Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Some reflections between city form and mobility.
No full textUrban development is closely linked by a continuous cause - effect alternation of technology that finds itsmaximum application in the city, and in particular in the transport system to support the multiple formsof mobility.From the historical reading of urban processes, it is in fact possible to extrapolate strengths andweaknesses, positive and negative externalities, of mobility and recognize the recurring elements in theevolution of the city form. The aim of the paper is to build a reorganization of knowledge betweenliterature and comparisons of city forms to extrapolate from the past possible approaches to evaluate thepresent on the occasion of multiple and contextual transitions such as energy, digital and ecologicalones
Climate adaptation in the Mediterranean: Where are we?
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships between urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers written by young researchers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal.
In particular, the Urban planning literature review section aims at presenting recent books and journals, within global scientific panorama, on selected topics and issues.
This contribution aims at defining the definition and intervention domain of ecological transition. The outbreak of a novel coronavirus and consequent health, economic and social crisis is leading to a new era: significant financial resources, plenty room for economic manoeuvres may turn the ongoing pandemic into an opportunity, for the next years, to build more sustainable societies and environments. Within this scenario, urban areas play an essential role, as proved in the second paragraph with the support of interesting scientific publications, which are reviewed in the contribution
A glimpse into mobile phone data: characteristics, organization, tools
No full textThis paper aims to present the presence and mobility data provided by TIM, highlighting the acquisition methodology, the levels of spatial and temporal disaggregation, as well as the additional information related to age groups, gender, and classification of behaviours, which are directly supplied by TIM. The construction of a baseline based on mobile phone data for the comparison of temporal trends in the presence of people is also discussed.
At the same time, the supporting data obtained from traditional sources or ad hoc surveys will be presented to show how they can facilitate the interpretation of telephone data, its validation, and its use. Finally, a reference on the operational tools used for their processing and visualization will highlight the need to integrate skills, methodologies, and tools for the maximum exploitation of this wealth of information
Municipal finance, density, and economic development. Empirical evidence from a global sample of cities
No full textThis research focuses on how population density may influence the municipal expenditure using a global dataset from UN-Habitat. Specifically, we test its role on different budget categories, including sanitation, waste, water, affordable housing, and security. We find that in general density is likely to be correlated with expenditure. This evidence is not robust across the considered expenditure categories. Rather, population density is likely to influence specific budget items and its explanatory power varies as we consider different measures of it. Among control variables, we point out the significance and magnitude of the regressors related to economic development, which in some cases matters more than density in explaining some expenditure categories. Findings suggest that making cities denser can be a valuable option of urban policy, if the target is expenditure optimization. Nonetheless, this works only when it is combined with a mix of other factors, and location is also considered
New scenarios for safe mobility in urban areas: emerging topics from an international debate
No full textThe paper presents the emerging topics of the international debate for safe mobility in urban areas with an innovative interpretation. This is the bibliometric mapping of the most recurrent concepts (keywords) of almost 80 scientific publications. The paper framework moves from the issue of the “sustainability” of cities to the “safe” and “innovative” city through a mobility lens. In Europe by 2030 cities have to become climate-neutral and some main urban strategy to achieve this result is focused on transport and mobility sectors. The interpretation of the bibliometric mapping results leads to highlighting the shortcomings of some topics within the scientific debate. The Qualiquantitaive Data Analysis was applied to set the interdependency among research fields and better understand the interrelation among the different topics. The key concepts of ‘time’ and ‘innovation’ don’t emerge clearly as an object of research and they will be included in future reflections about the transformative capacity of the city through sustainability and in the development of city strategies
Post-Covid cities and mobility
No full textMobility is considered a central topic for urban regeneration in metropolitan cities, in relation to the impact on traffic congestion, air pollution, public space quality, social inclusion. During the Covid-19 pandemic, mobility patterns have been strongly affected by the spread of the virus and the social distancing measures. In the last months, many cities have adopted mobility strategies for urban resilience, to face the crisis by the reorganization of infrastructures and networks with a glance at a prevention of an unsustainable return to private transport in the post-covid phase. In this context, the research illustrated in this paper, developed within a collaboration between Sapienza University of Rome and Roma Tre University, aims to propose an "anti-fragile" strategy for “post covid Rome”, adaptable to other contexts of European cities, starting from an integrated approach to urban planning and mobility. The research methodology has articulated the activities into three phases. The phase of analysis of the phenomena and the main scientific references relating to urban resilience and antifragility, highlighting the the relationship between urban form and mobility models. The second phase relates to the study of the main ongoing strategies and practices in some European metropolitan cities. The third phase proposes an operational hypothesis of an antifragile strategy for Rome highlighting the relevance of mobility transition. In the conclusion, the paper defines guidelines for urban regeneration combining the results of the case studies and the experimentation.  
