Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Environmental, social and economic sustainability in urban areas: a cool materials' perspective
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Economy, business and land use section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie socio-economic relationships between firms and territories. The present note tackles the topic of cool materials for urban areas, as a mitigation strategy to counteract climate-change related issues. The most recent developments about cool materials demonstrate how they can boost environmental, social and economic sustainability and resilience in urban areas
Ecological transition: which transactions?
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships between urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers written by young researchers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban planning literature review section aims at presenting recent books and journals, within global scientific panorama, on selected topics and issues. This contribution aims at defining the definition and intervention domain of ecological transition. The outbreak of a novel coronavirus and consequent health, economic and social crisis is leading to a new era: significant financial resources, plenty room for economic manoeuvres may turn the ongoing pandemic into an opportunity, for the next years, to build more sustainable societies and environments. Within this scenario, urban areas play an essential role, as proved in the second paragraph with the support of interesting scientific publications, which are reviewed in the contribution
Investigating the side-effects and consequences of the formation of second homes in Alamut rural areas, Central Alborz of Iran
No full textRural out-migration is one of the most critical issues in all countries. This flow increases the rural decline, and in many cases, causes rural abandonment. But against our imaginations, there is also a reverse flow from cities to villages. In the Alamut region in central Alborz of Iran, some villages attract populations by the reverse migration flow. This temporary flow forms a new type of housing in the rural areas called “second home”. The analysis of second home appearance is the main issue in this article. We used surveys method from locals and field observation in eight villages of the eastern Alamut area. The QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) matrix is used for analyzing observation and side-effects of second homes in the short-term and long-term. The result showed that second homes in these rural areas have different side-effects. Low skill employment creation, temporary increase of local consumers, rural re-novation cost, and second home owner’s participation in agriculture activities are the positive effects. But there are also some negative impacts like; seasonal and low-income jobs, destructive impacts on the environment, erosion of natural resources, and increasing demographic instability. This phenomenon has positive impacts in the short-term and negative consequences in the long-term. The approaches for decreasing the expansion of second holiday home and using the positive implications of this phenomenon for developing the rural areas would be explained in this paper
The time profile of transformations in territorial governance
No full textAs a result of the close relationship with the School of Architecture founded in 1919, Italian urban planning has often been marked by a search for a difficult balance between spatial and temporal projections in plans, often favouring the former over the latter. Due to this unequal development in planning contents, territorial governance has shown a worrying loss of authority, which tends to generate evident contradictions when territorial planning is called to contend with problems deriving from the management of areas where urban planning forecasts must coexist with extraordinary provisions adopted following an earthquake or other natural disaster. In this recurring difficulty of finding space within ordinary planning procedures for measures designed to address the emergency, three starting conditions prove to be decisive. The first is the need to guarantee the availability of a rigorous cognitive framework to allow an increasingly complex planning system to be based on rich, detailed information. The second is the requirement to reduce the gap between the technical times necessary to develop planning tools and the necessary promptness for procedures to coordinate emergency policies. The third is the need to entrust strategic documents with the task of balancing the relationship between the short and long terms, both in urban planning and in emergency plans
Quantifying the urban built environment: a neighbourhood-scale analysis
No full textThe quantification of the built environment has been approached from two major perspectives-regional-scale and neighbourhood-scale. Few studies have attempted to quantify the built environment from the neighbourhood-scale and none of these studies attempted to examine the interactions that exist between the respective built environment indicators and the spatial variation of such interaction which may help under the emerging travel-related prototypical neighbourhoods. Two types of datasets were used in the study and these are neighbourhood-based field surveys and data extracted from a satellite image. These were used to compute indicators which were in turn used to measure the built environment of Benin metropolitan region. The interaction between the indicators revealed that the quantification of the built environment categorised the region into 3 distinct prototypical neighbourhoods-pedestrian-oriented zones, transit-oriented zone, and car-oriented zone
