Economics. Ecology. Socium (E-Journal) / Економіка. Екологія.Соціум
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The Evolution of the Theory of Innovation Ecosystems in the Context of Strategisation
Full text linkIntroduction. The theory of innovation occupies one of the leading positions within the modern paradigm of economic development, as innovation is recognised as a driver of productivity improvement and cost optimisation, microeconomic stability, and macroeconomic growth. The determinants of innovation theory have become more profound, forming a synthesis with theories of economic cycles, technological development, entrepreneurship, management, and decision-making. Consequently, the theory of innovation has evolved, and the study of this process provides an up-to-date view of the theoretical foundation of innovation ecosystems.
Aim and tasks. The aim is to systematise the stages of the evolution of the theory of innovation and strategic management and formalise the theoretical foundation of the modern theory of innovation ecosystems in the context of strategisation.
Results. A systematic study of the genesis and ontogenesis of the theory of innovation and anagenesis of the theory of innovation ecosystem in the context of strategisation led to the determination of the characteristics of aromorphosis. Genesis and ontogenesis include the growing complexity of the innovation ecosystem and its adaptability to the changing innovation ecosystem in the long term, the dynamism of the composition of the innovation ecosystem without changing its strategic goals, the need for a second level of adaptation of the strategy of an individual actor within the strategy of the innovation ecosystem and strategic role, and increasing the integration of actors of the innovation process into systemic business processes (planning, organisation, motivation, control). Actors’ joint development within the ecosystem on mutually beneficial terms and possibilities for the strategic expansion of the innovation ecosystem locally and globally were analysed. In addition, the externalities of the development and spread of innovative ecosystems are outlined, and their strategic orientations are formulated.
Conclusions. Due to anagenesis, an innovative ecosystem based on strategising improves adaptive resistance to changes in the external environment. Aromorphosis of an innovative ecosystem within anagenesis makes it possible to consider the properties of adaptation to the changing innovative ecotope as the basis of its theoretical foundation in the long term, the dynamism of the composition of the innovation ecosystem without changing its strategic goals, and the increasing integration of innovation process actors into systemic business processes
Conceptual Principles of Blue Growth in the Development of Natural Assets in Urban Parks of Ukraine
Full text linkIntroduction. For the coastal regions of Ukraine, the conceptual provisions and principles of the blue economy, which define the main approaches to the functioning of maritime industries in the context of sustainable development, have recently become particularly relevant. Harmonious development of coastal regions is impossible without considering the main components of nature management and their connection with the concept of blue growth. One of the important directions of natural use within the city, particularly on the seaside, is recreation in city parks and related activities of related sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study substantiates conceptual approaches and defines the role and place of city parks in the economy of nature use based on blue growth.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conceptual provisions of the use of natural resources of city parks as natural assets in order to form effective strategies of sustainable development, in particular, on the principles of blue growth of city parks in accordance with their condition and the degree of influence on the development of urban space and society.
Results. In the context of the study, the differences of such concepts as: “natural capital”, “natural resources”, “natural assets”, “ecosystem functions”, and “ecosystem services” are substantiated, which is revealed by taking into account the conceptual and systemic features according to the presence of the consumer and involvement in economic and social processes. Based on this, the essence of the natural resources of urban parks as assets was analysed and substantiated using the GE/McKinsey matrix. It was determined that different city parks are unequal in terms of availability of natural assets and their contribution to urban improvement and economic development. In the matrix analysis process, urban parks were typified according to the degree of involvement of their natural assets in economic and social processes, which allowed for the prediction of differences in risks that arise in the process of decision-making and organizational and economic measures regarding the functioning of parks.
Conclusions. Thus, based on the improvement of conceptual provisions regarding the use of the natural assets of city parks, a conceptual basis for the study was developed in the context of sustainable development, and the peculiarities of the understanding of city parks as natural assets were determined. Based on the matrix analysis results, the types of city parks were determined according to the quality of their resources and their importance (role) to the city, and the risks that arise in their functioning were substantiated. It has been proven that tasks and priorities regarding the development of city parks should be based on natural, economic, and social factors, and that their functional dependence on the effectiveness of decision-making is substantiated
Assessing Employee Perceptions of Information Technologies in Public Sector Digitalization
Full text linkIntroduction. The increasing role of digitalisation in the public sector is caused by the possibility of improving the quality of public services. However, the effective implementation of digitalisation in public organizations and its use is influenced by technological, organizational, environmental and human factors. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the perception of employees of government bodies and their perception of using information systems and technologies.
