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La forma del derecho: de la institución a la textualidad
Full text linkForm, seen first and foremost as corporeality, but also as the mode of being of a thought or an expression, is an opportunity to consider a material study of law. Behind ideas such as text and fiction, this paper offers an alternative reading of the history of legal thought. Indeed, and also with the backing of Pierre Legendre’s approaches, the following research attempts to open the reader to the possibilities of fiction, its presence in legal discourse and the institution as a linguistic montage as a possibility of law. For this we will pass through the material dimension of law, beyond the form understood by legal formalists and positivists who rely solely on the possible ways in which law takes shape and prevails. Finally, we are interested in the textuality of law and its record of historical, literary and linguistic modulations.La forma vista, ante todo, como la corporeidad, pero también como el modo de ser de un pensamiento o de una expresión, es una oportunidad para plantearnos un estudio material del derecho. Detrás de ideas como texto y ficción, este trabajo ofrece una lectura alternativa de la historia del pensamiento jurídico. En efecto, y también con apoyo en los planteamientos de Pierre Legendre, la siguiente investigación intenta abrir la reflexión a las posibilidades de la ficción, su presencia en el discurso jurídico y a la institución como montaje lingüístico como posibilidad del derecho. Para ello transitaremos a través de la dimensión material del derecho, más allá de la forma entendida por los formalistas y positivistas jurídicos que se apoyan únicamente en los modos posibles en que el derecho toma cuerpo e impera. En definitiva, nos interesa la textualidad del derecho y su historial de modulaciones históricas, literarias y lingüísticas
Entre Estado garante y Estado capturado: el nuevo rostro del derecho administrativo: MELERO ALONSO, Eduardo. El Derecho Administrativo de la globalización neoliberal. Madrid: Dykinson, 2025, 238 páginas
No full text¿Como abordar o ângulo na escola primária? Conhecimento especializado e prática docente
Full text linkThe teaching of angles improves when their definitions, uses, meanings, and the various ways they are represented in school mathematics are deeply reflected upon. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize aspects of specialized knowledge that a primary school teacher mobilizes when addressing the notion of angle. Using the Mathematics Teacher’s Specialized Knowledge analytical model and based on a theoretical review of the concept, five episodes from the teaching practice are analyzed. The findings show a predominance of the static notion of angle, without considering the angle as a representation of a turn, which may hinder students’ conceptual understanding.La enseñanza del ángulo mejora al reflexionar sobre su definición, usos, significados y formas en las que se presenta en la matemática escolar. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar y caracterizar aspectos del conocimiento especializado que una maestra moviliza cuando trabaja con ángulos en Educación Primaria. Utilizando el modelo analítico Mathematics Teacher’s Specialised Knowledge y partiendo de una revisión teórica del concepto, se analizan cinco episodios de enseñanza. Se observa que prevalece la noción estática del ángulo, sin considerar el ángulo como la representación de un giro, lo que limita la apropiación del concepto por el estudiantado.O ensino do ângulo melhora quando se reflete profundamente sobre sua definição, usos, significados e as diferentes formas como se apresenta na matemática escolar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar aspectos do conhecimento especializado que uma professora mobiliza ao trabalhar a noção de ângulo no Ensino Fundamental. Utilizando o modelo analítico Mathematics Teacher’s Specialized Knowledge e a partir de uma revisão teórica do conceito, analisam-se cinco episódios da prática docente de uma professora. Observa-se uma predominância da noção estática de ângulo, sem considerar o ângulo como representação de uma rotação, o que pode dificultar a apropriação do conceito pelos alunos
Estética matemática no currículo escolar de matemática: uma revisão sistemática
Full text linkThis systematic review presents the characteristics of scientific production in the field of mathematical aesthetics and the school mathematics curriculum using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology and examines how research addresses the integration of aesthetics into the teaching of mathematics through the curriculum. The analysis shows that fostering aesthetic experiences within the curriculum through inquiry, narratives, technology, and manipulative materials, as well as recognizing the diversity of sensibilities, enhances appreciation of this discipline. The results offer guidelines for designing curricula that promote the aesthetic dimension of mathematics.Esta revisión sistemática muestra las características de la producción científica sobre estética matemática y currículo de las matemáticas escolares utilizando la metodología PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) y examina cómo la investigación aborda la integración de la estética en la enseñanza de las matemáticas mediante el currículo. El análisis realizado evidencia que fomentar experiencias estéticas desde el currículo a través de indagación, narrativas, tecnología y materiales manipulativos, así como reconocer la diversidad de sensibilidades, mejora la apreciación de esta disciplina. