Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Assessment on the Expansion of Basic Sanitation Infrastructure. In the Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte - 2000/2010
No full textThe Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte is consisted of 34 municipalities, however approximately 79,68% of its population is concentrated at the conurbation zone with 19 municipalities. This zone presented different expansion axis (North, South, West) throughout the time. This article intends to assess the investments made in basic sanitation infrastructure (access to water supply, sewage collection network and garbage collection service) within the period from the years 2000 to 2010. For this purpose, land cover maps for these years were created to identify the new urban expansion axis. Maps of the census sectors of both years were also made with the percentage of households attended by the basic sanitation services infrastructure, as well as the population density and average income of the householder. Considering the results, we have observed that the investments in basic sanitation infrastructure in the last ten years were not sufficient, given the fact that the region with the largest population of Minas Gerais still has precarious conditions regarding the access to water supply and sewage networks. The least of the problems, but still a problem, is the garbage collection services, given the fact that to collect, the investment is low but it is important to highlight that the data do not bring information about the treatment and disposal of the garbage or sewage, they only inform us were those types of residue are collected
Learning and Sharing Technology in Informal Contexts. A Multiagent-Based Ontological Approach
No full textAn increasing debate is growing today, in both academic and research-in-action contexts, about the roles of new and traditional technologies in raising knowledge of agents involved, as well as in boosting an effective development of communities. The last century has been largely dominated by capital-intensive technologies, impacting large and populated areas. From the late 1990s up to the present days, due to social, financial, environmental concerns, new low-impact, local-born, little to medium-scale experiences have been challenging large technologies, with interesting results. The importance of such experiences seems to lay on the abilities and knowledge of local populations, which are quite difficult to emerge as formal methodologies and attain recognizable levels of generalization and sharing. Yet the effectiveness of local-based technologies is being increasingly documented, often succeeding in cases where more formal technologies had previously failed. The EU-funded ANTINOMOS project has largely dealt with local-community knowledge enhancing and managing in the water sector management, aiming at creating a real learning environment for the sharing and the active generation of knowledge through mutual synergies. In this paper, the above subject is discussed and carried out with a cross-disciplinary, cross-scale, multi-agent approach, considering the different forms of local knowledge and language involved
Smart Dialogue for Smart Citizens: Assertive Approaches for Strategic Planning
No full textIt is very important to know how to communicate, but even more important is knowing how to listen. There is no dialogue without listening. Listening and speaking can generate a virtuous cycle that, enriching the field of information, allows the introduction of essential elements of innovation. It is relevant in this context the assertive ability of who manages and coordinates the decision-making processes. The potential of new approaches based on assertiveness are the new frontier of research discipline that is able to meet future challenges aiming to contribute to the construction of places and forms of living together in the growing interest of fairness and justice. Assertive facilitator knows how to guide difficult people and handle very hard situations without adopting manipulative behaviors. He is able to detect the potential conflict and to bring to light the reasons for disagreement , softening the tone and avoiding any possible uncontrolled escalation. He encourages debates and open discussions; he has to build links too, fueling reports profits, collaborating with others toward common goals; speaking and discussing in groups and among groups; seeking solutions in which, both parties, come out winning. So the view expressed is argument of discussion in the development of the tools of urban structure, with the aim of implementing a participatory methodology in the development of planning tools. We propose an application in the series of meetings of initial preparatory participation to the formation of a Preliminary Plan for a medium size town
Urban Planning and Climate Change: Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies
No full textClimate change is a current phenomenon: the temperatures rise, rainfall patterns are changing, glaciers melt and the average global sea level is rising. It is expected that these changes will continue and that the extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, will become more frequent and intense. The impact and vulnerability factors for nature, for the economy and for our health are different, depending on the territorial, social and economic aspects. The current scientific debate is focused on the need to formulate effective policies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The city plays an important role in this issue: it emits the most greenhouse gas emissions (more than 60% of the world population currently lives in urban areas) and the city is more exposed and vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Urban planning and territorial governance play a crucial role in this context: the international debate on the sustainability of urban areas is increasing. It’s necessary to adapt the tools of building regulations to increase the quality of energy - environment of the cities
The Factors Influencing Transport Energy Consumption in Urban Areas: a Review
No full textTransport energy consumption accounts for about one third of total energy consumption in EU. Despite significant advances in transport technology and fuel formulation, transport energy consumption has increased in most EU countries over the last three decades. This increase in consumption occurred as a result of factors such as higher car ownership, a growth in automobile use and an increase in vehicle distances traveled. As travel and land-use are a function of one another, it is often hypothesized that changing urban structure can result in changes in energy consumption. Understanding how different land use characteristics may influence travel behaviour and the corresponding energy consumption is crucial for planners and policy makers in order to develop strategic actions to shrink the environmental footprint of the urban transportation sector. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the connections between land use, travel behavior and energy consumption. In particular, this paper seeks to identify the determinants of transport energy consumption in urban areas by reviewing evidence from empirical studies. To this aim, nine characteristics of land use are presented and their effects on both travel behaviour and energy use are discussed Our review shown that, in contrast to the focus on the effect of the built environment on travel, only few researchers have empirically investigated the linkage between the built environment and transportation energy use. The research described in this paper has been developed within the PON04a2_E Smart Energy Master project. It represents part of a much broader research project aimed at the development of an integrated model of urban energy efficiency
