Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Policies of Resilience in the New Institutional Process. The Case-Studies of Palermo and Siracusa in the South of Italy.
No full textAt the end of 2012, the PON METRO National Scheme was set up in Italy, inspired by the EU Urban Agenda. It also allows towns like Palermo to test and reach targets of urban resilience, focusing on mobility and sustainable energy in order to improve life in the cities together with innovative policies of social inclusion. Other medium-sized cities also tried to face the problem of urban resilience without using national funds. The city of Siracusa, for example, made use of EU direct co-financing schemes. This paper aims to analyse the planning projects and measures adopted in Sicily over the past few years in order to examine government approaches focusing on resilience or those that are somehow linked to it. The comparison shows that, despite the wide range of opportunities (European, National and Regional policies, etc.) a number of differences may be listed in the adoption of schemes for urban planning and for the implementation of transition measures from a linear, rational, sequential, normative and regulative approach to the circular, active, flexible and versatile approach needed to tackle the problems linked to urban resilience. This proposal suggests that new policies are needed. The new policies should focus not only on funds but also on the creation of an innovative laboratory of projects involving all the cities in equal ways and on the building of a platform to exchange data and compare the different practices adopted in relation to urban and local resilience.At the end of 2012, the PON METRO National Scheme was set up in Italy, inspired by the EU Urban Agenda. It also allows towns like Palermo to test and reach targets of urban resilience, focusing on mobility and sustainable energy in order to improve life in the cities together with innovative policies of social inclusion. Other medium-sized cities also tried to face the problem of urban resilience without using national funds. The city of Siracusa, for example, made use of EU direct co-financing schemes. This paper aims to analyse the planning projects and measures adopted in Sicily over the past few years in order to examine government approaches focusing on resilience or those that are somehow linked to it. The comparison shows that, despite the wide range of opportunities (European, National and Regional policies, etc.) a number of differences may be listed in the adoption of schemes for urban planning and for the implementation of transition measures from a linear, rational, sequential, normative and regulative approach to the circular, active, flexible and versatile approach needed to tackle the problems linked to urban resilience. This proposal suggests that new policies are needed. The new policies should focus not only on funds but also on the creation of an innovative laboratory of projects involving all the cities in equal ways and on the building of a platform to exchange data and compare the different practices adopted in relation to urban and local resilience
Prediction of Mymensingh Town Future Expansion Using Space Syntax
No full textUrban space changes according to different space use with the passage of time, as seen in land use, location, and land value distribution. The paper intends to analyze the change of integration core related to the growth of commercial land use through different time periods. Two phases of Commercial land-use pattern is studied. The phases are i) 1974, ii) 2013. The entire spatial structure of the commercial land use of Mymensingh reacts to the entire city system, particularly the road network pattern. In this context, this study aims to identify the influence spatial configuration exerts on the location of different types of commercial activity in terms of land use. The results of this study will help to interpret and predict the future commercial land use related to its road network. In this paper the process was conducted in the following steps: Step-01: A field survey was conducted to collect data regarding locations of commercial activity,Step-02: Land-use maps of two phases were collected to analyze the relation between commercial activity and road network,Step-03: Space syntax theory was applied to simulate the data to analyze the relationship and Step-04: Proposition. Urban space changes according to different space use with the passage of time, as seen in land use, location, and land value distribution. The paper intends to analyze the change of integration core related to the growth of commercial land use through different time periods. Two phases of Commercial land-use pattern is studied. The phases are i) 1974, ii) 2013. The entire spatial structure of the commercial land use of Mymensingh reacts to the entire city system, particularly the road network pattern. In this context, this study aims to identify the influence spatial configuration exerts on the location of different types of commercial activity in terms of land use. The results of this study will help to interpret and predict the future commercial land use related to its road network. In this paper the process was conducted in the following steps: Step-01: A field survey was conducted to collect data regarding locations of commercial activity,Step-02: Land-use maps of two phases were collected to analyze the relation between commercial activity and road network,Step-03: Space syntax theory was applied to simulate the data to analyze the relationship and Step-04: Proposition.