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen pautas para diseñar currículos que promuevan la dimensión estética de las matemáticas.Esta revisão sistemática apresenta as características da produção científica na área da estética matemática e do currículo escolar de matemática, utilizando a metodologia PRISMA (Itens Preferenciais para o Relato de Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises) e examina como a investigação aborda a integração da estética no ensino da matemática através do currículo. A análise demonstra que promover experiências estéticas no currículo através da investigação, narrativas, tecnologia e materiais manipuláveis, bem como reconhecer a diversidade de sensibilidades, aumenta a valorização desta disciplina. Os resultados oferecem orientações para a elaboração de currículos que promovam a dimensão estética da matemática
La Producción de la nota informativa:: reflexiones desde los estudios del discurso
Full text linkIn this paper, we address the multiple constraints involved in the production of journalistic texts, particularly those concerning the news report. These constraints involve formats that initially determine discursive distribution, and for this reason, we focus on the theory of journalistic genres and subgenres. These formats, which constitute a pre-construct, allow for the establishment of discursive genre categories, which will follow the model imposed by the corresponding format. To these constraints must be added socio-ideological constraints, from which social visibilities of events are constructed according to the cultural and discursive competencies of the journalistic text creator. In this sense, it is important to turn to Discourse Analysis to better define the implications of such a construction from the moment of textual generation. The objective, based on a theoretical conception, is to show that the event that will serve as the subject of the news report is structured through certain forms of discourse that ultimately constitute a mediation between the fact and its social representation. It is considered that discourses are related to conventional knowledge of the world and, therefore, enunciative compositions.En este trabajo nos ocupamos de las múltiples coerciones que intervienen en la producción de textos periodísticos, en particular del concerniente a la nota informativa. Estas coerciones implican formatos que determinan en una primera instancia la distribución discursiva, y es por este motivo que prestamos atención a la teoría de géneros y subgéneros periodísticos. Estos formatos permiten establecer las categorías de géneros discursivos, que van a seguir el modelo impuesto por el formato correspondiente. A estas coerciones hay que añadir las de carácter socio-ideológico, a partir de las cuales se construyen visibilidades sociales de los acontecimientos de acuerdo con las competencias culturales y discursivas del constructor de textos periodísticos. En tal sentido es importante recurrir al Análisis del Discurso para precisar de una mejor manera las implicaciones de semejante construcción desde el momento de la generación textual. El objetivo, a partir de una concepción teórica, es mostrar que el acontecimiento que servirá como tema de la nota informativa se estructura desde ciertas formas del discurso que finalmente constituyen una mediación entre el hecho y su representación social. Se tiene en cuenta que los discursos están en relación con conocimientos convencionales del mundo y, por lo tanto, composiciones enunciativas
Diagnóstico archivístico y preservación del patrimonio universitario: el caso de la Dirección de Cine y Televisión del Centro Cultural de la UNMSM
No full textThis article presents the results of the project "Diagnosis and Preventive Conservation of the Film Heritage of the Film and Television Directorate - UNMSM," developed collaboratively by students, professors, and researchers in communication, visual anthropology, and film preservation. Promoted by the INCOMUN group and the Film and Audiovisual Production Directorate of the San Marcos Cultural Center, the project seeks to strengthen the preservation of audiovisual heritage at Peruvian public universities. In a national context without cultural policies for film conservation, the initiative lays the groundwork for research, training, and institutional advocacy. Its achievements include the classification of the Cine-Arte San Marcos film collection, the identification of the magnetic collection of the First National Film and Video Biennial (2004), the digitization of the Butaca magazine (1998–2016), and the proposal of the University Laboratory for Film and Audiovisual Research and Preservation at UNMSM.El artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto “Diagnóstico y conservación preventiva del patrimonio fílmico de la Dirección de Cine y Televisión – UNMSM”, desarrollado de forma colaborativa entre estudiantes, docentes e investigadores de comunicación, antropología visual y preservación fílmica. Impulsado por el grupo INCOMUN y la Dirección de Cine y Producción Audiovisual del Centro Cultural San Marcos, el proyecto busca fortalecer la preservación del patrimonio audiovisual en la universidad pública peruana. En un contexto nacional sin políticas culturales para la conservación cinematográfica, la iniciativa sienta bases para la investigación, formación e incidencia institucional. Entre sus logros destacan la clasificación del fondo fílmico Cine-Arte San Marcos, la identificación del fondo magnético de la Primera Bienal Nacional de Cine y Video (2004), la digitalización de la revista Butaca (1998–2016) y la propuesta del Laboratorio Universitario de Investigación y Preservación Cinematográfica y Audiovisual de la UNMSM
