Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Covid-19 and spatial planning
No full textThis article analyzes some relevant questions as regards the impact of COVID-19-related social living conditions on spatial planning policies and practices. The proposed discussion aims at highlighting and discussing a number of outstanding topics of spatial planning which public administrative bodies, practitioners, entrepreneurs and organizations operating in the profit and non-profit sectors, and the local communities should carefully consider with reference to a new planning outset after the lockdown period. Innovative and creative approaches should be identified and implemented when dealing with collective public spaces, shopping malls, retail activities and related areas, urban and regional mobility-related infrastructure and services, food-supply changes and their implications in terms of development of local food-producing practices, spatial social control and privacy, mitigation of climate change-related negative impacts, and public awareness and commitment towards losers, especially urban losers. Each of these points presents important challenges for the future of spatial planning. Some of these challenges are synthetically described and discussed in this article.
 
"Passata è la tempesta …”. A land use planning vision for the Italian Mezzogiorno in the post pandemic
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic event can activate a comprehensive reflection on the change of development models, overcoming the current unsustainable ones. Present events in Italy are mainly affecting Northern Regions but also the Southern ones will suffer from economic consequences, related to the pandemic. This is particularly relevant for the marginal areas of the Italian Mezzogiorno. The article highlights issues that are deemed relevant for including inner areas of Italian Southern regions into the process of economic recovery after the pandemic, in order to avoid the deepening of the long lasting North South imbalance, in the light of the growing depopulation of this part of the Country. The focus is on the role of Health Services, Education, Built up Environment and Transports, systems considered as key elements for promoting a well-balanced use of existing territorial assets. The real challenge is to reverse this terrible threat into an opportunity, introducing effective changes into the way we waste our limited planetary resources, especially the territorial ones. In this direction, Southern regions can play a fundamental role for increasing the resilience of the entire nation
Strategies and guidelines for urban sustainability: the explosion of micromobility from Covid-19
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers written by young researchers. The Review Notes are made of five parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular: the Town Planning International Rules and Legislation Overview section aims at presenting the latest updates in the territorial and urban legislative sphere. Urban patterns and their intrinsic relationships have completely changed since Covid-19. In particular, the mobility subsystem has undergone a significant change, inducing users to use "soft" such as micromobility. Micromobility is now on the rise, especially in large cities, but at the same time the lack of dedicated routes pushes researchers and technicians in the area to find solutions capable of providing rules to users. This section examines the legislative decrees issued by the Italian government to promote a sustainable mode of travel for cities such as micromobility
Physical spacing and spatial planning
No full textAfter several months of total emergency, many of the countries concerned seem to have the Covid-19 pandemic under control. Measures and policies have been implemented almost worldwide to support the difficult economic and social recovery. The different national systems will be tested in terms of the degree of overall resilience and capacity and effectiveness of actions. In this sense, the reform of local autonomous areas and Regions becomes today even more necessary to start a long and complex process of decision-making and government-level reorganization fostering new relations, in terms of political representation and competences of the different institutional levels. The responses to limit the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the country's growth and development imply a reconfiguration of territorial and institutional geographies. In this context, the discipline of spatial planning can promote some useful reflections at two different scales of intervention: territorial and urban. This study follows these two trajectories, starting from the consideration that the choice of forcing so-called "physical distancing" (better than the ambiguous term "social distancing") has certainly represented one of the most effective ways of contrasting the contagion
The resilient city and adapting to the health emergency
No full textThe concept of a resilient city is an increasingly critical one. Resilience represents the ability of an urban system to adapt to an external event. In the past, urban resilience was mainly addressed to natural rather than anthropic risks. Considering the Covid-19 pandemic emergency, the relationship between urban resilience and anthropic risk, especially health risk, has inevitably distorted the “normality” to which we were accustomed. The emergency has had significant long-term effects on the times, uses and organization of cities. Adaptability requires the synergic work of all actors who live or work in a city. This mobility-focused research aims to highlight the importance of the Quadruple Helix principle by analysing the specific measures that each actor -Public Authorities, Research, Enterprises and Citizens- can implement to reduce health risk. The paper outlines the contribution of the University of Genoa within the confines of a ministerial project to promote sustainable mobility for students, when travelling between home and university, using prizes/incentives. This good practice will play an increasingly important role in the return to normality
