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Mejora de la solubilidad del brexpiprazol para la esquizofrenia mediante complejación ternaria de ciclodextrina HPβ
Get PDFIntroduction: The present study focuses on the solubility and dissolution rate enhancement of Brexpiprazole with Hydroxy Propyl β-cyclodextrin and succinic acid as a solubiliser for schizophrenia.
Materials & Method: Brexpiprazole was obtained as a gift sample from CTX Life sciences, Sachin, Surat. Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin was gifted by Good Health Pvt. Ltd Sachin, Surat. Binary and ternary complexes were prepared using three different methods and characterized using the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and invitro dissolution studies.
Results: It was observed that among different ratios of drug and polymer used, 1:5 ratio of drug and polymer for binary complex was found to be the optimized and solvent evaporation method gave the best results. The ternary complex was then prepared using this ratio in different concentration of succinic acid (0.25, 0.5 and 1 % w/w) and optimum concentration of succinic acid as a solubiliser was of 1 %. The drug release was found to be maximum 92 % as compared to binary complex. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the formation of stable complex.
Conclusions: It was concluded that ternary complex had maximum drug release of 92% at the end of 60 minutes resulting in solubility and dissolution rate enhancement.Introducción: El presente estudio se centra en la mejora de la solubilidad y la velocidad de disolución del brexpiprazol con hidroxipropil β-ciclodextrina y ácido succínico como solubilizador para la esquizofrenia.
Método: Brexpiprazol se obtuvo como muestra de regalo de CTX Life sciences, Sachin, Surat. La hidroxipropil beta ciclodextrina fue donada por Good Health Pvt. Limitado. Ltd. Sachin, Surat. Los complejos binarios y ternarios se prepararon utilizando tres métodos diferentes y se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier, calorimetría diferencial de barrido, difracción de rayos X y estudios de disolución in vitro.
Resultados: Se observó que entre las diferentes proporciones de fármaco y polímero utilizadas, la proporción 1:5 de fármaco y polímero para el complejo binario resultó ser la optimizada y el método de evaporación del disolvente dio los mejores resultados. Luego se preparó el complejo ternario usando esta proporción en diferentes concentraciones de ácido succínico (0,25, 0,5 y 1 % p/p) y la concentración óptima de ácido succínico como solubilizador fue del 1 %. Se encontró que la liberación del fármaco era máxima del 92% en comparación con el complejo binario. Los resultados de la espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier, la calorimetría diferencial de barrido y la difracción de rayos X confirmaron la formación de un complejo estable.
Conclusiones: Se concluyó que el complejo ternario tuvo una liberación máxima del fármaco del 92 % al final de 60 minutos, lo que resultó en una mejora de la solubilidad y la velocidad de disolución
We can do it! Roles patriarcales e invisibilidad de la mujer en el trabajo a lo largo de la historia
Get PDFIntroduction: The world of work is one of the areas where the role restrictions imposed on women by patriarchy are most visible. Usually, feminized jobs are those related to care (whether in the health sector: medicine, nursing) or to the care and education of children and young people (teaching).
Methodology: The research methodology of this study is mixed, analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data, which is common in the field of social science didactics. The design of the activities was previously validated by an international focus group of experts in history education, secondary school teachers and museum experts. Students had to complete the activities individually in class, following the question guide to analyze historical sources.
Results: Students’ responses were generally very positive. The assessment of prior knowledge confirms the initial hypotheses about the main stereotypes that exist about the role of women in the workplace. Through the analysis of works of art and museum resources, most students understood that this situation of inequality was based on patriarchal structures and that these unjust situations still exist today.
Conclusions: Most of the participants also respond that the path that has been followed and should be followed in the future is that of struggle and protest through the feminist movement.Introducción: El mundo laboral es uno de los ámbitos donde más fácilmente se pueden observar las limitaciones de los roles que el patriarcado ha impuesto a la mujer. Habitualmente, los trabajos feminizados son aquellos que corresponden con los cuidados (ya sea en cuestiones de salud: medicina, enfermería) o el cuidado y enseñanza a niños y adolescentes (docencia).