Los hechos como cara oculta del derecho
Full text linkThe text argues that legal formalism tends to disregard the social, political, and economic factors that condition the creation, application, and reception of law. For formalist jurists, facts are something ‘anomic’. This ‘aversion to facts’ is not merely an epistemological omission, but a strategy of self-preservation that guarantees the symbolic autonomy of legal discourse and protects its institutional authority. However, this closure impoverishes the understanding of law as a social phenomenon, especially with the transformations it has undergone in the world of globalization. The text therefore proposes an opening towards perspectives that integrate factuality as a constitutive dimension of law, which implies rethinking its epistemology and assuming that legal practices are always traversed by power relations and situated contexts that shape their meaning and scope.El texto sostiene que el formalismo jurídico tiende a desatender los hechos sociales, políticos y económicos que condicionan la creación, aplicación y recepción del derecho. Para los juristas formalistas, los hechos son algo “anómico”. Esta “aversión a los hechos” no es una mera omisión epistemológica, sino una estrategia de autopreservación que garantiza la autonomía simbólica del discurso jurídico y protege su autoridad institucional. Sin embargo, dicha clausura empobrece la comprensión del derecho como fenómeno social, especialmente con las transformaciones que ha experimentado en el mundo de la globalización. El texto propone, por tanto, una apertura hacia perspectivas que integren la facticidad como dimensión constitutiva del derecho, lo que implica repensar su epistemología y asumir que las prácticas jurídicas están siempre atravesadas por relaciones de poder y por contextos situados que moldean su sentido y alcance.
 
Alternativas locais na educação (Mar del Plata na primeira metade do século XX)
Full text linkThis text moves away from the gray tide of Argentine educational history, which is typically anchored in nostalgia and pessimism. On the shores of Mar del Plata, during the first half of the 20th century, a different narrative emerges – one that isn't limited to a high school, but to a queer utopia that dances with time. Here, education is narrated as flexible, light, and organic, born from a project that broke free from traditional molds with its own unique currents. Knowledge wasn't dictated from a stage; it was breathed in the city's air. The story that unfolds is for nonconformist spirits. It features students and teachers who challenged the norm, a curriculum that extended beyond the walls, and a learning experience that was lived on one's own skin. This is the story of a place where education was interwoven with the sand and time emerges on any shore. As narrative research, it is anchored in the local dimension, affirming the importance of co-composing environments that temporally expand education.Este artigo apresenta uma investigação narrativa sobre alternativas locais na educação em Mar del Plata, Argentina, durante a primeira metade do século XX. O objetivo é analisar como essas experiências desafiaram as narrativas educativas dominantes e universais. A metodologia é um estudo de caso, o Colegio Nacional de Mar del Plata, baseado na recolha e análise de fontes primárias e testemunhos de atores envolvidos. Os resultados mostram que essas experiências educativas se caracterizaram por sua flexibilidade, organicidade e variabilidade. As conclusões destacam a importância de considerar a dimensão local na educação e a necessidade de repensar os modelos educativos tradicionais. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão da história da educação e oferece perspectivas qualitativas para narrar a educação contemporânea
“Condições de deslocamento e prevenção do comportamento criminoso da juventude saharaui”: Displacement conditions and the prevention of delinquency among young Sahrawis
No full textIn November 1975, the tripartite agreement in which Spain divided the Western Sahara between Morocco and Mauritania forced more than 200,000 Saharawi inhabitants, persecuted by the Moroccan and Mauritanian armies, to abandon their homes and flee to the Algerian desert. The displaced Saharawis arrived in the Tindouf desert and formed the refugee camps. Under these conditions, rejection or abandonment of education begins to be observed at an early age; leaving more free time for children and adolescents, which favors the appearance of criminal behavior, which develops to form organized groups that can operate across the borders of countries where the law is not respected. To prevent the aggravation of this problem, it is urgent to act preventively, this motivates the present investigation carried out in the Tindouf refugee camps, of which an approach to the current state of the problem is presented in this article. Theoretical methods as a fundamental empirical method, the in-depth interview, applied to the professionals involved in the treatment of juvenile delinquency, allowed us to reach conclusions, obtaining that the condition of refuge has led to an increase in juvenile delinquency that It must be treated urgently through alternatives that combine prevention, education and