Causes of residential mobility and Turkey practice
No full textResidential mobility is an economic and social recovery process that determines urban growth and regional development. The urban population relocates due to the events in their lives or their dissatisfaction with the conditions. Such individual movements play a role in the construction of urban geography. The aim of the present study was to discuss the factors that affect the residential mobility in Ortahisar district in Trabzon, Turkey. To determine the mobility, a survey was conducted with 445 individuals in 11 neighborhoods with different socio-demographic, economic and physical attributes in Trabzon urban center. The survey findings were analyzed based on a) the analysis of the socio-demographic structure of households, b) evaluation of the residential buildings, c) the analysis of historical mobility, and d) the assessments of causality in mobility. In the study, the causal factors were analyzed based on the life cycle, life course and satisfaction approaches and mobility classification available in the literature, and the study findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics. It was determined that residential ownership, the structure of the household members, and proximity to the workplace factors were effective on residential mobility in Trabzon
Back from the future. A backcasting on autonomous vehicles in the real city
No full textBackcasting is a scenario-building technique that can help decision-makers face uncertain and complex dynamics. For this reason, backcasting is often mentioned as suitable to deal with the transition to autonomous driving. However, at present the applications of backcasting to this transition in real-world cases are quite few. The article presents a backcasting carried out in the city of Turin (Italy), aimed at defining a policy pathway to steer the transition to autonomous driving towards objectives of sustainability and liveability of the city and its neighbourhoods. It reflects on this exercise and highlights some critical issues for backcasting that emerged from its application to autonomous vehicles (AVs). The transition to AVs displays some issues that proved to challenge the effectiveness and the potentialities of implementation of backcasting. These are mainly related to: factors and levels of uncertainty, contextualization of the vision, involvement of relevant stakeholders, definition of the policy pathway. Nevertheless, the exercise showed that some solutions can be adopted to deal with these challenges, in terms of definition of background socioeconomic scenarios, combination of a range of participatory techniques, integration of collaborative and think-tank methodologies, reference to mid-term planning tools. These solutions can support further backcasting exercises for AVs
Urban accessibility: the paradox, the paradigms and the measures. A scientific review
No full textThe literature review presented in this paper represents a part of a wider research focused on the elderly quality of life within urban environments and aimed at designing innovative tools for both public administrations and elderly citizens. The article presents a systematic review of the relevant literature regarding the development of the accessibility concept during the 1959-2020 period. Nearly 6,000 documents were selected from the Scopus database, using the keywords “urban accessibility” and limiting the results to the fields of Urban Studies and Social Sciences to select the documents for the bibliometric analyses run. They were run in R Studio environment through a tool, developed in 2017, named bibliometrix. These analyses were run to highlight the main traits of the urban accessibility concept and developed methodologies and measures, in order to implement it in real-world practices and tools. The extensive and systematic literature review shows that for many years much of this scientific production has a deep theoretical nature, rather than practical. That was mostly due to difficulties in computing and introducing accessibility measures in decision-making practices. The advent of GIS has made much more practical the development of accessibility-oriented planning tools, and many commercial packages are now available. 
Building strategic scenarios during Covid-19 lockdown
No full textSince early spring 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Italy caused schools and universities to lock and shift from traditional face-to-face classroom education to online education. In the academic field of spatial planning, online education and examples of on-line participatory process (e.g. e-planning, e-governance, etc.) are traditionally not very frequent. Through the application of an on-line participatory process to build a future vision of Bari (Apulia Region), this study explores elements related to the behavior of the knowledge agents involved in the process and compares them with the application of previous face-to-face classroom examples. The results obtained allow to collect some suggestions not only on the performance of the application in two different times, but also on the potential elements of difference to be associated to the temporal and psychological context related to the diffusion of COVID-19. Since these conditions are clearly exceptional and practically (hopefully) unrepeatable, the results seem to show a mixed perspective of effectiveness for the use of online education to build a future vision of a city