Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Water-related risk reduction in urban development plans
No full textThe goal to create hazard-resilient communities through sustainable land-use planning requires a fundamental change to the way in which planning is conceptualized and practiced. This implies a deep revision of the operationalizing policy and legislation at local levels and a clearer interpretation of the in-between domain of risk and emergency assessment and management.
This study deals with the complex relation existing between land use planning and disaster risk reduction and focuses on water-related risks. It aims to explore and define a set of proposals for increasing the effectiveness of actions taken by local administrations, at the stage of drafting and implementing local land use masterplans, so to enhance all aspects of disaster risk reduction in the planning practice.
In particular, novel contents for the local urban masterplans are investigated based on a case study located in eastern Sicily, Italy: considerations concern urban key criticalities analysed within the catchment of the Lavinaio-Platani, the latter acknowledged as the most dangerous stream in the considered area.
Although focused on a specific context, the outcomes of this research may be relevant for a wider range of urbanized environments, especially if prone to flooding risk, by providing targeted recommendations and cross-sectoral perspectives to profitably inform innovative masterplans
Toward greener and pandemic-proof cities? Policy response to Covid-19 outbreak in four global cities
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban practices section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie the challenges that the cities have to face. The present note provides an overview of the policies and initiatives undertaken in four global cities in response to the Covid-19 outbreak: New York City (US), Beijing (CN), Paris (FR) and Singapore (SG). A cross-city analysis is used to derive a taxonomy of urban policy measures. The contribution discusses the effectiveness of each measures in providing answers to epidemic threats in urban areas while, at the same time, improving the sustainability and resilience of urban communities
Bicycle and urban design. A lesson from Covid-19
No full textThe central role of the car in city mobility has led to a decreased capacity for people to choose another alternative form of mobility. In recent decades, some cities have set policies where cycling has become increasingly important. Urban mobility policies in response to Covid-19 have reinforced this perspective. Throughout the analysis of urban bicycle studies, the paper investigates the role of mobility for society and the design of our cities? What the role of sustainable mobility, in particular how the bicycle is addressing the Covid-19 emergency. During and after this emergency, the use of the bicycle addresses urban quality and liveability for spaces. The research studies the urban policies of 5 cities: Barcelona, Bogota, Brussels, Milan and Paris and analyses the measures implemented during the first lock down, since February 2020 to May 2020. In all cities studied, the bicycle modal shares and the bicycle infrastructure has increased. Covid-19 allowed the bicycle to prove it is the safest, most efficient urban mode of transport. The action carried out, in the cities studied, affected not only on the hard aspects reshaping the cities with permanent and temporary solutions but also on soft aspects acting on people's perception and use and choosing how to move. Transport studies and policies involving bicycles are not just ‘about cycling’, but about sustainable, productive, and prosperous cities
The role of the urban settlement system in the spread of Covid-19 pandemic. The Italian case
No full textThe paper proposes a focus on three main aspects related to the spread of the new coronavirus in our country: the correlations that have been established between the spread of the Covid-19 virus and the settlement system of our country; the urban and territorial phenomena that can be associated, positively or negatively, with the diffusion of the virus; and, finally, the correspondence between homogeneous clusters of Italian provinces (due to the current most significant urban phenomena) and the intensity and spread of the infection. The research is divided in four steps: the identification of the scientific and disciplinary approach, the definition of territorial areas and their descriptive variables, the choice of computational models, and the evaluation of the results. The main findings of the study highlight that significant correlations are not always identifiable between settlement characteristics and the spread of the infection. The diffusion of the new coronavirus is closely related to some of the main features of the demographic (e.g. people aged 65 years and above) and socio-economic (e.g. GDP for inhabitant) structure of the urban population
About the effects of Covid-19 on solid waste management
No full textOver the last months, spread of the SaRS Co-V 19 virus has been much more than a healthcare emergency. It overrun people’s life styles, society’s organizational models, welfare systems, the economy and business world, as well as solid waste management schemes. The critical issues that have emerged require actions to overcome the crisis, while paving the way to achieve sustainable development goals: in this view, the CoViD-19 emergency may represent an opportunity, as suggested by the International Institute for the Sustainable Development. This work discusses the impact of the CoViD-19 emergency on both the generation and the management of solid waste originating from both household and healthcare activities. Data about the amount of waste produced and associated ordinary handling procedures were gathered in order to highlight how both have been affected by the measures implemented to cope with the emergency. The vulnerabilities of the overall solid waste management system have been revealed, pointing out the need for a careful rethinking of possible avenues for future development
