Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Tourism and City. Reflections about Tourist Dimension of Smart City
No full textThe city of the future seems to be necessarily “intelligent” both in its physical and in functional features.This paper starts from the consideration that the diffusion of new communication technologies (ICTs) is significantly changing the urban supply system of tourist services giving rise to new ways of enjoying the city.As tourism can be assumed as an urban activity, by a town planning point of view, the study of tourism is meaningful to identify development trajectories of the present cities targeted to sustainable and smarter models.As a matter of fact, almost all the projects to get a “smart city” are based on the idea of joining the potentialities of ICTs and the needs of urban management through people living or using the city.In such a vision, “tourist dimension” of the city becomes fundamental in promoting urban image as well as in improving efficiency of the city. This efficiency also depends on the capability of each city to share historical and cultural heritage as “common good”.As tourist demand has deeply changed also driven by technological development, this paper tries to investigate how the urban supply will change in order to meet the rising demand of quality and efficiency. The transition to smart tourist destination currently seems to be strongly connected with the number and the variety of apps to improve the “experiential component”. A lack of interest there seems to be in finding strategies and policies oriented to plan the urban supply of services tourist or not.This consideration, if shared, opens up new perspectives for research and experimentation in which city planning could have a key-role also in proposing an holistic approach to city development towards smart city.The city of the future seems to be necessarily “intelligent” both in its physical and in functional features.This paper starts from the consideration that the diffusion of new communication technologies (ICTs) is significantly changing the urban supply system of tourist services giving rise to new ways of enjoying the city.As tourism can be assumed as an urban activity, by a town planning point of view, the study of tourism is meaningful to identify development trajectories of the present cities targeted to sustainable and smarter models.As a matter of fact, almost all the projects to get a “smart city” are based on the idea of joining the potentialities of ICTs and the needs of urban management through people living or using the city.In such a vision, “tourist dimension” of the city becomes fundamental in promoting urban image as well as in improving efficiency of the city. This efficiency also depends on the capability of each city to share historical and cultural heritage as “common good”.As tourist demand has deeply changed also driven by technological development, this paper tries to investigate how the urban supply will change in order to meet the rising demand of quality and efficiency. The transition to smart tourist destination currently seems to be strongly connected with the number and the variety of apps to improve the “experiential component”. A lack of interest there seems to be in finding strategies and policies oriented to plan the urban supply of services tourist or not.This consideration, if shared, opens up new perspectives for research and experimentation in which city planning could have a key-role also in proposing an holistic approach to city development towards smart city
Collecting Distributed Knowledge For Community’s Smart Changes
No full textThe paper deals with the role of ICT in innovating government’s and the whole process of “policy production process”. By enhancing the connections between various governmental and social organizations, ICT supported knowledge flow s and the associated Socio Technical System may be a vehicle to support innovation in the public sector. In fact, they would enable governments to better cope with the uncertainties of a complex environment.The MIDA Project carried out in the territory of Asti Province (Piedmont) can be considered as an attempt to engage in building such as a system.The Project uses a crowd sourcing approach and it involves citizens in collecting data concerning broadband coverage, Internet access and usages. From a research standpoint, MIDA represented an opportunity to test the role of Internet as a dynamic collaborative environment where statistically relevant data and interpreted information could be merged.In terms of policy, the project stood as an opportunity for the local government to engage itself in a new policy approach to grasp people’s needs and improve service delivery.The paper deals with the role of ICT in innovating government’s and the whole process of “policy production process”. By enhancing the connections between various governmental and social organizations, ICT supported knowledge flow s and the associated Socio Technical System may be a vehicle to support innovation in the public sector. In fact, they would enable governments to better cope with the uncertainties of a complex environment.The MIDA Project carried out in the territory of Asti Province (Piedmont) can be considered as an attempt to engage in building such as a system.The Project uses a crowd sourcing approach and it involves citizens in collecting data concerning broadband coverage, Internet access and usages. From a research standpoint, MIDA represented an opportunity to test the role of Internet as a dynamic collaborative environment where statistically relevant data and interpreted information could be merged.In terms of policy, the project stood as an opportunity for the local government to engage itself in a new policy approach to grasp people’s needs and improve service delivery