Climate Change Adaptation. Challenges and Opportunities for a Smart Urban Growth
No full textClimate change is one of the main environmental issues challenging cities in the 21th century. At present, more than half of the world population lives in cities and the latter are responsible for 60% to 80% of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are the main causes of the change in climate conditions. In the meantime, they are seriously threatened by the heterogeneous climate-related phenomena, very often exacerbated by the features of the cities themselves. In the last decade, international and European efforts have been mainly focused on mitigation rather than on adaptation strategies. Europe is one of the world leaders in global mitigation policies, while the issue of adaptation has gained growing importance in the last years. As underlined by the EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change, even though climate change mitigation still remains a priority for the global community, large room has to be devoted to adaptation measures, in order to effectively face the unavoidable impacts and related economic, environmental and social costs of climate change (EC, 2013). Thus, measures for adaptation to climate change are receiving an increasing financial support and a growing number of European countries are implementing national and urban adaptation strategies to deal with the actual and potential climate change impacts. According to the above considerations, this paper explores strengths and weaknesses of current adaptation strategies in European cities. First the main suggestions of the European Community to improve urban adaptation to climate change are examined; then, some recent Adaptation Plans are analyzed, in order to highlight challenges and opportunities arising from the adaptation processes at urban level and to explore the potential of Adaptation Plans to promote a smart growth in the European cities.Climate change is one of the main environmental issues challenging cities in the 21th century. At present, more than half of the world population lives in cities and the latter are responsible for 60% to 80% of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are the main causes of the change in climate conditions. In the meantime, they are seriously threatened by the heterogeneous climate-related phenomena, very often exacerbated by the features of the cities themselves. In the last decade, international and European efforts have been mainly focused on mitigation rather than on adaptation strategies. Europe is one of the world leaders in global mitigation policies, while the issue of adaptation has gained growing importance in the last years. As underlined by the EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change, even though climate change mitigation still remains a priority for the global community, large room has to be devoted to adaptation measures, in order to effectively face the unavoidable impacts and related economic, environmental and social costs of climate change (EC, 2013). Thus, measures for adaptation to climate change are receiving an increasing financial support and a growing number of European countries are implementing national and urban adaptation strategies to deal with the actual and potential climate change impacts. According to the above considerations, this paper explores strengths and weaknesses of current adaptation strategies in European cities. First the main suggestions of the European Community to improve urban adaptation to climate change are examined; then, some recent Adaptation Plans are analyzed, in order to highlight challenges and opportunities arising from the adaptation processes at urban level and to explore the potential of Adaptation Plans to promote a smart growth in the European cities
New Technologies for Sustainable Energy in the Smart City: the WET Theory
No full textThe paper tries to develop a new approach to sustainable planning for the smart city. The relationship between new technologies and the urban system could be developed in a new way considering of the WET theory. The WET theory starts from the main components for establishment and the survival of the human settlements: Water, Energy and Technologies (WET). Considering this approach, the technology could be envisaged as a switch element for the biforcation that could be generated inside the process of management of the modern urban systems. From one end the technology can improve the use of renewable energies and promote a different way of use the energy inside the city. From the other end the technology can permit a huge structural works that can drive the urban system towards a worst dimension causing permanent change inside the territory as a whole particularly at large scale. The paper propose a focus on the two mentioned possibilities considering the best dimension, proposed by the DESERTEC project and the worst one prefigured by the South to North Water Diversion Project that is ready to start in China.The paper tries to develop a new approach to the sustainable planning for the smart city based on the assumption that the relationship between new technologies and urban system could be developed in a new way considering the WET theory.The WET theory starts from the main components for the establishment and the survival of the human settlements: Water, Energy and Technologies (WET). By Considering this approach, technology could be envisaged as a switch element for the bifurcation that could be generated inside the process of management of the modern urban systems. On the one hand, technology can improve the use of renewable energies and it can promote a different way of using energy inside the city. On the other hand, technology can produce a huge structural work that can drive the urban system towards a worst dimension, by causing permanent change inside the territory as a whole, particularly at large scale. Starting from these considerations, the paper proposes a focus on the two mentioned possibilities, by considering the best dimension, represented by the DESERTEC project and the worst one prefigured by the South to North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) that is going to start in China
The Effectiveness of Planning Regulation to Curb Urban Sprawl. The Case of Striano (NA).
