Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Editorial Preface. Smart Cities: Researches, Projects And Good Practices For Infrastructures
No full textTowards Intelligently - Sustainable Cities?
No full textIn the quest for achieving sustainable cities, Intelligent and Knowledge City Programmes (ICPs and KCPs) represent cost-efficient strategies for improving the overall performance of urban systems. However, even though nobody argues on the desirability of making cities “smarter”, the fundamental questions of how and to what extent can ICPs and KCPs contribute to the achievement of urban sustainability lack a precise answer. In the attempt of providing a structured answer to these interrogatives, this paper presents a methodology developed for investigating the modalities through which ICPs and KCPs contribute to the achievement or urban sustainability. Results suggest that ICPs and KCPs efficacy lies in supporting cities achieve a sustainable urban metabolism through optimization, innovation and behavior changes.In the quest for achieving sustainable cities, Intelligent and Knowledge City Programmes (ICPs and KCPs) represent cost-efficient strategies for improving the overall performance of urban systems. However, even though nobody argues on the desirability of making cities “smarter”, the fundamental questions of how and to what extent can ICPs and KCPs contribute to the achievement of urban sustainability lack a precise answer. In the attempt of providing a structured answer to these interrogatives, this paper presents a methodology developed for investigating the modalities through which ICPs and KCPs contribute to the achievement or urban sustainability. Results suggest that ICPs and KCPs efficacy lies in supporting cities achieve a sustainable urban metabolism through optimization, innovation and behavior changes
Smart Mobility: opportunità e condizioni
No full textSmart mobility is often presented, in the strategies for smart cities that public institutions and private big players are promoting, as one of the main options, if not “the option”, to pursue more sustainable transport systems.Most of the opportunities of smart mobility are related to technological innovations for managing and organizing trips and traffic and for improving the environmental efficiency of vehicles; but the impacts of these innovations, in particular over the long term, depend on how they are embedded by the users in their daily activities and practices.These “boundary conditions” are often disregarded, just as they generally concern not a technological dimension, but the psychological-cognitive and socio-cultural domain. The paper tries to analyze these boundary conditions, which opportunities they can support and which risks can emerge if they are not fulfilled.It also tries to argue, by some experiences from the case of Turin (an Italian city that is considered at the cutting edge of smart mobility), why at the heart of smart mobility policies there should be citizens instead of technologies, and why these policies should be supported and integrated by other measures and policies (for transports, urban planning, education and so on) in order to influence the behavior and the choices of these citizens. La smart mobility è oggi spesso indicata, nelle strategie per le smart cities promosse sia da istituzionali pubbliche – dall’Unione europea alle singole città – sia da big player privati, come una delle strade principali, se non “la strada” per eccellenza, per perseguire una maggiore sostenibilità dei sistemi di trasporto. Molte delle opportunità che essa offre in tal senso sono connesse a innovazioni tecnologiche relative sia alla gestione e organizzazione dei flussi di spostamento, sia ai mezzi di trasporto; ma gli impatti di tali innovazioni, soprattutto sul lungo periodo, dipendono da come esse vengono incorporate dagli utenti nelle proprie pratiche ed attività quotidiane. Queste “condizioni al contorno” sono spesso trascurate, proprio in quanto sono per lo più esterne alla dimensione prettamente tecnologica, e connesse invece ad aspetti inerenti la sfera psicologico-cognitiva e quella socio-culturale. Il lavoro prende in esame quali sono queste condizioni per una mobilità davvero smart, quali le opportunità che esse possono favorire e quali invece i rischi che possono presentarsi nel caso esse non si verifichino. Prova quindi ad argomentare, con numerosi riferimenti al caso della città di Torino (all’avanguardia, o presunta tale, nel campo della mobilità intelligente) perché è cruciale che al centro delle politiche di smart mobility siano posti i cittadini con i loro comportamenti, piuttosto che le tecnologie, e che tali politiche siano affiancate ed integrate da altre misure e strategie (trasportistiche, socio-edicative, territoriali ecc.), volte ad indirizzare questi comportamenti verso le traiettorie desiderate.