employment.En noviembre de 1975, el acuerdo tripartito donde España divide el Sahara Occidental entre Marruecos y Mauritania, obliga a más de 200 mil habitantes saharauis a abandonar sus hogares y huir hacia el desierto de Argelia. Los saharauis desplazados llegaron al desierto de Tindouf y formaron los campamentos de refugiados. En estas condiciones, se observa rechazo o abandono de la educación a temprana edad; dejando mayor tiempo libre a niños y adolescentes, lo que favorece la aparición de conductas delictivas, que se desarrollan hasta formar grupos organizados que operan entre fronteras de países, la ley no es respetada. Para impedir el agravamiento de esta problemática, es urgente actuar de forma preventiva, ello motiva la investigación llevada a cabo en los campamentos de refugiados de Tindouf, de la cual en el presente artículo se presenta un acercamiento al estado actual de la problemática. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y como método empírico fundamental la entrevista en profundidad, aplicada a los profesionales implicados en el tratamiento a la delincuencia juvenil, obteniéndose que la condición de refugio ha propiciado un aumento de estas conductas, lo que debe ser tratado con urgencia a través de alternativas que conjuguen la prevención, la educación y el empleo.Em Novembro de 1975, o acordo tripartido onde a Espanha dividiu o Sahara Ocidental entre Marrocos e a Mauritânia forçou mais de 200.000 habitantes saharauis a abandonar as suas casas e a fugir para o deserto da Argélia. Os deslocados saharauis chegaram ao deserto de Tindouf e formaram campos de refugiados. Nessas condições, observa-se rejeição ou abandono da educação em idade precoce; deixando mais tempo livre para crianças e adolescentes, o que favorece o aparecimento de comportamentos criminosos, que se desenvolvem para formar grupos organizados que atuam além das fronteiras do país, a lei não é respeitada. Para evitar o agravamento deste problema é urgente agir preventivamente, o que motiva a investigação realizada nos campos de refugiados de Tindouf, da qual este artigo apresenta uma abordagem ao estado actual do problema. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e como método empírico fundamental a entrevista em profundidade, aplicada a profissionais envolvidos no tratamento da delinquência juvenil, obtendo-se que a condição de refúgio tem levado ao aumento destes comportamentos, que devem ser tratados urgentemente através de alternativas que combinem prevenção, educação e emprego
Лексико-грамматическая репрезентация адресации как жанрообразующий признак русского бытового романса
Full text linkIt has been determined that addressing is an important genre-forming feature of the Russian vernacular romance, and that there is a fairly wide range of methods of its linguistic representation which can be used by the speaker to indicate the addressee of the utterance, to address an imaginary interlocutor. These are grammatical – in particular morphological features (including nouns, adjectives, personal and possessive pronouns) and syntactic features (grammatical first person of verbs and personal pronouns, one-member sentences of a certain type, addresses, etc.) – as well as lexical (fixed definitions, various nominations, etc.), and textual means (expanded contexts).Thanks to the means of addressing chosen by the author, the addressee in the Russian romance becomes an extremely significant participant in the situation of dialogical personal interaction that is implicit in reality but explicit through linguistic means of addressing.The results of the study can be used to solve the current problem of defining the Russian romance as a genre, defining its genre features. For example, it was determined that an appeal to the subject of feelings is an obligatory romance genre feature forming its dialogicity, which is confirmed by the discovered and described variants of the grammatical representation of characters in texts related to the genre of the Russian vernacular romance.It was revealed that the frequency of using certain words can serve as an important speech-genre characteristic of the vernacular romance. Computer programs were used as a tool for creating a frequency word list, which allowed performing part-of-speech tagging, bringing grammatical forms of frequent words to the initial form and distributing lemmas by frequency of occurrence. A list of the most frequent lemmas as well as the quantities of these words in the texts of Russian vernacular romances are presented, with the indicators of addressing being at the top of the list.A frequency list of addresses used in Russian romances is also presented. The analysis showed that the address “милый друг” (“dear friend”) displays the “rhetorical ideal” in the romance text simultaneously reflecting the normative ethical ideas about the object of addressing which are determined by the impossibility of open, direct recognition of one’s feelings.A significant indicator of addressing in the Russian romance is the wide use of imperatives; various variants of their lexical and grammatical representation are considered.The genre-forming features of the Russian vernacular romance in terms of addressing are the fundamental orientation of the lyrical hero towards dialogicity, the possibility of implicit and explicit representation of the addressee, the significant absence of the addresser / addressee of the address (hidden addressing), as well as the fusion of the lyrical hero with the object of his or her affections.It has been determined that