No full textItaly is facing an almost irreversible, extremely serious condition. A vital asset for humankind and the ecosystem, such as land, today suffers the negative effects of anthropogenic activities, first of all its uncontrolled and limitless consumption.Such transformation of landscapes and environments, due to the misuse of land, not only affects the Italian country, but it spills over its borders: across Europe, urban sprawl is threatening agricultural productivity and biodiversity, increasing the risk of flooding, reducing water resources and contributing to global warming (ISPRA 2012).The catastrophic impacts related to the spread of urban sprawl have made the identification of planning strategies capable of reducing the phenomenon essential. In Italy, many regions are trying to conform regulations and planning tools to control land use, and among them the Campania Region.To date, only few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these tools in curbing the phenomenon (Anthony, 2004), to this end, the paper aims to assess the ability of Campania’s Planning regulations and tools in checking urban sprawl.The analysis was conducted in the town of Striano, within the complex urban conurbation of the Metropolitan Area of Naples, which can be considered an example of urban sprawl development pattern.In particular, a hypothesis of Area Action plan for Striano was developed on the basis of the measures imposed by Regional Law n. 16 of 2004 and the ones proposed by PTCP of Naples, then the potential outcomes achieved by the Plan were evaluated in terms of land use and density.The case study results show a disconnection between the current legislation and the new planning tools which are pending approval, therefore, the paper suggests the need to update Campania’s Planning legislation to the new guidelines, which are much more effective in terms of land protection.Italy is facing an almost irreversible, extremely serious condition. A vital asset for humankind and the ecosystem, such as land, today suffers the negative effects of anthropogenic activities, first of all its uncontrolled and limitless consumption.Such transformation of landscapes and environments, due to the misuse of land, not only affects the Italian country, but it spills over its borders: across Europe, urban sprawl is threatening agricultural productivity and biodiversity, increasing the risk of flooding, reducing water resources and contributing to global warming (ISPRA 2012).The catastrophic impacts related to the spread of urban sprawl have made the identification of planning strategies capable of reducing the phenomenon essential. In Italy, many regions are trying to conform regulations and planning tools to control land use, and among them the Campania Region.To date, only few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these tools in curbing the phenomenon (Anthony, 2004), to this end, the paper aims to assess the ability of Campania’s Planning regulations and tools in checking urban sprawl.The analysis was conducted in the town of Striano, within the complex urban conurbation of the Metropolitan Area of Naples, which can be considered an example of urban sprawl development pattern.In particular, a hypothesis of Area Action plan for Striano was developed on the basis of the measures imposed by Regional Law n. 16 of 2004 and the ones proposed by PTCP of Naples, then the potential outcomes achieved by the Plan were evaluated in terms of land use and density.The case study results show a disconnection between the current legislation and the new planning tools which are pending approval, therefore, the paper suggests the need to update Campania’s Planning legislation to the new guidelines, which are much more effective in terms of land protection
Temporary Dwelling of Social Housing in Turin. New Responses to Housing Discomfort
No full textIn Turin the Compagnia di San Paolo had fostered two social housing initiatives, committed in handling the complex and fragmented housing discomfort issue. In the face of the social, economic and cultural development that has radically changed the housing emergency distinctive features, the new housing policies, realised with interventions of Edilizia Residenziale Sociale (ERS), represent one possible response to the growing housing needs of a wide segment of population. The two temporary dwelling of social housing are born under a common denominator: the challenge has required the ability to find the balance between solidarity, social inclusion, housing rights and the real estate market. In the meantime they represent city laborato¬ries where testing good practices and innovative usual procedures and engine of new experiences and future experimentations
From RLP to SLP: Two Different Approaches to Landscape Planning