Siracusa, Smart City Euromediterranea
No full textAbout three years ago, the City of Siracusa has started a serious reflection about the crisis, about its model of development and its problems related to its territorial marginality. In this context, it lodged a service "Complex Programs and EU Policies" internal the Department of Public Works as the first embryo of the future Urban Center in Siracusa. The Smarter Cities Challenge program, sponsored by IBM, provides, for the years 2011-2012-2013 a selection through a call, a hundred cities around the world that offer a program of counseling on territorial issues, urban, social, exposed by the city in challenge. The program for 2012, selected Siracusa, the only Italian city in a hundred choices, with a theme that emphasizes the need to find methods (smart) to integrate the two systems, the industrial and the historical, cultural, into the overall Siracusa system territorial. The advent of smart policies also confirms the trend that characterized the most evolved from the most marginal realities in Europe. For the realities of the Euro-Mediterranean area, such as Siracusa, the winners model’s urban policies originate from the most evolved and developed, where the economy is more structured and able to assume the active role of actors development and urban transformations. So, a universal language of transformations really exist? The same model development produces the same results everywhere, regardless the places and the people tribe? To promote smart Siracusa means, not only, economic innovation promotion, social inclusion and environmental sustainability, but also: Siracusa intends to strengthen its image as innovation land and to evolve into a center of excellence for smart policies.L’Amministrazione Comunale di Siracusa ha inaugurato, poco più di tre anni fa, una seria riflessione sulla crisi, sul suo modello di sviluppo e sulle problematiche territoriali legate alla sua marginalità geografica. In tale contesto ha costituito, presso l’Assessorato Lavori Pubblici il servizio “Programmi Complessi e Politiche Comunitarie” come primo embrione del costituendo Urban Center di Siracusa.Il programma Smarter Cities Challenge, promosso da IBM, prevede, per gli anni 2011-2012-2013 la selezione, tramite bando, di cento città nel mondo a cui offrire un programma di consulenza relativamente a problematiche territoriali, urbane, sociali evidenziate dalle città nel challenge. Il programma, per il 2012, ha visto la selezione di Siracusa, unica città italiana delle cento scelte, con un tema che sottolinea la necessità di trovare metodologie (smart) per integrare i due sistemi, quello industriale e quello storico culturale, nel complessivo sistema territoriale di Siracusa.Promuovere Siracusa SmaRt implica, non solo, favorire l’innovazione economica, l’inclusione sociale e la sostenibilità ambientale, ma anche:- promuovere l’innovazione nella tutela e valorizzazione dei BB.CC.AA.;- incentivare la ricerca nell’ambito delle energie rinnovabili;- rendere efficiente il sistema della logistica e dei flussi di merci, persone ed idee;- promuovere la condivisione attiva delle scelte per favorire l’approccio sistemico alle sfide globali;- connettere ed integrare le infrastrutture ed i servizi urbani grazie allo sviluppo di soluzioni intelligenti basate su ICT (information and comunication technologies)
Walkability of School Surroundings and its Impact on Pedestrian Behaviour
No full textPedestrian accident is a serious problem in Jordan. It is believedthat walking environment is a contributory factor. This study looks intopedestrian environment in schools’ vicinity. Seventeen schools were selectedand 231 students were followed from school to home. Results showed that 15% ofobserved subjects were involved in conflicts. Average walking time is 17 minutes;almost half of this time is spent either by walking on street or crossing. Femalesare involved in less conflict and they spend less time in traffic. Drivers givepriority to pedestrian in one-thirds of all observed crossing with preferenceto males.Pedestrian accident is a serious problem in Jordan. It is believedthat walking environment is a contributory factor. This study looks intopedestrian environment in schools’ vicinity. Seventeen schools were selectedand 231 students were followed from school to home. Results showed that 15% ofobserved subjects were involved in conflicts. Average walking time is 17 minutes;almost half of this time is spent either by walking on street or crossing. Femalesare involved in less conflict and they spend less time in traffic. Drivers givepriority to pedestrian in one-thirds of all observed crossing with preferenceto males
The Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing and Intelligent Algorithms, Case of Mahabad, Iran
No full textThe simulation of urban growth can be considered as a useful way for analyzing the complex process of urban physical evolution. The aim of this study is to model and simulate the complex patterns of land use change by utilizing remote sensing and artificial intelligence techniques in the fast growing city of Mahabad, north-west of Iran which encountered with several environmental subsequences. The key subject is how to allocate optimized weight into effective parameters upon urban growth and subsequently achieving an improved simulation. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) algorithm was used to allocate the weight via an iteration approach. In this way, weight allocation was carried out by the ANN training accomplishing through time-series satellite images representing urban growth process. Cellular Automata (CA) was used as the principal motor of the model and then ANN applied to find suitable scale of parameters and relations between potential factors affecting urban growth. The general accuracy of the suggested model and obtained Fuzzy Kappa Coefficient confirms achieving better results than classic CA models in simulating nonlinear urban evolution process.The simulation of urban growth can be considered as a useful way for analyzing the complex process of urban physical evolution. The aim of this study is to model and simulate the complex patterns of land use change by utilizing remote sensing and artificial intelligence techniques in the fast growing city of Mahabad, north-west of Iran which encountered with several environmental subsequences. The key subject is how to allocate optimized weight into effective parameters upon urban growth and subsequently achieving an improved simulation. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) algorithm was used to allocate the weight via an iteration approach. In this way, weight allocation was carried out by the ANN training accomplishing through time-series satellite images representing urban growth process. Cellular Automata (CA) was used as the principal motor of the model and then ANN applied to find suitable scale of parameters and relations between potential factors affecting urban growth. The general accuracy of the suggested model and obtained Fuzzy Kappa Coefficient confirms achieving better results than classic CA models in simulating nonlinear urban evolution process