Centro Direzionale of Naples. A “Smart” Concept
No full textIl tema della pianificazione urbana legata alla crescita delle smart cities è ormai abbastanza diffuso anche nel dibattito urbanistico-sociologico. Alcuni studi recenti (Besselaar, Koizumi, 2005; Fistola, 2010) individuano la principale focalizzazione della smart city non più esclusivamente nel ruolo strategico ricoperto dalle infrastrutture ICT, ma soprattutto in fattori abilitanti della crescita urbana tout court, intesa come capacità di progresso e sviluppo urbano innovativo, con sempre maggiore attenzione per l’ambiente, l’ecodesign, il miglioramento dei livelli di qualità dell’abitare, oltre che del “capitale bio-socio-ambientale” (Corbisiero, 2013). Partendo da questo puntellato teorico, il contributo proposto mette in evidenza i risultati di una ricerca condotta a Napoli attraverso il caso empirico del “Centro direzionale”. Si tratta un intervento di progettazione urbana di notevole impatto sulla città campana. La progettazione e la costruzione del Centro direzionale di Napoli rappresenta, infatti, un archetipo della smart city, una primordiale sperimentazione di “intelligenza urbana” in termini di sistemi di trasporto, infrastrutture, logistica e sistemi per l’efficienza energetica e tecnologica. Più genericamente, una buona pratica di amministrazione cittadina e di valorizzazione della pianificazione territoriale strategica.The topic of urban planning linked to the growth of smart cities is now quite common also in the urban-sociological debate. Recent studies (Besselaar, Koizumi, 2005; Fistola, 2010) identify the main focus of the smart city no longer exclusively in the strategic role played by ICT infrastructures, but above all in the factors enabling urban growth, defined as the ability to stimulate innovative urban developments, along with an increasing attention to the environment, eco-design, improved living levels, as well as the "bio-socio-environmental capital" (Corbisiero, 2013). Based on this theoretical background, the paper highlights the results of a research conducted in Naples on the empirical case of the "Centro Direzionale". It is an intervention of urban design of considerable impact on the city. The design and construction of the Centro Direzionale of Naples is, in fact, an archetype of the smart city; a primal testing of "urban intelligence" in terms of transport systems, infrastructure, logistics, systems for energy efficiency and technology. More generally, a good practice of city administration and of exploitation of strategic spatial planning
Editorial Preface. Smart City Challenges: Planning for Smart Cities. Dealing with New Urban Challenges
No full textEcosystem Services and Border Regions. Case Study from Czech – Polish Borderland
No full textLand-use management and planning of cross-border regions is a complex problem. Different legislatures, development visions and interests on both sides of the border make it even more complicated. Introducing ecosystem services concept into land-use planning and management at cross-border regions is a challenge. However not much is said about this issue in literature.This paper aims to present result of the study concerning to ecosystem services concept in the context of cross-border part of Pradziad Euroregion. The studyed area is situated within Czech – Polish borderland. First part of the research concerns to land-cover analyze of the region. The second one to Czech and Polish land-use strategies, which are binding at NUTS 4 and 5 level in the studyed area.Resoults of the research indicates asymmetry of the cross-border landscape of the analyzed region. The asymmetry is indicated by different types, biodiversities and areas of ecosystems identified on both sides of the border. It is also identified by differences in land-use strategies concerning to the region.It is discussed to what extend ecosystem services concept can be implemented in planning legislature of the cross-border region
Co-Creative, Re-Generative Smart Cities. Smart Cities and Planning in a Living Lab Perspective 2
No full textA particularly mild approach in money supply over three decades at the international level has encouraged the piling up of substantial amounts of debt through urban investment, particularly in less competitive systems . It appears therefore necessary ato elaborate stringent "urban financial statements", through a kind of digital agenda able to provide geo-referenced economic indicators about structure, value and performance of urban capital, and therefore capable to serve as a guide in future allocative choices of the myriad of holders of some stake of the above urban capital. Recognizing the role of such a multiplicity of stakeholders means to radically reconsider the transcendent assumptions of spatial planning in favor of an immanent view of it, also suitable as reference to integrate, in a single digital guidance framework, both the above geo-referenced economic indicators and the expressions (“images”) coming from the stakeholders themselves. But it also means to refer to a model of self-governance of innovation, intended as a socially driven, organic process, embedded in scalable and resilient network ecosystems. This is essentially the mandate of a Territorial Living Lab, for which nevertheless governance is itself a matter for experimentation and innovation, as well of contamination with other models, within the objective of combining capital investments in urban regeneration with the need to attain an effective yield on such investments through diffused and citizen-based ownership of the urban innovation they aim to spark off
Landscape Planning and Ecological Networks. Part A. A Rural System in Nuoro, Sardinia
No full textUrban-rural landscape planning research is nowadays focusing on strategies and tools that support practitioners in designing integrated spaces starting from the analysis of local areas, where human and natural pressures interfere. A prominent framework is provided by the ecological networks, whose design regards the combination of a set of green areas or patches (the nodes) interconnected through environmental corridors (the edges). Ecological networks are useful for biodiversity protection and enhancement, as they are able to counteract fragmentation, and to create or strengthen relations and exchanges among otherwise isolated elements. Biodiversity evolution, indeed, depends on the quantity and quality of spatial cohesion of natural areas. In this paper, we aim at designing an ecological network for the periurban area on the town of Nuoro in central Sardinia. The narrative unfolds in two parts. Part A is presented in this paper and includes its methodological premises, i.e. biodiversity conservation and ecological network analysis and design, and the introductory elements of a spatial analysis on a pilot ecological network of one hundred patches. We locate patches by focusing on the ecosystems supported by the target vegetal species holm oak (Quercus ilex) and cultivated or wild olive (Olea europaea var. sativa, O. europaea var. sylverstis). These are very common plants species in the municipality and some animal species are active as seed dispersal. The reminder, i.e. Part B, of the essay is presented in an homonymous paper that focuses on the illustration of the network analysis conceived as a monitoring system and, in future perspective, as a planning support system