view in transitional justice studies suggests that Indonesia is experiencing a political transition without justice. In this article, we attempt to examine the conscientious avoidance of criminal prosecution of past gross human rights violation cases. Through the lens of sociology of punishment, we identify three factors that shape this current penal decision: the knowledge and domination in the penal system, the human rights-focused criminal victim protection and the welfare assistance as a symbolic reparation aimed at neutralising past atrocity crimes. This research employs a narrative approach under the discipline of socio-legal studies. This article contends that the decentralised structure of knowledge within the penal system reflects the dominance and authority in penal decisions, which consist of competing groups and interests. This complexity poses challenges at the institutional level in transforming the political motives behind past atrocities into criminal justice knowledge. The evolving nature of this knowledge within the country’s penal system indicates a future path for the prosecution of past atrocity crimes
Application of Patent Law to Software in the IoT Context
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising field. It is estimated that around 75.44 billion devices will be connected by 2025. Undeniably, IoT will deeply impact the current intellectual property system. Many issues will be revisited and examined. This article addresses software patent protection in light of IoT. Software patent protection criteria are still embroiled in controversy. The authors examine the patentability of software in general and in the IoT context in the US, EU, UK, and Malaysian legal systems to determine the appropriate protection mechanism for software that perplexes the idea-expression dichotomy as the main premise of the copyright-patent distinction. The research is a theoretical qualitative study which traces law-related articles on IoT and software patents from multiple databases such as Hein Online and LexisNexis. The study also discussed court cases related to software and computer program patents. Furthermore, it relies on an analytical discussion of statutes and legislations in the US, EU, UK, and Malaysia, concluding that there is a conflation of computer programs and software. If the two terms are interpreted precisely in accordance with their meanings, IoT software inventions will not be at the centre of the controversy about the applicability of patent law.
Combating Phoenix Activity in Bangladesh: Insights from Australian Recent Reforms
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Many businesspeople employ deceptive tactics to generate profit. Among the worst offenders are those engaged in illegal phoenixing—a deliberate scheme to evade creditors by transferring company assets be-fore the company is liquidated. The absence of robust legal safeguards against this unethical and economically harmful practice exacerbates creditors’ losses, often impacting small depositors. It is, therefore, the state’s responsibility to close legal loopholes and strengthen laws to curb phoenixing by unscrupulous corporate directors. Recognising this, Aus-tralia reinforced its corporate legal framework in 2020 by amending its corporations’ legislation to combat illegal phoenixing. The reform im-poses statutory duties on corporate officers, including directors, to pre-vent creditor-defeating dispositions and holds individuals personally liable—both criminally and civilly—for engaging in, procuring, facilitat-ing, or encouraging such asset transfers. In contrast, Bangladesh lacks specific legal prohibitions against phoenixing, despite facing a more se-vere problem than Australia. Instead of tackling corporate misconduct, regulatory efforts have primarily focused on disciplining lenders in loan approvals, leaving delinquent borrowers or indebted companies un-checked. This article primarily examines Australia’s recent anti-phoenixing reforms and proposes legal overhauls for Bangladesh to ad-dress this persistent issue. The recommendations aim to prevent fraudu-lent asset transfers, safeguard financial institutions, and hold accounta-ble culpable corporate directors and officers. The findings may also benefit other jurisdictions confronting similar challenges
The Principle of Proportionality in Drug Control Policy in the Philippines and Indonesia
No full textThe war on drugs has become a global concern, particularly in Southeast Asia, where drug-related crimes are considered a serious threat to national and international security. Two cases that will be discussed relate to the anti-drug campaigns in the Philippines and Indonesia, both of which have attracted attention due to their controversial law enforcement methods. This study aims to compare the application of the principle of proportionality in drug law enforcement in both countries, focusing on whether the actions taken align with international human rights standards. This research employs a juridical-comparative method, analysing legal policies, government policies, and human rights-related case facts from both countries. In the Philippines, the campaign under President Duterte's administration raised significant concerns regarding extrajudicial killings and the excessive use of power, which deviates from the principle of proportional enforcement. In contrast, Indonesia adopts a more judicial approach, although it still faces criticism for harsh verdicts and the implementation of the death penalty. The findings will reveal significant differences in how the principle of proportionality is interpreted and applied, influenced by political will, law, and institutional accountability. While both countries claim to uphold the rule of law, the level of adherence to the principle of proportionality varies greatly. This study concludes that a balanced and human rights-based approach is essential for sustainable and ethical enforcement of drug policy in Southeast Asia
KAPITA SELEKTA HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN MINUMAN KERAS TANPA IZIN
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketentuan hukum pidana terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan minuman keras tanpa izin. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan sifat deskriptif-normatif, yaitu memaparkan data yang diperoleh di lapangan kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan kerangka peraturan perundang-undangan, termasuk Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan peraturan terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hukum pidana Islam, sanksi terhadap tindak pidana yang berkaitan dengan minuman keras ditetapkan dalam bentuk hukuman cambuk, yakni empat puluh kali atau delapan puluh kali, bergantung pada tingkat pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Penulis berpendapat bahwa ketentuan tersebut mencerminkan prinsip keadilan retributif, di mana hukuman dijatuhkan sebanding dengan tingkat pelanggaran yang dilakukan pelaku. Dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam, sanksi tersebut juga dimaksudkan sebagai upaya preventif sekaligus represif dalam menjaga ketertiban masyarakat. Sementara itu, dalam hukum positif Indonesia, pengaturan mengenai perdagangan minuman keras tanpa izin tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan. Pasal 106 juncto Pasal 24 ayat (1) mengatur adanya ancaman pidana berupa kurungan dan denda bagi pelaku yang memperdagangkan minuman keras tanpa izin resmi. Dengan demikian, jika ditinjau melalui pendekatan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah maupun teori tujuan pemidanaan, ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan relevan dan sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum pidana Islam. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keselarasan antara hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum pidana Islam dalam menegakkan aturan terhadap perdagangan minuman keras tanpa izin