Método: La metodología de investigación de este estudio es mixta, analizando tanto datos cualitativos, como cuantitativos, algo habitual en el campo de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales. El diseño de actividades ha sido previamente validado a través de un grupo focal internacional entre expertos en Didáctica de la Historia, profesorado de Educación Secundaria y expertos de museos. Los estudiantes debieron completar las actividades de manera individual en clase siguiendo la guía de preguntas para analizar las fuentes históricas.
Resultados: Las respuestas de los estudiantes han sido, en general, muy positivas. La detección de conocimientos previos confirma las hipótesis iniciales sobre los grandes estereotipos que existen sobre los roles de la mujer en el ámbito laboral. A través del análisis de obras de arte y recursos de museos, la mayoría de los estudiantes han entendido que esta situación de desigualdad se fundamenta en las estructuras patriarcales, y que todavía hoy se siguen dando estas situaciones injustas.
Conclusiones: La mayoría de los participantes también responden que el camino que se ha seguido, y que se debe seguir en el futuro es el de la lucha y la protesta a través del movimiento feminista
Physiological, neuromuscular and perceived exertion responses in badminton games
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to characterise the physiological, neuromuscular and perceived exertion variables during a badminton match and to assess the influence of these variables on the characteristics of the game. Each variable was measured before, every ten minutes, and ten and twenty minutes after a badminton game. Using a lactate device, a heart rate monitor, an accelerometric system, a dynamometer, a camera and a Borg scale, twelve games between elite players were analysed. An increase was found in the heart rate, blood lactate and in the recovery time, while a decrease was found in the power output of the lower and upper limb joints and shot frequency. These results suggest the capability of the players to preserve a high intensity of performance for as long as possible despite general fatigue. The fatigue induced by changes in physiological variables is affected more by the intensity of the stroke rather than the duration of the rallies. The perceived exertion is thought to be a combination of attentional and neuromuscular fatigue rather than related to changes in metabolites. Consequently, in future studies, researchers and trainers should consider the fatigue state as a means to increase players’ ability
The influence of expertise on anticipation of badminton single serves
Get PDFBadminton is a fast racket sport and requires players to develop highly advanced anticipation skills. Research has identified differences in the way that experts badminton players fixate their gaze during play. Investigating eye movement patterns in badminton players, may help to understand how expertise is associated with better anticipation abilities. All previous research on the return of a badminton serve has been solely made up of laboratory-based components and consequently it is arguable as to whether athletic skills are transferable from real-life settings. This study investigated the return of a badminton serve in a game setting. Expertise and type of serve acted as the independent variables when investigating between-group differences during fixation development. The experts (N=23) and novices (N=11) were asked to return forehand serves, whilst wearing a mobile eye tracker, for recording eye movement data for refixations, first visual intake duration and dwell time. The results demonstrated that both experts and novices targeted similar fixation sites. However, during the short serve, experts were found to make more fixations and longer fixation durations, suggesting that experts may use their pre-existing knowledge about badminton in anticipating serve returns
Psychobiosocial states in competitive badminton: Similarities and differences between juniors, adolescents and adults
Get PDFEmotions affect the way elite athletes respond during competitive play. Elite athletes who identify and regulate emotions can increase their consistency and optimize high quality play. This cross-sectional study examined the extent to which psychobiosocial states of elite badminton players vary by age. Ninety-one elite badminton players in three age groups (lower juniors, upper juniors, and adults) rated their post-play perceptions on eight components of psychobiosocial states (Bortoli, et al., 2008) for both their best and worst performance during the tournament. Descriptive statistics assessed the relative strength of emotions on each item and an analysis of variance examined differences between the three groups. Age differences were found in the perception of the psychobiosocial states in competitive badminton matches in terms of most identified states and intensity. The findings inform coaches’ understanding athlete’s individual zone of optimal function (IZOF) and can help them cope with psychobiosocial states during matches