Chaos and chaos: the city as a complex phenomenon
No full textTo say that the city is a dynamically complex system is to affirm that the city can be traced back to a set of components in relation to each other (system), that the processes of the system cannot be managed and controlled with deterministic tools (complex system) and, lastly, that the future evolution of the city-system cannot be predicted linearly on the basis of knowledge of the initial conditions (dynamically complex system). The degree of complexity reached by the city, as a modern expression of collective life, is such that it is unable to provide a compatible and adequate solution to the problems of the "city-system", which is subject, like all systems, to processes of entropy maximisation
Toward greener and pandemic-proof cities: North American cities policy responses to Covid-19 outbreak
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban practices section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie the challenges that the cities have to face. The present note provides an overview of the policies and initiatives undertaken in three North American cities in response to the Covid-19 outbreak: New York City (US), Mexico City (MX) and Montreal (CA). A cross-city analysis is used to derive a taxonomy of urban policy measures. The contribution discusses the effectiveness of each measures in providing answers to epidemic threats in urban areas while, at the same time, improving the sustainability and resilience of urban communities
Project suggestions for post-earthquake interventions in Italy
No full textOver the past 30 years, post-earthquake emergency event management in Italy has far too often focused on the provision of temporary wooden housing modules to accommodate displaced residents transferred from their areas of origin to other places. This has led to losing sight of the central objective of resettlement in the areas of origin of the displaced population. Despite significant financial contributions allocated by the Central Government, unacceptable delays in reconstruction have almost always occurred. This study is aimed at providing a set of practical suggestions, to make it possible for the population to lead an acceptable “coexistence” with the seismic risk in the high hilly and mountainous areas. This paper also highlights some contents of the recent implementation urban plans (SUM Minimum Urban Structures), which are meant to serve as a dynamic tool for the revival of fragile areas. A few operational recommendations concern the criteria for the choice of the areas where temporary wooden housing modules are to be established in the transitional phase, near the city centre. Finally, the operational suggestions delivered by the study may provide an opportunity to raise the risk protection level and enhance the most important available resource: human capital
Former military sites and post-Covid-19 city in Italy. May their reuse mitigate the pandemic impacts?
No full textThe presence of former military settlements, along with other abandoned spaces in the Italian cities, constitutes an opportunity for developing inclusive and green cities through a good governance, especially after the 2020 pandemic outbreak. This paper develops an analytical matrix for comparing and evaluating the redevelopment projects of a number of case studies in the Italian metropolitan cities of Bologna, Milan, Rome, and Turin in the face of the challenges of the post-COVID-19 issues. Although the difficulties to evaluate still ongoing redevelopment projects, I found two main results. First, the Italian political and economic context is what most influenced the redevelopment process and not so much the intrinsic characteristics of former military sites. Second, it seems that the reuse of these urban voids will not match a couple of features of the so-called post-COVID-19 features, i.e. inclusive and good governance, though the redevelopments can seemingly develop green cities
Spatial knowledge for risks prevention and mitigation
No full textThe scientific research described in this paper concerns the theme of Civil Protection Planning at Regional level and Disaster Risk Management. In particular, it concerns the definition and experimentation of a particular model of basic Knowledge System.
This model, which has been tested within the definition and predisposition of the ‘Knowledge elements of the Abruzzo Region territory and civil protection organization of the Abruzzo Region (It)’, is the result of a continuous and dynamic technical-scientific action, whose structure must necessarily be flexible in order to collect and analyse data and information concerning themes, the risks, which are constantly changing. In the research, an original analytical methodology of the Knowledge System has become the basis for the experimentation of a Regional Management Risk Plan (case study Abruzzo Region), a part of the Regional Civil Protection Plan, which allows to identify the Hotspots, i.e. areas characterized by very high and probably simultaneous risks, in which it is strictly necessary to identify prevention and mitigation interventions, the ‘Territorial Prevention and Recovery Projects’ that concern the structural activities of civil protection. The next steps will concern the definition of the methodology for the construction of a Digital Knowledge Platform for the establishment of a Spatial Information Modeling