The Assessment of land use/land covers changes linked to oil and gas exploration
No full textUnderstanding land use/land cover changes(LU/LC) linked to oil and gas exploration under changing climatic conditions in South Lokichar Basin is crucial.This knowledge will inform policy makers on appropriate sustainable vegetation cover management strategies for the sake of pastrolism practiced in the area.The LU/LC changes were assessed using multi-spatial and multi-temporal remotely sensed imageries acquired through Landsat 5TM and Landsat 8OLI/TIRS by use of ArcGIS.The study assessed medium resolution spatial imageries acquired for the area in both rainy and dry seasons,before oil and gas exploration developments begun in South Lokichar Basin between 2006-2011 and after commencement between 2012-2017.The study established that the average area in hectares under vegetation cover had declined since oil and gas exploration developments begun.A one sample t-test statistics indicated that the area under forest,shrubland and grassland cover had significantly reduced at 90% confidence interval with a p-value of 0.072,0.074 and 0.061 respectively.The study established a decline in NDVI from 1 to 0.433 for the rainy season and 0.411 to 0.122 for the dry season between 2006 and 2017 with a p-value of 0.009 <0.05 on paired t-test implying a significant change on vegetation cover.Sustainable management of vegetation cover is important to safeguard livestock forage
Transit oriented development: theory and implementation challenges in Ghana.
No full textTransit Oriented Development (TOD), encourages densification around transport nodes with a combination of work, educational facilities, commercial activities and other basic services. Implementing TOD in Ghana would however, be a faced with a number of challenges. The systematic review approach which is based on published scholarly works was adopted. The paper aimed at exploring the major characteristics, benefits and the institutional and operational challenges of TOD in Accra. The paper identified the possible benefits of TOD in Accra to include reduction in motorisation and congestion, promotion of walkability and other forms of non-motorised transport, public transit ridership and improvement in the liveability of neighbourhoods. The challenges that would be associated with the implementation of TOD in Accra include the absence of a clear policy initiative of the concept in Ghanaian cities; inadequate budgetary support for strategic urban land use planning and for development control; the existence of different ownership regimes within a sizeable stretch of land; and the existence of an ill-planned urban transportation system. Policy options suggested included a new housing policy that will encourage densification, mixed-income housing schemes with stronger government-private and sustainable financing schemes; and a planning regime that integrates transportation, land use and housing development
Logistic models explaining the determinants of biking for commute and non-commute trips in Lahore, Pakistan
No full textThe determinants of biking behaviour are less studied in a wide range of developing countries including South Asia. This study takes Lahore, Pakistan as a case-study city to explore the factors defining commute and non-commute bike trips as well as commuting by bike. These issues were analysed by collecting data from 379 subjects accommodating in three socio-economic statuses (lower, medium, and higher) in Lahore in spring 2018. The data were analysed by applying multinomial logistic regression for investigating biking frequency and binomial logistic regression for examining commuting by bike. The results show that gender, age, education, income, purpose of majority of trips, preferred distance to travel using cycle, preferred time to travel using cycle, and preferred bike trip purpose are significantly correlated with biking frequency. The significant determinants of bicycle commuting included categories of education, the purpose of the majority of trips, using bike in combination with other modes, preferred distance to bike, preferred biking time, and preferred bike trip purpose are associated with bicycle commuting. Commuting by bike is more popular in socio-economically weaker neighbourhoods. The discussion of this study shows that the determinants of biking in the sample in Lahore are different from those that have already been addressed by studies undertaken in high-income countries.  
The contribution of a tramway to pedestrian vitality
No full textPedestrian movement in the public environment is important in supporting local public life, commerce and physical activity. Countering the decline in the presence of people on the streets is a major focus of urban planning in a wide variety of urban contexts. This research investigates the contribution of a tramway to local pedestrian movement, using the Hong Kong Tramway (HKT) as a case. Flow counts were collected in a field study of the tram corridor that enabled regression analysis. Pedestrian flow was positively related to the following, in descending order of importance: feeder street pedestrian flow, tram alighting rates and irregular crossing rates. These factors cumulatively account for 39% of pedestrian volume on tram corridor segments. Pedestrian flow is negatively related to the degree of barrier fencing and block size. The tram is also used to transit between walking segments, effectively enlarging the individual walking environment. The findings suggest spatial planning measures associated with higher pedestrian flow