Análisis de la efectividad de los elementos técnico-tácticos durante la fase de servicio-recepción en jóvenes atletas de tenis de mesa
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to record and compare the technical and tactical elements of the strokes during serve, receive and winning shots between winning and defeated female table tennis athletes, belonging to the cadet leagues and to study their relation with the outcome of the match. The sample for this study was 36 official table tennis matches (2487 rallies) of Cadets (14 ± 1.48 years). The technical and tactical analyses was concerned to the type and direction of serve and receive, the success rates of the player serving and receiving, as well as the process of winning a point after an offensive shot. In order to record and analyze the matches, the method of video analysis was used and for the statistical treatment of the data the non-parametric x2 test was implemented. The results revealed that the forehand grip was mainly used for the execution of a serve and the serve of the young female winners was statistically superior to the losers, regarding the score and the rates of successful receive. Statistically significant differences were also observed in the first return of the ball after the execution of the serve, where the winners preferred mostly the forehand-push, backhand-topspin and forehand-topspin, making even more winning shots compared to the losers. The findings of the current study could be used by coaches in Cadet leagues to improve training methods and help them to provide feedback to the athletes during the matches.El objetivo de este estudio fue grabar y comparar los elementos técnicos y tácticos de los golpes en el servicio, la recepción y los golpes ganadores (winner shots) entre atletas de tenis de mesa mujeres ganadoras y derrotadas que pertenecen a ligas cadetes, y estudiar su relación con el resultado del partido. La muestra para este estudio fue de 36 partidos oficiales de tenis de mesa (2487 rallies) de cadetes (14 ± 1.48 años). Los análisis técnicos y tácticos estaban relacionados con el tipo y dirección del servicio y la recepción, las tasas de éxito de la jugadora al servir y recibir, así como el proceso de ganar un punto luego de un golpe ofensivo. Con el fin de grabar y analizar los partidos, se usó el método de análisis de video y para el tratamiento estadístico de los datos se usó la prueba no paramétrica x2. Los resultados revelaron que el agarre forehand era usado principalmente para la ejecución de un servicio, y el servicio de las mujeres ganadoras jóvenes fue estadísticamente superior al de las perdedoras en cuanto al puntaje y las tasas de recepción exitosa. También se observaron diferencias significativas estadísticamente en la primera devolución de la pelota luego de la ejecución del servicio, cuando las ganadoras prefirieron principalmente el forehand-push, el backhand-topspin y el forehand-topspin lograron más golpes ganadores comparadas con las perdedoras. Los hallazgos del presente estudio pueden ser útiles para los entrenadores en las ligas cadetes para que mejoren sus métodos de entrenamiento y puedan brindar una mejor retroalimentación a las atletas durante los partidos
Tratamiento de codo de tenista en deportes de raqueta – revisión de la literatura
Get PDFBackground: Pain from the lateral aspect of the elbow is a common symptom in racket sports, both in recreational and competitive players. In Tennis elbow (TE), the pain is elicited from the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor origin just distal of the epicondyle. The symptoms are aggravated by gripping activity and might be related to activity level, in work as well as in recreational or elite racket sports. TE is considered to be an overuse injury of degenerative nature and the diagnose is easily made, based on a typical history and clinical findings. Objective: To present current knowledge concerning management of TE in racket sports by a review of the literature. Methods: Narrative literature review. Results: An overview of TE in racket sports with highlight on the clinical features, alternative diagnoses and suggested treatments in the literature. Since TE is considered to be an overuse