Resources and Energy Management: the case of the Agropoli Urban Plan
No full textThe theme of the resources management, of the energy-environment retrofitting framed in strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change, aimed at energy saving, energy generating from alternative sources, metabolism and natural resources is one of the central topics the City Urban Planning of the City of Agropoli, currently approved by Resolution of the City Council no. 110 of 18.04.2013.The plan is part of the wider system of actions taken by the Municipality to achieve the objectives on the environment posed by the European Union with the Directive " EP seals climate change package 20-20-20". In particular the planning tool provides a series of actions aimed at containing the uses energy through measures to rationalize, do not waste and reduce the use of non-renewable resources, by promoting "best practices" from the management of public assets, the use of innovative technologies in all sectors and activities; the diffusion of renewable energy production, with care to avoid impacts and interference with the historical landscape, including the promotion of programs and interventions of public management. The different strategic projects will take care of specific actions also for the experimental use of innovative technologies.The article proposes, within the framework of strategies and actions at the European level for small municipalities, the example of the City of Agropoli drawing conclusions and reflections on the theme of energy saving relative to the housing stock.The theme of the resources management, of the energy-environment retrofitting framed in strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change, aimed at energy saving, energy generating from alternative sources, metabolism and natural resources is one of the central topics the City Urban Planning of the City of Agropoli, currently approved by Resolution of the City Council no. 110 of 18.04.2013.The plan is part of the wider system of actions taken by the Municipality to achieve the objectives on the environment posed by the European Union with the Directive " EP seals climate change package 20-20-20". In particular the planning tool provides a series of actions aimed at containing the uses energy through measures to rationalize, do not waste and reduce the use of non-renewable resources, by promoting "best practices" from the management of public assets, the use of innovative technologies in all sectors and activities; the diffusion of renewable energy production, with care to avoid impacts and interference with the historical landscape, including the promotion of programs and interventions of public management. The different strategic projects will take care of specific actions also for the experimental use of innovative technologies.The article proposes, within the framework of strategies and actions at the European level for small municipalities, the example of the City of Agropoli drawing conclusions and reflections on the theme of energy saving relative to the housing stock
European strategies for smarter cities
No full textOn a worldwide scale, cities and regions must tackle the challenges set by the radical change in our society and in our economy, aiming to develop effective public policies and boost their managerial, evaluation and planning skills. Anyway, it is essential to put a new idea of city at the centre of the smart strategies in order to bring policies back to their former central position, since technologies alone cannot generate welfare and prosperity. Local leadership, integrated planning and a rich social fabric go hand in hand, the social capital being able to produce an added value for the cities. We are exactly in a new phase of urban growth centred on the economy of services characterized by widespread digital technologies and new innovative organization patterns, which encourage the participation in the civic policy processes through the realization of structures to share information and data so as to define intervention policies. The most recent studies and trials about innovation and competitiveness, such as the examples illustrated in the present work (Amsterdam, Paredes, Aarhus and Gent) show a growing interest in measuring the relationship between innovation and economic growth at various territorial levels, key factors in conceiving inclusive smart strategies, linked to principles of sustainability and territorial cohesion, and building smarter cities. In the light of these remarks, the article is divided into three parts: the first part is focussed on the above-mentioned central issues of the international debate; the second part examines four significant European initiatives; the third part draws preliminary conclusions and directions for further research.Cities and regions must tackle the challenges set by the radical change in our society and in our economy, aiming to develop effective public policies and boost their managerial, evaluation and planning skills. Therefore, it is essential to put a new idea of city at the centre of the smart strategies in order to bring policies back to their former central position, since technologies alone cannot generate welfare and prosperity. We are in a new phase of urban growth centred on the economy of services characterized by widespread digital technologies and new innovative organization patterns, which encourage the participation in the civic policy processes through the realization of structures to share information and data so as to define intervention policies. The most recent studies and trials about innovation and competitiveness, such as the examples illustrated in the present work (Amsterdam, Paredes, Aarhus and Gent), show a growing interest in measuring the relationship between innovation and economic growth at various territorial levels, key factors in conceiving inclusive smart strategies, linked to principles of sustainability and territorial cohesion, and building smarter cities. In the light of these remarks, the article is divided into three main parts: the first part is focussed on the above-mentioned central issues of the international debate; the second part examines four significant European initiatives; the third part draws preliminary conclusions and directions for further research