The 15-minute city as a hybrid model for Milan
No full textWith a special focus on Milan, we explore the interpretation of the 15-minute city as a hybrid model, where soft mobility is integrated in a holistic urbanism approach. Contemporary urban challenges, synthetized in the 15-minute city model, look for a sustainable “proximity mix”: mix of uses (overcoming rigid zoning and building codes), mix of inhabitants and users, mix of time schedules and multi-purpose open space. The proposed hybrid approach considers the living-working urban experience as a whole: it proposes to consider, as a starting point for measuring the timeframe of 15 minutes, not only homes but workplaces as well. It welcomes innovative working facilities among those to be considered as essential services reachable within the 15-minute walking timeframe and it integrates open spaces within urban infrastructures by mixing the neighborhood “eco-system” –both of environment and mobility– and designing them around the central role of walking
The weapons of the city against pandemic assaults
No full textThe cyclical spread of the pandemic requires a modification of the urban and territorial planning tools and a national anti-pandemic urban and territorial plan. The objective of the paper is to present some proposals for the protection from Covid risk, with a flexible reorganization of the times, spaces of the city and the territory. The working methodology consists in the revision of procedures for the protection from seismic risks and their expansion and complexification for the protection from pandemic risk. Some summary results of the study, currently being completed, concern suggestions for the search for a symbiosis between the city of concentration, peripheralization and diffusion with the introduction of flexible, temporary and uncertain uses. But the possibility of reducing socio-spatial inequalities in cities, regions and the country can only be pursued in the context of European funding from the Recovery Plan. The conclusions show that, with the recurrence of "mutant" pandemics, the city abandons the certainty of a continuity, in alternating phases, of development, the stability of uses and times of use of the urban space, favored by the permanence of habits and forms of consolidated life, and it will become a transforming city, a two-faced city
Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic in inner areas
No full textWhile the impacts of the Covid-19 outbreak on urban areas have been deeply investigated, the effects of the virus on sparsely populated and marginal areas are still poorly explored. In Italy, those “inner” areas are often characterized by processes of marginalization due to aging and loss of population, low occupational rate and income, a progressive deprivation of local know-how, and the shrinking of essential services. Yet, a reverse migration from urban centers to rural and peripheral areas has been reported worldwide among the main effects of the Covid-19 pandmic, being in some cases an opportunity to slow down and even reverse the process of marginalization. By combining mobile phone and socio-spatial data, this paper aims to analyze the space-time variability of human presence before and during the Covid-19 lockdown in the Apennine area of the e province of Piacenza, a representative case of Italy's inner areas, to read if and how the pandemic has contributed to modify the rhythms and trends of those territories. Two dynamics have been investigated: remote and near-home tourism. In addition to provide a picture of the changes that occurred in these marginal contexts, the outcomes have shown the great potentiality of mobile phone data, along with some limits that may prejudice their usability, particularly for territorial research in low-density areas. 
Trigger urban and regional planning to cope with seismic risks: management, evaluation and mitigation
No full textThis article - published in Italian in 1995 with the title “Verso un progetto mirato all’organizzazione e alla gestione di un piano di mitigazione dei rischi sismici” in E.D.Sanfilippo e P. La Greca (eds) Piano e Progetto nelle aree a rischio sismico/Planning and design in seismic risk areas, Gangheri Editore, ISBN 88-7448-520-4, Roma – is published again in this new section of TeMA Journal, Evergreen, in its literal English translation. This section aims at drawing the attention of the international scientific community to papers that, despite the passing of time, still present elements of significative scientific interest – insights, anticipations and reflections – enough to deserve careful read back.
Abstract
Earthquakes account for the most relevant natural risks with a high index of unpredictability that afflict many countries in the world, in many of which the level of development and socio-economic conditions do not allow an adequate response to the effects caused by catastrophes. The unsuitability of public structures and the lack of awareness and consciousness within public opinion towards seismic risk, which is already severely disregarded in industrialised countries, is accentuated in developing countries where populations are daily harassed by the struggle to satisfy the most basic needs.