Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Accessibility Analysis for Healthcare Centers using Gravity Model and Geospatial Techniques
No full textIndia’s healthcare facilities continue to be limited and the current number of hospitals is not sufficient to meet the demands of the increasing population. In this study the multi-specialty hospitals handling sudden trauma such as cardiac arrests, strokes, burns, accidents, and major illnesses that were considered and analyzed for the ease of access within the city. The spatial accessibility index is measured using the Modified Three-step Floating Catchment Area which incorporates emergency factors in addition to travel time in travel impedance function. The findings shows that all hospitals are currently found to be collectively located near to the city center and wards located in the periphery of the city having very low spatial access to healthcare facilities. The index also aids in delineating the healthcare deprived areas and over-served areas within the city. This identification is essential for the future planning of new healthcare services, to improve the capacity and ease of access to the existing healthcare facilities. The model of this investigative study can be extended further to all cities to assist in the pre-planning for provision of adequate healthcare facilities. Such information will be advantageous, to public health officials and policy/decision makers involved in urban expansion planning, for ensuring better and quicker access to health services with minimum delay in the event of emergencies
Geographical analyses of Covid-19's spreading contagion in the challenge of global health risks
No full textThis research develops from a set of basic geographical questions about the outbreak of Covid-19 out of China in Europe. The questions dealt with why and why with such strength Italy has been seriously hit, one of the most important cases in terms of death toll out of Hubei Province and mainland China, in the world, making the country a worldwide study case for epidemic concentration and diffusion. Questions were also related to geographical similarities among the areas hit, and particularly the Po Valley region and Wuhan metropolitan region in Hubei province, and also related to why such a divide of the virus spreading was identified in Italy between Northern and Central and Southern regions and provinces. In order to try to give an answer these questions, authors realized a vast and articulated database of indicators at provincial level in Italy, performing several geographical analyses - ecological approach - based on Spatial autocorrelation and Geographical Weighted Regression, coming to the conclusion that aspects such as land take, pollution can seriously influence the phenomenon and justify a pattern as that observable in Italy. The analyses and observation of the phenomenon also suggests that policies based on urban regeneration, sustainable mobility, green infrastructures, ecosystem services can create a more sustainable scenario able to support the quality of public health
Take advantage of the black swan to improve the urban environment
No full textThe outbreak of the COVID-19 virus for all humanity is a typical example of the birth of the black swan, a metaphor that indicates the event of very low probability, therefore unpredictable and a source of crisis. Statistics and probability theory teach that any deterministic hypothesis of forecasting this type of event is a chimera. More concretely, it is necessary to pay attention to the resilience of the system, so the goal must be the robustness (and perhaps even anti-fragility) of the socio-ecosystem with respect to any crisis advent, not the pursuit of the specific black swan, which, by the way, takes different forms: from financial perfect storms to pandemics, to the unpredictable effects of climate change etc.
During the nineteenth century Europe was involved in various pandemics, which, among other things, stimulated the birth of regulatory plans and “hygienist” urban planning approach. Similarly, the present bursting of COVID-19 leads to ever greater efforts in the direction of environmental quality, which is also the protection of health.
The paper refers to the health risk due to the urban characteristics, investigating the process of Urban Heat Island (UHI) which is a cause of health risk and of the increase in air pollution, while, at the moment, there is debate about the link between air pollution and COVID-19 diffusion, also if the first scientific papers on this topic seem to confirm the correlation. In any case, the precautionary principle pushes to take the opportunity of the crisis for a more sustainable city in terms of air breathing and wellness.
This paper shows that it is possible to distinguish areas of the city with different UHI-air pollution hazard, according to their shape and land use. These results allow to support the choices of the planners to pursue mitigation of climatic extremes and air pollution, contributing to health of citizens and saving money from the health system
Questioning urbanisation models in the face of Covid-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic raises questions on the ever-growing urban concentration that characterizes our society and various experts are pointing out the need to rethink our cities. At the same time, a number of voices advocate for a rediscovery of the rural. However naive they may sound, these claims have the merit to call for a thorough reflection on the challenges and potentials that alternative modes of urbanisation could bring along. In order to provide a contribution in this direction, the article introduces the challenges that the present sanitary emergency raises for contemporary urban environments, to then reflect on the reasons behind the progressive abandonment of remote rural areas, and especially on the increasingly scarce accessibility to services they offer to their inhabitants. The authors argue that policies dedicated to counteract these trends are needed, in order to enhance the overall resilience of our societies. In this concern, the National Strategy for Inner Areas, promoted by the Italian Government to trigger place-based territorial development in the remote areas of the country, is a promising way forward, and the present crisis constitutes a window of opportunity to further strengthen and refine its approach in the view of the coming EU programming period
Tourism on demand. New form of urban and social demand of use after the pandemic event
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic is expected to lead to a critical reconsideration of the global volume growth model for tourism, for reasons related to the risks posed by global travel and the contribution of the tourism industry to global pollution, climate change and, more in general, the socio-cultural instability of certain geographical areas of the world. Nevertheless, it is possible to propose a different point of view by trying to accept this historical moment as an occasion to ponder over the need for a change in the unsustainability of the present lifestyles. Tourism in this can be a driver function to support this transition by giving to tourism flows a higher sense. Tourist destinations will have to change but how and how many tourist cities will be able to re-calibrate their supply system of services and facilities to host the "new tourists"? Could the on-demand model be a new way for tourists to enjoy their experience? The paper, trying to give answers to these questions, proposes some reflections about the inevitable change imposed by the pandemic, aiming at outlining the possible scenarios that will characterize the tourism-city relationship in the next future and paying attention to the social aspects
The Berlin mobility lab Flaniermeile Friedrichstrasse
No full textIn Berlin, measures that promote cycling and walking have moved up the political agenda and gained momentum over the last couple of years. This is in parts due to the strong involvement of civil society actors in designing, planning and implementing said measures. This article will use one of the measures planned in Berlin, as an example to illustrate the benefits and potential of cooperative planning and civic involvement in the design and implementation of drastic sustainable transport measures in cities. Cycling and walking are vital to achieving “Tomorrow’s Cities”, a vision developed by the German Environment Agency. Tomorrow’s City avoids unnecessary traffic. It is quiet, compact, green, climate-friendly and dominated by mixed-use developments. However, drastic measures changing the status quo are necessary to achieve this vision. This article argues that allowing for more civic participation and involvement and promoting experiments for sustainable mobility in public space help gain support for sustainable mobility in general, as well as the measures needed to achieve this goal. Flaniermeile Friedrichstraße, a mobility lab planned for 2020 at the heart of Berlin, serves as an interesting case of long- term civic involvement, cooperative public experiments translating an idea of sustainable mobility into temporary practice
Entrepreneurship in the city: the digitalization
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of five parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Economy, Business and Land Use section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie socio-economic relationships between firms and territories. The present note underlines the benefits that entrepreneurship exerts on the city, with a specific focus on the digitalization