addressing is an important genre-forming feature of the Russian vernacular romance, and that there is a fairly wide range of methods of its linguistic representation which can be used by the speaker to indicate the addressee of the utterance, to address an imaginary interlocutor. These are grammatical – in particular morphological features (including nouns, adjectives, personal and possessive pronouns) and syntactic features (grammatical first person of verbs and personal pronouns, one-member sentences of a certain type, addresses, etc.) – as well as lexical (fixed definitions, various nominations, etc.), and textual means (expanded contexts).Thanks to the means of addressing chosen by the author, the addressee in the Russian romance becomes an extremely significant participant in the situation of dialogical personal interaction that is implicit in reality but explicit through linguistic means of addressing.The results of the study can be used to solve the current problem of defining the Russian romance as a genre, defining its genre features. For example, it was determined that an appeal to the subject of feelings is an obligatory romance genre feature forming its dialogicity, which is confirmed by the discovered and described variants of the grammatical representation of characters in texts related to the genre of the Russian vernacular romance.It was revealed that the frequency of using certain words can serve as an important speech-genre characteristic of the vernacular romance. Computer programs were used as a tool for creating a frequency word list, which allowed performing part-of-speech tagging, bringing grammatical forms of frequent words to the initial form and distributing lemmas by frequency of occurrence. A list of the most frequent lemmas as well as the quantities of these words in the texts of Russian vernacular romances are presented, with the indicators of addressing being at the top of the list.A frequency list of addresses used in Russian romances is also presented. The analysis showed that the address “милый друг” (“dear friend”) displays the “rhetorical ideal” in the romance text simultaneously reflecting the normative ethical ideas about the object of addressing which are determined by the impossibility of open, direct recognition of one’s feelings.A significant indicator of addressing in the Russian romance is the wide use of imperatives; various variants of their lexical and grammatical representation are considered.The genre-forming features of the Russian vernacular romance in terms of addressing are the fundamental orientation of the lyrical hero towards dialogicity, the possibility of implicit and explicit representation of the addressee, the significant absence of the addresser / addressee of the address (hidden addressing), as well as the fusion of the lyrical hero with the object of his or her affections.Определено, что адресация является важным жанрообразующим признаком русского бытового романса, что имеется достаточно широкий «спектр» способов ее языковой репрезентации, которые могут быть использованы говорящим для того, чтобы указать на адресата высказывания, обратиться к воображаемому собеседнику. Это и грамматические, в частности морфологические (имена существительные, имена прилагательные, личные и притяжательные местоимения) и синтаксические (грамматическое первое лицо глаголов и личных местоимений, односоставные предложения определенного типа, обращения и др.), а также лексические (устойчивые определения, различные номинации и т. д.) и текстовые средства (развернутые контексты).Благодаря выбранным автором средствам адресации адресат в романсе становится существенно значимым участником ситуации имплицитного в реальности, но эксплицированного языковыми средствами адресации диалогического личностного взаимодействия. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для решения актуальной проблемы определения романса как жанра, его жанровых признаков. Например, определено, что апелляция к предмету чувств является обязательным жанровыми признаком романса, формирующим его диалогичность, что подтверждается обнаруженными и описанными вариантами грамматического представления действующих лиц в текстах, относящихся к жанру бытового романса. Выявлено, что важной речежанровой характеристикой бытового романса может служить частота использования определенных слов. В качестве инструментария для создания частотного словника были использованы компьютерные программы, позволившие выполнить частеречную разметку, привести грамматические формы частотных слов к начальной форме, распределить леммы по частоте встречаемости. Представлен список самых частотных лемм с указанием количеств этих слов в текстах бытовых романсов; первые позиции в нем занимают показатели адресации. Представлен также частотный список использованных в романсах обращений. Анализ показал, что обращение «милый друг» отображает «риторический идеал» в романсном тексте, одновременно отражая нормативные этические представления об объекте адресации, детерминированные невозможностью открытого, прямого признания в своих чувствах.Существенный показатель адресации в романсе – широкое использование императивов; рассмотрены различные способы их лексико-грамматического представления. Жанрообразующими признаками русского романса в плане адресации являются принципиальная установка лирического героя на диалогичность, возможность имплицитной и эксплицитной репрезентации адресата, значимое отсутствие адресанта / адресата обращения (скрытая адресация), а также слияние лирического героя с объектом своего эмотивного переживания