Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Emergency and spatial planning towards cooperative approaches
No full textThe dependency of risk scenarios on the dynamics of urban transformation clearly highlights the need of ensuring a closer cooperation between spatial and emergency planning processes. So far the relationships between these processes have been rather limited, leading at most to the transposition of the emergency plans' indications in the spatial plans. Nevertheless, more cooperative approaches would be crucial to increase safety, resilience and sustainability of human settlements, above all when the latter are threatened by different hazard factors. In order to explore barriers and opportunities for a better cooperation between emergency and spatial planning tools, this contribution will focus on the Campi Flegrei in the Campania Region (Southern Italy): an area densely populated, hosting a significant historical, cultural, and natural heritage, and prone to volcanic, seismic and hydrogeological hazards. The case study area is also characteized by the coexistence of emergency and spatial planning tools acting on different spatial scales, developed by different actors and not always fully consistent each other. In detail, based on the in-depth analysis of the location and accessibility of emergency facilities, crucial to guarantee an effective response in the aftermath of hazardous events, we will here highlight both the main criticalities of the emergency plans recently carried out for the selected Municipalities and the difficulties and opportunities related to a better integration between spatial and emergency planning at municipal scale
Climate change as stressor in rural areas
No full textThis research aims at identifying main risk factors on rural areas, investigating characteristics both of the stressor and of the system, providing ordinary planning with tools that are useful in a preventive perspective and not only in emergency conditions. Local vulnerability assessment is a key tool able to provide a framework for prioritizing choices and actions in different strategies and policies. In literature, many studies focus on the assessment of local vulnerability, but there are few directly site-specific methods concerning climate change as stressor in rural areas, although they are particularly vulnerable contexts to climate change. Vulnerability of rural areas is principally linked to their significant dependence on agriculture sector and to specific socio-economic dynamics, often responsible of inequalities within communities.
Starting from these assumptions, authors define a methodology to quantitatively assess, in rural areas, the level of vulnerability to climate change based on climatic and context analysis at the municipality scale. The methodology is based on numerical and statistical computation operations on a set of indicators of climate exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity in order to provide an aggregate Vulnerability Index. The paper presents the results of the application to the Calabrian territorial context of the Grecanica Area (Italy)
Planning to prevent disasters
No full textThe evolution of cities, whose pattern is all but regular, is sometimes marked by rare events that may disrupt the normal development. Throughout history, cities grow and shrink, flourish and perish, in a slow and somehow predictable way, but sometimes they suffer sudden and unexpected changes. Those breakages that profoundly modify their urban schemes and land-uses, their identity and their economic and social activities, transform them into entirely new cities or radically convert large portion of space.
Whatever the outcome of a disaster could be, although it may result in a pattern of positive development, we must prevent the loss of human lives, the suffering, the loss and damages that accompanies every catastrophe. The main task of human action must therefore be risk mitigation, bearing in mind that risk is always present and the resources to mitigate it are often scarce.
Without going into the detail of any particular event and with methodological intent, the paper will try to investigate how we can better understand risk and how planning may influence the mitigation of risk
Public space and 15-minute city
No full textThe global Covid-19 pandemic has changed individuals, uses and perceptions of spaces and cities. The current debate in Urban Planning is animated by the themes of proximity, public space and accessibility to essential urban functions. The functioning of the contemporary city has definitely exploded, showing its shortcomings and underlining the need to interpret it as a fragmentable and self-sufficient entity in case of emergency. The new urban models and approaches adopted seek to respond to this by reallocating essential urban functions and eco-systemic connections so that the urban and peri-urban cooperate to initiate a process of socio-economic development. The idea of a multi-polar system marked by the metric of time of use is pursued. The centrality evolves from the geographical concept to the directional one, becoming infrastructural and cognitive to increase the liveability of the urban space. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how urban transformations, through the analysis of best practices and scientific literature, can be elements in support of the proximity city and how transformative placemaking can be part of the strategy
Sustainable development in cities: a review of frameworks and indexes
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Economy, business and land use section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie socio-economic relationships between firms and territories. The present note tries to clarify the concept of sustainable city from a practical perspective rather than from a theoretical one. It does that by describing some of the most widespread framework in defining urban sustainability
Evaluation vs landscape planning in the Italian framework