injury, the paper also provides advises for training plan besides management until resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: This painful condition is self-limiting with a good prognosis. No treatment has convincingly evidence, besides methods for reducing pain symptoms. When the pain symptoms are under control, it is important that the return to racket sports is gradual.Antecedentes: El dolor en la parte lateral del codo es un síntoma común en los deportes de raqueta, tanto en jugadores recreacionales como de competición. En el codo de tenista (CT), el dolor se produce en el epicóndilo lateral y en el origen del extensor común justo distal al epicóndilo. Los síntomas se agravan con actividades de agarre y pueden estar relacionados con el nivel de actividad, ya sea en el trabajo o en los deportes de raqueta recreacionales o de élite. Se considera que el CT es una lesión por sobreuso de naturaleza degenerativa y el diagnóstico se realiza fácilmente basado en la historia y los hallazgos clínicos. Objetivo: Presentar el conocimiento actual sobre el tratamiento del CT en los deportes de raqueta a través de una revisión de la literatura. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura narrativa. Resultados: Un resumen del CT en los deportes de raqueta con énfasis en las características clínicas, los diagnósticos alternativos y los tratamientos sugeridos en la literatura. Dado que el CT se considera una lesión por sobreuso, el artículo también hace sugerencias para un plan de entrenamiento adicional al tratamiento hasta que se resuelvan los síntomas. Conclusiones: Esta condición dolorosa es autolimitada y tiene un buen pronóstico. No hay tratamiento con evidencia determinante, además de los métodos para reducir los síntomas de dolor. Cuando los síntomas de dolor están bajo control, es importante que el regreso a los deportes de raqueta sea gradual
Identidad, conflicto y traducción ética: el papel del heterolingüismo en Girl, Woman, Other (2019)
Get PDFHeterolingualism (Grutman, 1997) is a discursive mechanism employed in contemporary narrative fiction to represent migrants’ identities and subvert hegemonic discourses. The ethical conflict posed by the translation of such cosmopolitan and transnational narratives entails adopting a translation approach that is equally ethical and cosmopolitan (Vidal Claramonte, 2015; 2021). Having said that, this paper explores the functions of heterolingualism in the novel Girl, Woman, Other (2019) by Bernardine Evaristo, focusing on the linguistic variation of two characters: Bummi and Carole. Likewise, it examines the translation into Spanish by translator Julia Osuna Aguilar to describe the strategies used to translate non-standard and hybrid varieties. To do so, I resort to theories on contemporary narrative fiction exploring migratory experiences, and heterolingualism from the perspective of translation studies and literary studies. This paper ultimately shows that the Spanish translation constitutes an exemplary case of an ethical translation. El heterolingüismo (Grutman, 1997) es un mecanismo discursivo empleado en la ficción contemporánea para reflejar las identidades de los individuos migrantes y subvertir discursos hegemónicos. El conflicto ético que entraña traducir narrativas cosmopolitas y transnacionales requiere la adopción de un enfoque traductológico igualmente ético y cosmopolita (Vidal Claramonte, 2015; 2021). Dicho esto, este estudio examina las funciones que desempeña el heterolingüismo en la novela Girl, Woman, Other (2019) de Bernardine Evaristo, con especial atención a la variación lingüística en dos personajes: Bummi y Carole. Asimismo, analiza la traducción al español a cargo de Julia Osuna Aguilar y describe las estrategias empleadas para traducir las variedades no estándares e híbridas. Para ello, se recopilan aportaciones sobre la ficción narrativa contemporánea que explora la experiencia migratoria y teorías sobre el heterolingüismo, desde la óptica de la traductología y los estudios literarios. Este análisis demuestra que la traducción española constituye un ejemplo paradigmático de traducción ética
Лингвистические категории гендерных норм (на материале квир-поэтического сборника «Под одной обложкой»):