Aim and tasks. The goal is to study the resilience of public organisations and employee reactions in crises using information systems. The stated goal determined the survey of employees’ opinions on the effects of the implementation and use of information and communications technology (ICT) in terms of improving communication and coordination in the organisation, crisis response capabilities, and satisfaction with the use of the system.
Results. The study analysed the responses of representatives of various public administration and administrative management levels in Bulgaria, the results of which were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The survey involved 73 employees of public organisations holding various positions, which made it possible to assess the perceptions and impact of ICT use by employees. In the context of this study, it has been proven that information systems technology supports communication and coordination in public organisations. This affects the system’s perceived usefulness and the employees’ handling of unexpected changes (crises). Resolving crises using information and communication technologies affects employee satisfaction, which contributes to increasing organisational resilience.
Conclusions. This study examines the attitude of employees working in public administration toward the use of information and communication systems and the strengthening of the digitalisation process. Based on rank correlation analysis, research hypotheses were proven. It was found that there is a relationship between the use of ICT, improved organisational coordination and communication, crisis management and satisfaction of public sector employees with the use of ICT. The above factors affect organisational resilience and the ability to adapt in the context of digital transformation
Energy Marketing and Fiscal Regulation of a Competitive Energy Efficiency System
Full text linkIntroduction. Developing and implementing the principles of the energy-saving approach concept actualizes the need to define energy marketing tasks and fiscal regulation tools for energy conservation to increase the efficiency of using resources in the energy sector.
Aim and tasks. The aim of this study is to form and substantiate the expediency of implementing directions for energy marketing development and fiscal regulation of implementing energy-saving measures to achieve the goals of national economic recovery and large-scale energy modernization.
The results. The main tasks of energy marketing in monitoring the current world environment based on information and communication technologies have been defined and substantiated, and that should become a source of competitive advantage in the electric energy market and obtain significant income for market participants. It has been proven that using oligopoly models to determine the equilibrium condition of the electric energy market will make it possible to form a corrective managerial influence on the development of a competitive energy industry. With a 3-fold increase in the demand parameter, it has been established that the electricity market reaches equilibrium under the equilibrium model of supply functions with larger electricity production volumes and lower prices than in other models. It has been proposed to introduce tools for fiscal regulation by introducing energy-saving technologies into a single system of solutions to increase energy efficiency and energy saving.
Conclusions. Analysing and generalizing the features of energy market participants’ interaction using a wide range of oligopoly models made it possible to develop recommendations for implementing strategic security-related tasks. If these tasks are not realized, the risks of losing energy independence will increase, and the economic potential necessary for the restoration and further development of the national economy will continue to be lost based on the principles of sustainable development and a systematic approach to setting and achieving the goal of the national energy-saving policy. The feasibility of introducing tools for budget regulation is also justified, which will create a robust creative basis for implementing an effective strategy for managing the demand for energy resources
Impact of Job Satisfaction on the Labour Productivity of Healthcare Personnel
Full text linkIntroduction. The healthcare sector, a cornerstone of society and the economy, brings together specialists from various fields and departments. As healthcare organisations grapple with similar human resource management and policy development challenges as other types of organisations, research on increasing job satisfaction, a key indicator of effective management and employee attitudes, becomes increasingly relevant.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction among those employed in the healthcare sector, particularly in Georgia, and to underscore its profound impact on performance.
Results. Findings revealed that various factors affect job satisfaction and, consequently, the quality of service provided. Using the F test, it was found that there is a significant statistical relationship between education (0.01 level (p < 0.001, F = 9.992)), work experience (0.01 level (p < 0.001, F = 9.299)), age (0.01 level (P<0.001, F= 9.164)) and job satisfaction and quality of service. Also, the research results showed that 70% of the respondents believe job satisfaction enhances their performance. Specialized expertise, knowledge, and an appropriate strategy are required to manage these professionals. It is highly significant and essential for employees to have constant development opportunities, access to professional training, and work in a high-satisfaction environment.