The Smart Cities and the Challenges of Sustainability
No full textIl saggio intende proporre un’idea di città intelligente, inclusiva e sicura che generi dal proprio interno nuove direzioni per l’architettura e lo spazio urbano e soprattutto migliore capacità di gestione, che incentivi l’uso di energia alternativa, l’ottimizzazione e il risparmio energetico nell’ottica del “metabolismo circolare urbano”, mobilitando risorse tecnologiche e comportamenti capaci di rendere sostenibile, e per questo più competitivo, il territorio. Il saggio affronta le questioni relative alla crisi della città, alla sua complessità e alle nuove aspettative per la città del futuro. Una città del futuro è quella che riesce a garantire l’accessibilità e a risolvere i nodi critici, le situazioni di rischio ambientale e tecnologico, che riesce a regolamentare il tipo di frequentazione degli spazi e la vigilanza presente anche in tempo reale, che affronta l’efficientamento energetico e la messa a norma dell’esistente, che accoglie e si offre rinnovata ai city users, alle comunità in transito. E’ una città versatile, moderna…intelligente.The paper proposes an idea of smart, secure and inclusive city that generates from your extension new directions for architecture and urban space, and especially better management, which encourages the use of alternative energy optimization and energy saving in “optical circular urban metabolism”, mobilizing resources and technological behaviors that can make sustainable, and therefore more competitive territory. The concept of the future city focuses on the optimization of the relationship between technological advancement and challenges of sustainability at the urban scale. A common element in all the cities of the future must be the environmental virtuosity and the participation of smart community. To address the social problems of urban and metropolitan (eg mobility, security and territorial monitoring, education, health, cultural heritage and tourism, green cloud computing, renewable energy and energy efficiency, justice) is not enough to imagine individual services compared to a question varied of services, energy control, urban security; policy must be implemented for environmental performance (efficiency and environmental virtuosity) optimizing the participation of the urban community. The implementation of the new idea of the city will strengthen the effective participation of citizens in decision-making: promoting of digital pages and the use of easy to use tools that allow you to influence the drafting its policies through dialogue systems electronically. An approach to the problems of the city and urban society focuses on “prevention”; the answers given by the planning instruments to the new social needs do not end in the “spatialization” of welfare policies. The cities must re-organize the public spaces, the offer of the services linked to the new request expressed by migrating communities. It means not only to favour the social-heath training and the educational paths relative to welfare and social volunteer services, but also local applications of the telecommunications and remote surveillance. Public spaces and the architecture of dialogue for the dialogue, that reduce the perception of insecurity. Pay attention on urban safety which is a common asset, essential condition for long-lasting development. This is the sign and condition of social inclusion, of the fair access to other common assets, such as training, justice, healthcare, and environmental quality. S ecurity policies are mainly prevention, implementation and rationalization policies of the services and reduction or risks. These policies are based on public services “at hand” which aim at satisfying the performance requirements expected from the service, based on transparency in respect of the users’ rights, in view of customer satisfaction. Multi-ethnic city and security. Elaborate a scientific structure (of knowledge) focused on man, common in multi-ethnic cities in Europe, with the purpose to (evaluate different options) boost the communication and trans-cultural and inter-cultural interaction
Modeling Travel Behavior Impacts of Micro-Scale Land Use and Socio-Economic Factor
No full textThe effects of neighborhood-level land use characteristics on urban travel behavior of Iranian cities are under-researched. The present paper examines such influences in a microscopic scale. In this study the role of socio-economic factors is also studies and compared to that of urban form. Two case-study neighborhoods in west of Tehran are selected and considered, first of which is a centralized and compact neighborhood and the other is a sprawled and centerless one. A Multinomial Logit Regression model is developed to consider the effects of socio-economic and land use factors on urban travel pattern. In addition, to consider the effective factors, cross-sectional comparison between the influences of local accessibility and attractiveness of the neighborhood centers of the two case-study areas are undertaken. Also the causality relationships are considered according to the findings of the survey. The findings indicate significant effects of age and household income as socio-economic factors on transportation mode choice in neighborhoods with central structure. One the other hand, no meaningful association between socio-economic or land use variables are resulted by the model for the sprawled case. The most effective land