Get PDFThe structure of the Russian language is characterised as androcentric, as masculine words are used to denote social and professional status. Despite active discussion of gender equality in modern society, the use of feminitives in Russian remains relatively limited. However, the active use of feminitives in media, social networks, and the press indicates a growing need to create words that specifically to denote the social statuses of women. This article analyses the collection of queer poetry ‘Under One Cover’, published in Kazakhstan in 2018, which represents a significant literary phenomenon in Central Asia. The collection presents poems by 21 authors from different countries, united by the themes of criticism of patriarchal culture, gender coercion and violence. The study pays particular attention to the “About the authors” section, where the poets' self-presentations demonstrate various strategies of self-identification. The authors of the article observe that some poets use feminitives to denote their professional activities, status and gender identity, including both traditional forms and neologisms. Other authors prefer masculine forms or avoid gendered vocabulary altogether, using action verbs. The analysis has shown that the use of feminitives in the collection raises important social themes, reflects a desire to overcome linguistic resistance and fixes the coexistence of common and new social phenomena, demonstrates linguistic innovations in the sphere of gender self-identification of the authors. The mixing of feminitives and masculinitives, as well as the use of prefixation, is seen as a means of expanding linguistic possibilities for self-expression.The structure of the Russian language is characterised as androcentric, as masculine words are used to denote social and professional status. Despite active discussion of gender equality in modern society, the use of feminitives in Russian remains relatively limited. However, the active use of feminitives in media, social networks, and the press indicates a growing need to create words that specifically to denote the social statuses of women. This article analyses the collection of queer poetry ‘Under One Cover’, published in Kazakhstan in 2018, which represents a significant literary phenomenon in Central Asia. The collection presents poems by 21 authors from different countries, united by the themes of criticism of patriarchal culture, gender coercion and violence. The study pays particular attention to the “About the authors” section, where the poets' self-presentations demonstrate various strategies of self-identification. The authors of the article observe that some poets use feminitives to denote their professional activities, status and gender identity, including both traditional forms and neologisms. Other authors prefer masculine forms or avoid gendered vocabulary altogether, using action verbs. The analysis has shown that the use of feminitives in the collection raises important social themes, reflects a desire to overcome linguistic resistance and fixes the coexistence of common and new social phenomena, demonstrates linguistic innovations in the sphere of gender self-identification of the authors. The mixing of feminitives and masculinitives, as well as the use of prefixation, is seen as a means of expanding linguistic possibilities for self-expression.Русский язык характеризуется как андроцентричный по своей структуре, так как для обозначения социального и профессионального статуса используются слова мужского рода. Несмотря на активное обсуждение равенства мужчин и женщин в современном обществе, феминитивы в русском языке ограничены. Однако активное использование феминитивов в СМИ, социальных сетях и печати свидетельствует о возникшей необходимости создания слов для обозначения социальных статусов женщин. Данная статья посвящена анализу сборника квир-поэзии «Под одной обложкой», изданного в Казахстане в 2018 году и ставшего первым подобным литературным явлением в Центральной Азии. В сборнике представлены стихи 21 автора из разных стран, объединенных темой критики патриархальной культуры, гендерного принуждения и насилия. В исследовании особое внимание уделяется разделу об авторах, где самопрезентации поэтов демонстрируют различные стратегии самоидентификации. В статье отмечается, что часть поэтов, используя как традиционные, так и авторские феминитивы, обозначает ими свою профессиональную деятельность, социальный статус и гендерную принадлежность. Другие авторы предпочитают маскулинные формы или вовсе избегают гендерно маркированной лексики, используя глаголы действия. Анализ показал, что использование феминитивов в сборнике поднимает важные социальные темы, отражает стремление преодолеть языковое сопротивление и фиксирует сосуществование общепринятых и новых социальных явлений, демонстрирует языковые инновации в сфере гендерной самоидентификации авторов. Смешение феминитивов и маскулинитивов, а также использование префиксации рассматривается как способ расширения языковых возможностей для самовыражения
О символике романа Дмитрия Данилова «Саша, привет!»