QUESTIONING THE ROLE OF ADAT CRIMINAL LAW IN INDONESIA’S CRIMINAL CODE REFORM: A POST-KUHP 2023 PERSPECTIVE
No full textThe enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP 2023) marks a significant shift in Indonesia’s legal landscape, particularly concerning the recognition and integration of Adat Criminal Law within the national legal framework. This study explores the future prospects of Indonesia’s criminal law reform, focusing on the coexistence of statutory and customary law, judicial application of adat norms, human rights considerations, local governance roles, public perception, and policy directions. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines the legal, sociological, and political justifications for adat law recognition, its challenges in enforcement, and the implications for Indonesia’s legal pluralism. Key findings highlight the complexities of judicial discretion in applying adat law, the need for harmonization with constitutional protections, and public attitudes toward adat-based justice mechanisms. Additionally, this study proposes policy recommendations for ensuring legal certainty, judicial training, and technological advancements in adat law documentation. By addressing these challenges, Indonesia can establish a balanced legal system that respects customary traditions while aligning with national and international legal standards
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF LAW NO. 21 OF 2007 ON THE PROTECTION AND ERADICATION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING AS A TRANSNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN INDONESIA
Full text linkHuman Trafficking (TPPO) is a structured and systematic form of crime that violates human rights as the inherent rights of human beings as creations of God Almighty. This crime not only occurs in Indonesia but has also become a transnational crime, in which the rampant practice of human trafficking is often not accompanied by optimal protection for victims and effective countermeasures against perpetrators. Based on this, this paper aims to examine how national law regulates the crime of human trafficking, as well as how the Indonesian national legal system provides protection and countermeasures, by considering the factors that cause the crime of human trafficking. The research method employed in this paper is a juridical-normative approach, which examines and analyzes the implementation of legal provisions in legislation concerning human trafficking crimes, utilizing secondary data derived from library research. Therefore, this paper will discuss Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, which not only regulates criminal sanctions for perpetrators and the protection of victims' rights but also examines how countermeasures are taken against the crime of human trafficking. Consequently, the results of this study demonstrate that Law No. 21 of 2007 has comprehensively regulated the scope of TPPO, encompassing both criminal aspects for perpetrators and protection for victims including restitution, rehabilitation, and confidentiality of identity. Thus, this regulation becomes a concrete instrument for strengthening cooperation with various stakeholders and serves as a key factor in the success of preventing, protecting, and eradicating trafficking in persons as a transnational crime, particularly in Indonesia
PELINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMEGANG POLIS ASURANSI ELEKTRONIK DALAM PEMBELIAN BARANG MELALUI MARKETPLACE
Full text linkMarketplace merupakan aplikasi atau situs web yang memberi fasilitas jual beli online dari berbagai sumber. Pemilik situs web atau aplikasi tidak memiliki produk apapun dan bisnis mereka hanya menyajikan produk orang lain kepada pengguna kemudian memfasilitasinya. Marketplace juga sudah menyediakan opsi asuransi dalam bentuk digital untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada konsumen apabila barang yang dibelinya mengalami kerusakan dan lain sebagainya. Konsumen yang setuju untuk menggunakan asuransi akan mendapatkan polis dalam bentuk elektronik. Namun pada kenyataannya konsumen mengalami kesulitan pada saat melakukan proses klaim asuransi yang ditawarkan marketplace. Salah satu kasus bermula pada saat konsumen melakukan pembelian terhadap perabotan rumah tangga yang terbuat dari kayu melalui marketplace. Pada saat barang tiba terdapat beberapa kerusakan pada perabotan sehingga konsumen melaporkan pada pihak marketplace dan klaim asuransi disetujui. Akan tetapi, ada kendala karena berat produk yang dikirimkan oleh seller berbeda dengan konsumen sehingga pihak marketplace memerlukan analisa lebih lanjut. Namun hingga tenggat waktu yang ditetapkan klaim asuransi yang diajukan tidak jelas kelanjutannya
Legal Certainty of Income Tax Imposition on Sale and Purchase Transactions of Uncertified Land
Full text linkIn the land registration process, there are tax payment obligations that must be carried out by the parties, both sellers and buyers, before obtaining a certificate issued by the Land Office. Final Income Tax on Transfer of Land and Building Rights (PPh F PHTB) is an obligation that must be paid by the landowner. In the case of uncertified land, PPh F PHTB is imposed on the landowner twice. In addition, the landowner is also charged a one-time Land and Building Acquisition Fee (BPHTB). The tax burden listed does not include other costs such as the cost of charging Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) and other costs associated with the transfer of rights which, when accumulated, tend to burden the landowner. The formulation of the problem discussed in this study is how the legal certainty of income tax imposition on sale and purchase transactions of uncertified land in Indonesia uses a normative juridical approach method to solve problems by examining secondary data in the form of laws and regulations, books, and related documents. The results of the study state that the imposition of final income tax on the transfer of rights to land and buildings (PPh F PHTB) that have not been certified or registration of certificates for the first time is considered not to fulfill aspects of legal certainty and justice. This is because there will be the imposition of Final Income Tax on the Transfer of Rights on Land and Building (PPh F PHTB) in layers on the same object and tax subject