No full textTerritorial management can be implemented through an intervention perspective concerning a plurality of characteristics inherent to natural and artificial resources, in order to guarantee protection of environmental and territorial identity. The thesis, to be addressed in this paper, concerns the question of whether landscape planning is able to prevent and protect against the risks deriving from poor management of the territory. In particular, in Italy the Landscape Plan, in the role it assumes under the so called Urbani Code, recognizes the value of the territories in an attempt to direct the safeguarding and restoration of landscape values. In this paper the role of Strategic Environmental Assessments in the prevention of risks in the hypothesis of reasonable alternatives has been analysed
Covid-19 pandemic and activity patterns in Milan. Wi-Fi sensors and location-based data
No full textThe recent development of location detection systems allows to monitor, understand and predict the activity patterns of the city users. In this framework, the research focuses on the analysis of a sample of aggregated traffic data, based on the number of mobile devices detected through a network of 55 Wi-Fi Access Points in Milan. Data was collected over 7 months (January to July 2020), allowing for a study on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on activity patterns. Data analysis was based on merging: (i) time series analysis of trends, peak hours and mobility profiles; (ii) GIS-based spatial analysis of land data and Public Transport data. Results showed the effectiveness of Wi-Fi location data to monitor and characterize long-term trends about activity patterns in large scale urban scenarios. Results also showed a significant correlation between Wi-Fi data and the density distribution of residential buildings, service and transportation facilities, entertainment, financial amenities, department stores and bike-sharing docking stations. In this context, a Suitability Analysis Index is proposed, aiming at identifying the areas of Milan which could be exploited for more extensive data collection campaigns by means of the installation of additional Wi-Fi sensors. Future work is based on the development of Wi-Fi sensing applications for monitoring mobility data in real time.
 
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan and the electric mobility challenge. First results of the planning process in Genoa (IT)
No full textAn increased use of local public transport (LPT) is often proposed as an essential contribution to the overall response to the environmental challenges. The major changes in the urban layout are accompanied by an adaptation of the infrastructural settings, necessary so that the movements can take place quickly, safely and efficiently, following to the main exigencies of its citizens. For this purpose, in accordance with the European Directive 2014/94 on alternative fuels, in Italy, the coordinated action at national level supports electricity and other fuels (such as liquefied and compressed natural gas and hydrogen) as priority fields of interventions for the entire supply of the transportation sector. Aware of the current state of Italian urban mobility, in August 2017 the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) introduced a planning tool dedicated to the 14 Metropolitan Cities, the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) with the crucial objective of the electrification of “Rapid Mass Transport - TRM" systems. In particular, only TRM interventions that create a zero-emission are eligible for funding. Precisely in relation to sustainable electric mobility, this contribution deals with the step-wise project of new 4 trolleybus lines in Genoa, as an initial application of metropolitan TRM systems in Italy. In the paper, author provides the assessment of the electrification project adopted in Genoa and also first results from the case-study planning process
Citizen science: involving citizens in research projects and urban planning
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Economy, business and land use section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie socio-economic relationships between firms and territories. The present note tackles the issue of citizen science, a new data collection methodology for research project that generates sustainability benefits, and that is recently finding applications in urban context to solve social and environmental issues while providing useful information that can be also used to develop urban plans
Environmental quality of emergency areas. A methodology to assess shelter areas liveability
No full textThe types of risk that territories are facing today have greatly increased in recent years, having multiplied the damage that human activity has produced and continues to produce on the natural environment. With the aim to create a really resilient territory it is necessary to carry out an environmental quality assessment together with risk analysis, in order to build effective responses to the possible problems resulting from the changes in progress. This assessment should be integrated into the knowledge framework of existing planning tools, in particular as regards the Emergency Plan. Among the Plan contents, indeed, the identification of the areas for the accommodation of population affected by disaster is included. Nevertheless, currently localization criteria are mainly used, without considering the potential liveability of these areas.
This document presents the first results of a research aimed at identifying and assessing the factors useful to ensure an adequate environmental quality of the shelter areas, defined following the comparative study of evaluation systems used in different countries. Research aims to provide opportunity for broader reflection on the relationship that needs to be established between these evaluation systems and planning tools, in respect of which there is at present almost total independence