Get PDFThis article focuses on the artistic space of the novel “Hello, Sasha!” (2023), written by Dmitry Danilov, a contemporary Russian prose writer, poet, and playwright. The purpose of this study is to analyze the symbolism of the novel, its genre and plot uniqueness, and determine its place in the contemporary literary process. Through the analysis of the figurative and motivational aspects of the novel's plot level, the author uses literary criticism and structural, textual, and comparative research methods to conclude that “Hello, Sasha!” is a genre-specific novel that combines elements of the dystopian and absurd novel. The author also explores the relationship between the author and the main character using the axiological method. The author of the article draws attention to the use of the technique of estrangement in the novel, which allows the writer to convey the psychological crisis of the protagonist, Sergei Petrovich Frolov, a teacher of Russian literature who is in a state of daily anticipation of his execution, and to take the reader out of the automatic perception of the new realities of the modern world. Dmitry Danilov’s dystopian novel with elements of absurdity provides an opportunity to reflect on true freedom and the value of human life. It focuses the reader's attention on the dependence on various popular time patterns, such as personal growth and successful success, religion as spiritual fast food, love, sex, and alcohol as escapes from reality. The novel highlights the illusory and doomed nature of a world saturated with comfort and consumption.This article focuses on the artistic space of the novel “Hello, Sasha!” (2023), written by Dmitry Danilov, a contemporary Russian prose writer, poet, and playwright. The purpose of this study is to analyze the symbolism of the novel, its genre and plot uniqueness, and determine its place in the contemporary literary process. Through the analysis of the figurative and motivational aspects of the novel's plot level, the author uses literary criticism and structural, textual, and comparative research methods to conclude that “Hello, Sasha!” is a genre-specific novel that combines elements of the dystopian and absurd novel. The author also explores the relationship between the author and the main character using the axiological method. The author of the article draws attention to the use of the technique of estrangement in the novel, which allows the writer to convey the psychological crisis of the protagonist, Sergei Petrovich Frolov, a teacher of Russian literature who is in a state of daily anticipation of his execution, and to take the reader out of the automatic perception of the new realities of the modern world. Dmitry Danilov’s dystopian novel with elements of absurdity provides an opportunity to reflect on true freedom and the value of human life. It focuses the reader's attention on the dependence on various popular time patterns, such as personal growth and successful success, religion as spiritual fast food, love, sex, and alcohol as escapes from reality. The novel highlights the illusory and doomed nature of a world saturated with comfort and consumption.Данная статья посвящена художественному пространству романа «Саша, привет!» (2022), созданному современным российским прозаиком, поэтом и драматургом Дмитрием Даниловым. Цель исследования – проанализировать символику романа, его жанрово-сюжетное своеобразие и определить место романа в современном литературном процессе. Через рассмотрение образного и мотивного планов сюжетного уровня романа путем литературоведческого анализа с использованием структурного, текстологического и сравнительного методов исследования автор статьи приходит к выводу о жанровом и сюжетно-композиционном своеобразии романа «Саша, привет!», синтезировавшем черты романа-антиутопии и романа-абсурда. Отдельным аспектом исследования автора статьи становится взаимодействие образов автора романа и главного героя, которое делается на основе аксиологического метода. Автор статьи обращает внимание на наличие в романе приема остранения, позволяющего писателю передать состояние психологического кризиса героя – Сергея Петровича Фролова, преподавателя русской литературы, находящегося в состоянии ежедневного ожидания смертной казни, и вывести читателя из автоматизма восприятия новых реалий современного мира. Созданный Дмитрием Даниловым роман-антиутопия с элементами абсурда дает возможность задуматься об истинной свободе и ценности человеческой жизни, фокусирует внимание читателя на зависимости от многих популярных паттернов времени – таких как личностный рост и успешный успех, религия как духовный фастфуд, любовь, секс, алкоголь как побег от реальности, и свидетельствует об иллюзорности и обреченности мира, пропитанного идеями комфорта и потребления.