No full textThe concepts of governance and sustainable development are concepts related to complex systems and processes, in terms of problems and implications, with a variety of people involved in different ways and whose number has increased over time. In the processes of regional governance, the concept of sustainability interacts with the environment and to the territory. Since 2006, year of approval of its Regional Landscape Plan (RLP), the Region of Sardinia, has been experiencing a new era of regional governance characterisedcharacterized by a new understanding of environmental resources; and by a different relational approach among regional government bodies, as well as between them and local communities. In 2009 began the revision phase of the plan recently concluded with the approval of the Sardinia Landscape Plan (SLP). This paper will highlight a comparison between RLP and SLP focusing on three aspects: i) the concept of protection and safeguarding of the territory; ii) the institutional governance; iii) the application of the Strategic Environmental Assessment.The concepts of governance and sustainable development are concepts related to complex systems and processes, in terms of problems and implications, with a variety of people involved in different ways and whose number has increased over time. In the processes of regional governance, the concept of sustainability interacts with the environment and to the territory. Since 2006, year of approval of its Regional Landscape Plan (RLP), the Region of Sardinia, has been experiencing a new era of regional governance characterisedcharacterized by a new understanding of environmental resources; and by a different relational approach among regional government bodies, as well as between them and local communities. In 2009 began the revision phase of the plan recently concluded with the approval of the Sardinia Landscape Plan (SLP). This paper will highlight a comparison between RLP and SLP focusing on three aspects: i) the concept of protection and safeguarding of the territory; ii) the institutional governance; iii) the application of the Strategic Environmental Assessment
Crowdsourcing. A Citizen Participation Challenge
No full textThis paper is a work in progress on Crowdsourcing. First, its concepts and importance are discussed and then its value for citizenship and urban planning. The motivation for participation and the display of geo-tagged information, as well as its possible applications in dynamic spatial temporal issues are presented, as well as its different approaches and applications. Furthermore, Crowdsourcing is discussed when the “ONVCêVIU”, a VGI case study, is presented, revealing its origin, objective, free platform comparison - to select the proper tool to implement, the project’s main challenges, results so far and further steps to be taken. To conclude a short review of the author’s vision about what is to come in the future research
Defining Smart City. A Conceptual Framework Based on Keyword Analysis
No full text“Smart city” is a concept that has been the subject of increasing attention in urban planning and governance during recent years. The first step to create Smart Cities is to understand its concept. However, a brief review of literature shows that the concept of Smart City is the subject of controversy. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to define Smart City. To this aim, an extensive literature review was done. Then, a keyword analysis on literature was held against main research questions (why, what, who, when, where, how) and based on three main domains involved in the policy decision making process and Smart City plan development: Academic, Industrial and Governmental. This resulted in a conceptual framework for Smart City. The result clarifies the definition of Smart City, while providing a framework to define Smart City’s each sub-system. Moreover, urban authorities can apply this framework in Smart City initiatives in order to recognize their main goals, main components, and key stakeholders
The Model of Voronoi's Polygons and Density: Diagnosis of Spatial Distribution of Education Services of EJA in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
No full textThis paper represents the application of a methodology that supports urban environmental studies to the identification and mapping of areas of influential points or spatial phenomenal occurrences, using the techniques of Multicriterial Analysis and of Voronoi Polygon. It focuses on the use of institutional alphanumeric database transformed into spatial analysis by the use of GIS and models of distribution, to support decision-making regarding allocation strategies and expansion of centers of experimental education called “EJA” (Youth and Adults Education) in Divinópolis, a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It describes the process of data that composes information which makes possible to perform urban analyzes and to simulate the scenarios considering the expansion of the system and the review of the allocation of some points