use concept in micro-scale is considered to be satisfaction of entertainment facilities of the neighborhood. Also the descriptive findings show that the centralized neighborhood that gives more local accessibility to shops and retail generates less shopping trips. In considering the causal relations, the study shows that providing neighborhood infrastructures that increase or ease the accessibility to neighborhood amenities can lead to higher shares of sustainable transportation modes like walking, biking, or public transportation use.The effects of neighborhood-level land use characteristics on urban travel behavior of Iranian cities are under-researched. The present paper examines such influences in a microscopic scale. In this study the role of socio-economic factors is also studies and compared to that of urban form. Two case-study neighborhoods in west of Tehran are selected and considered. A disaggregate linear regression model is developed to consider the effects of socio-economic and land use factors on urban travel pattern. In addition to consider the effective factors, cross-sectional comparison between the influences of local accessibility and attractiveness of the neighborhood centers of the two case-study areas are done. Also the causality relationships are considered according to the findings of the survey. The findings indicate that the socio-economic factors, particularly household income and personal/household car ownership are more effective in defining the sustainability of the transportation mode choice rather than the land use issues. The most effective land use concepts in micro-scale are considered to be satisfaction of entertainment, shops, retail, and public spaces of the neighborhood. In considering the causal relations, the study shows that providing neighborhood infrastructures that increase or ease the accessibility to neighborhood amenities can lead to higher shares of sustainable transportation modes like walking, biking, or public transportation use
ICTs: interfaces between people and places
No full textNonostante la diffusione del paradigma della smart city sia stata esponenziale, con l’effetto di confonderne il significato, il concetto di “città intelligente” indica comunque un tema di ricerca importante, in particolare quando venga esteso a contesti territoriali più ampi. In questo senso, la ricerca La smart region tra Torino e Milano. I servizi mobili come driver di innovazione territoriale in vista di Expo 2015 (Politecnico di Milano-Telecom Italia) si propone di sperimentare l’uso delle ICT per un sistema integrato di servizi nel territorio tra Torino e Milano, anche in prospettiva di Expo 2015: una regione metropolitana valorizzata da un sistema di relazioni già attive e inserita nel contesto più ampio della city-region del Nord Italia, il cui sviluppo va legato ad una strategia di scala vasta, declinabile nella definizione di “smart city-region” o, più semplicemente, di “smart region”. In tale contesto, il ruolo delle università nei processi di sviluppo territoriale, il miglioramento dei servizi materiali e immateriali erogati dai campus, su cui la ricerca (in corso) ha scelto di concentrarsi, può contribuire ad aumentare la sostenibilità e competitività del territorio. Una prima sperimentazione è stata condotta sull’area di Città Studi a Milano, testando una metodologia utile a comprenderne le esigenze e individuando soluzioni e servizi funzionanti su terminali di comunicazione mobile, interfaccia tra persone e luoghi nel campus e nel contesto urbano circostante.Although the spread of the smart city paradigm has been exponential, with a consequent decrease of part of its meaning, the smart city concept still suggests a system of innovative theories and practices. In this sense, the research “The smart region between Turin and Milan. Mobile services as drivers of spatial innovation towards Expo 2015” (Politecnico di Milano-Telecom Italia) is proposed as an opportunity for exploring the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to promote an integrated system of services at the regional scale, also in perspective of the 2015 Universal Exhibition. Considering the transformation of universities into one of the major players in the current processes of urban and regional development, the research (in progress) has chosen to focus on the physical and immaterial services provided by university campuses. The operational phase of the research was developed in the second half of 2012, with a first focus on the Città Studi area in Milan, where the Sustainable Campus project (promoted by Politecnico and Università degli Studi di Milano) is going on. The outcome of the first implementation phase of the research has been the preliminary set up of two smartphone applications and the following development for the prototype of one of them. These APPs refer to some critical issues within the campus: the sharing of spaces for free study and work and the management of the demand and supply for the students housing. The project has also allowed to test a methodology with the aim of understanding the needs and of identifying the opportunities for the development of mobile services as interfaces between people and places in the campus and its urban context
Urban Planners with Renewable Energy Skills