Conclusions. That is critically important for improving performance in healthcare and any organization. However, it is worth mentioning this sector faces stress, high mental load, and burnout. In order to address these issues, organizations should have their own clear policy, properly distribute roles and resources, involve employees in processes from the start, and provide relevant information. Hinged on the previously conducted research, opportunities for personnel development and training are limited in Georgia, which in turn is leading to a shortage of qualified personnel and high staff turnover. The presented recommendations will help managers of organizations analyse the importance of job satisfaction in the growth of productivity and success of the organization and its constituent indicators and develop an appropriate strategy for their improvement in the future
Strategic Management of Sustainable Economic Development in Transport and Logistics Sector Companies
Full text linkIntroduction. The impact of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and military actions make the issue of business viability in Ukraine relevant. Modern reality requires new management approaches based on sustainable development strategies. Crisis phenomena have seriously affected local and global logistics, disrupted supply chains, and caused changes in the transport and logistics sectors. The slow development of transport technologies and intermodal transport has reduced Ukraine’s potential and negatively affected its competitiveness. Therefore, effective strategic management for the sustainable economic development of transport enterprises is vital for overall economic development.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to analyse and formulate strategies for the sustainable economic development of transport enterprises, including challenges and innovative solutions, such as digitalisation and the development of smart transport systems.
Results. Current trends in the development of domestic and international freight transportation, along with the restoration of capacity in Ukraine, confirm the prospects of the industry and its promising prospects even in wartime. The analysis of the operating profitability of Ukrainian transport companies in 2018-2022 showed a negative value (-1.6%), indicating losses in the industry. However, in 2019-2021, there was steady growth, and in 2021, profitability increased to 5.8%. However, according to 2023 calculations, Ukraine has the lowest logistics performance index among neighbouring countries (2.70), indicating severe problems in logistics management and international competitiveness. Because the development of digital technologies in the transport sector creates conditions for their direct use in all sectors of the economy, it is only possible to formulate strategic development directions by considering the need to develop digital transport tools. The main trends in the transport sector have proposed a methodology for forming and implementing a sustainable economic development strategy for transportation companies.
Conclusions. The concept of strategic preparation and management of sustainable economic development is the most common practical application of the theoretical foundations of regional companies and fulfils the monitored part of their transport policy. Strategic models focused on adapting to modern challenges have been proposed to ensure the development of transport and logistics companies. Transport companies operate under constant changes in business environments that require flexibility and a mandatory management approach
Branch Structure of the National Economy and Directions of its Optimization in the Post-War Period
Full text linkIntroduction. The war in Ukraine caused significant damage to the economy, but also provided many new opportunities, made adjustments to the paradigm of post-war economic development, in particular, in view of the need to rebuild industries and ensure the reliability of their operation in the future, the variability of logistics supply routes. The complexity of post-war reconstruction is aggravated by the fact that Ukraine must modernize the defense industry and, at the same time, reduce the country's budget deficit, which requires an increase in budget revenues. The radical changes necessary for this will require optimization of the sectoral structure of the country's economy.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to create a methodological approach to the sectoral optimization of the national economy in the post-war period and, for this, to develop a structural-mathematical model, determine priority areas of development of branches, and mechanisms of structural optimization of branch development.
Results. A methodological approach to sectoral optimization of the national economy in the post-war period was developed, in which a structural-mathematical model was implemented. To optimize the industry structure, the use of a "trigger" mechanism is proposed: when the stimulation of the development of individual projects in high-tech industries leads to the rapid development of adjacent sectors of the economy, The need for comprehensive use of intensive and extensive mechanisms of post-war economic restructuring is indicated due to the specifics of the development of industries, the significant industry differentiation of damages and losses, and the need for expenses for the transformation and restructuring of industries. A diversification approach with the selection of short-, medium-, and long-term industry strategies was proposed.
Conclusions. The developed mathematical model allows for the combination of sectoral optimization strategies of the economy and optimization coordination of sectoral strategies at the national level. An assessment of the costs of reconstruction and industry transformation was carried out, and the application of internal financing mechanisms, in particular, an increase in the level of added value, was substantiated. The mathematical model illustrates the possibility of maximizing the added value. Considering this, directions for industry optimization and prerequisites for restoration, reconstruction, and optimization of the industry structure in the post-war period are proposed. The given areas of industry-wide impact of the trigger mechanism indicate the prospects of its introduction
Economics and Morality Conflicts in the Public Goods Using
Full text linkIntroduction. The country’s economic prosperity depends on economic, political, and social factors. A crucial component of a successful country’s development is its culture, which accumulates moral and value guidelines for the individual’s behaviour. Strict observance of moral rules is considerable for public trust formation, which is the foundation for social development. The relevance of the study is caused by the contradictions between individual and collective interests in using public goods. Individual interest gravitates toward cost reduction and avoiding payment for public goods. Instead, the collective interest consists in the moral obligation of the individual to pay for public goods for the general and individual well-being.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to interpret the phenomena of the economic, social, and cultural factors of the free-riding problem of public goods.