No full textThere is no much tradition to combine urban and energy planning together to fight Climate Change even though energy production with fossil fuels is the main cause to the Change. Pilot training of urban planners in five EU countries such Finland, Germany, Hungary, Spain and the United Kingdom to understand the basics of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy efficiency (EE) has been carried out during 2011-2012 under co-financing of Intelligent Energy Europe. Organizing such pilot training was challenging for many reasons, but the outcome can be consdered highly statisfactory, based on the recorded feedback of trainees and other stakeholders. The project encourages other planning schools in Europe to learn from the experience and to use the published training materials available in ten languages in their curricula.There is no much tradition to combine urban and energy planning together to fight Climate Change even though energy production with fossil fuels is the main cause to the Change. Pilot training of urban planners in five EU countries such Finland, Germany, Hungary, Spain and the United Kingdom to understand the basics of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy efficiency (EE) has been carried out during 2011-2012 under co-financing of Intelligent Energy Europe. Organizing such pilot training was challenging for many reasons, but the outcome can be consdered highly statisfactory, based on the recorded feedback of trainees and other stakeholders. The project encourages other planning schools in Europe to learn from the experience and to use the published training materials available in ten languages in their curricula
Editorial preface. Researches, Projects and Good Practices for the Buildings in Smart Cities
No full textSmart City: riflessioni sull'intelligenza urbana
No full textAnticipating future urban settings where technologies enable actions and interactions among individuals unimaginable only a few years ago, has always been one of the research topics most interesting of the urban sciences although probably not sufficiently considered in the town planning field, in the last twenty years.The acceleration towards these issues, which can be generally identified with the name Smart City, has been strong also because of the recent calls of the European Community and the Italian Ministry of Education and Research. In this important change, supported by a number of technology companies, devices and media, it seems experience a discontinuity in the theoretical definition of the processes involved in structuring and management of the Smart City. Numerous investigations on this topic seem to be developed away from urban sciences and away from the main subject area of interest: the urban planning. In this paper we attempt to bring back the dynamics of development of the Smart Cities in their natural site of theoretical development, by recovering operational approaches and methodological references related to the study of the relationship between new technologies and changes inside the urban system, never really considered in order to envisage a new process of urban and regional planning.Prefigurare assetti urbani futuri nei quali le tecnologie consentano azioni e interazioni fra gli individui inimmaginabili solo pochi anni fa, ha da sempre rappresentato una delle tematiche di ricerca ed approfondimento più interessanti delle scienze della città anche se, probabilmente, non sufficientemente considerate nel dibattito urbanistico del nostro paese degli ultimi venti anni. L’accelerazione verso tali tematiche è stata consistente a partire dai recenti bandi della Comunità Europea e del Ministero dell’Istruzione e della Ricerca Italiano sulle: Smart City. In questa importante svolta, supportata dalle numerose aziende produttrici di tecnologie, dispositivi e media, sembra tuttavia verificarsi una discontinuità nell’ambito della definizione teorica dei processi connessi alla strutturazione ed alla gestione della Smart City. I numerosi approfondimenti sul tema sembrano svilupparsi lontano dalle scienze del governo delle trasformazioni della città e distanti dal principale ambito disciplinare di riferimento: l’urbanistica. Tale discrasia è probabilmente riconducibile a due fattori: da una parte la marginalizzazione del tema relativo a città ed innovazione tecnologica nel dibattito urbanistico nazionale concentratosi su altri, pur importanti, argomenti e, dall’altra l’approccio marcatamente aziendale che la recente accelerazione ha subito e che, in una logica di mercato, tende ad evitare possibili razionalizzazioni dei processi. All’interno del testo verranno proposti approcci, ipotesi e riflessioni probabilmente non strutturate per definire un ordinato sviluppo teorico ma, probabilmente in grado di aprire dimensioni del ragionamento ed indicare possibili scenari che possano essere successivamente ripresi, confutati e riarticolati dagli altri studiosi delle scienze urbane per definirne un nuovo modo di interpretare e tentare di orientare lo sviluppo urbano. Molte delle riflessioni presentate nel seguito rappresentano semplici spunti che necessitano di ulteriori approfondimenti e sviluppi maggiormente strutturati. Ma pare utile avviare un ragionamento che dimostri come la proposizione del modello “smart” per i moderni sistemi urbani non derivi unicamente da necessità tecnicisticamente aziendali, che spingono all’utilizzo di device di controllo urbano, ma possano essere visti come uno stadio evolutivo della città del quale già da tempo si erano prefigurati gli sviluppi. In altre parole obiettivo di questo paper è quello di tentare di ricondurre le dinamiche di sviluppo della SC nel loro naturale alveo di sviluppo teorico-operativo, anche recuperando approcci e riferimenti metodologici riconducibili allo studio del rapporto fra nuove tecnologie e trasformazioni del sistema urbano da tempo sviluppati in sede di ricerca ma mai concretamente adottati per la definizione di nuovi processi di governo della città