Results. An attribute of public goods is their nonrivalrous nature (the use of the good does not reduce the amount of the good available to others) and non-excludable (non-payers can use the good on an equal basis with those who honestly paid). The free-ride problem of public goods cannot be reduced to market regulation, whereas all communities benefit from the resources, regardless of whether they have paid for them (taxes, transport fees) or not. Regression analysis shows no relationship between economic and moral factors, in particular, the ability to pay for a good (using public transport) does not reduce the number of people who want to get it free of charge (free ride). The cost of the service (the ticket price) also does not affect the willingness to pay or not to pay for public goods usage. Thus, it can be recognized that the economic factor is not critical in using public goods.
Conclusions. Simultaneously, the social factor of compliance with rules and trust is principal. The awareness that other participants also pay for public goods gives moral satisfaction to the individual and positively reinforces his conscience. Individuals’ consciousness and self-limitation form a cohesive community capable of development. Consequently, the social factor influences the individual's motivation and attitude toward the community's interests. Therefore, it can be assumed that the country’s economic growth depends on cultural and social norms regarding compliance with rules and trust, in addition to other factors
The Monitoring of the Livestock Product Market for the Formation of Food Security
Full text linkIntroduction. The imbalance of the livestock product market due to significant challenges, such as large-scale military actions, reduced purchasing power, and changes in citizens' diets, presents other threats to food security. The influx of threats leads not only to a significant differentiation in the balance of demand and supply for meat and meat products by regions and strata of the population but also to a significant dynamism of the entire livestock market. This determines the need for changes in the methodology for monitoring and evaluating dynamic changes in the parameters affecting the production and consumption of livestock products.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to establish the peculiarities of monitoring the livestock market under significant dynamic changes in the main parameters affecting production and consumption volumes. The objectives of this study were to establish integral trends in the production of the main types of livestock products and to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the balance of production and consumption of livestock products.
Results. A break in the trend of stability of the pig and poultry population in 2021 and the continuation of the long-term trend of reduction in the cattle population was established, as evidenced by changes in the number of animals from 2023 to 2021: for cattle, by 20%; for pigs, by 16%; and for poultry, by 11%. This indicates that significant short-term fluctuations in influencing factors cause the production and consumption forecasts to be irrelevant. The influence of threats determines the deformation of markets for the production and consumption of livestock. This necessitates assessing dynamic changes in parameters affecting the volume of production and consumption of livestock products and the prompt formation of forecasts.
Conclusions. The developed mathematical model for assessing the balance of production and consumption of livestock products allows for considering dynamic changes in the main parameters of influence, which ensures the relevance of forecasts. This will enable prompt implementation of measures to regulate food security
Assessment of China’s Macro-Readiness for Integrated Innovative Management Technologies Employment
Full text linkIntroduction. Economic entities should constantly apply various forms of innovation, including managerial and organizational innovations, to ensure the processes of developing and acquiring adaptive capacity. One of these innovations is integrated management technologies covering several interacting heterogeneous technological, economic, organizational, social, and psychological processes or several management functions.
Aim and tasks. The study aims to elaborate a procedure for assessing a country’s macro-readiness to apply integrated innovative management technologies and qualitatively characterise its level.
Results. An assessment of macro-readiness to apply integrated innovative management technologies was conducted using the case of China. In order to obtain a generalized evaluation of the country’s macro-readiness to apply integrated innovative management technologies, synthetic taxonomic indicators based on readiness components and a general synthetic indicator were generated. The synthetic human capital and research indicator changed from low (0.243) in 2016 to high (0.647) in 2020. The same trend is inherent in the synthetic indicator of ICT availability and use, which increased from 0.367 to 0.920, and in the synthetic indicator of institutional and business environment, which increased from 0.310 to 0.876. Although it has improved from 0.205 to 0.451, the synthetic indicators of financial resources and development have not yet reached a high level.
Conclusion. The suggested procedure for assessing macro-readiness to apply integrated innovative management technologies is based on constructing a synthetic indicator of readiness, combining the taxonomic indicators of human, digital, financial, and institutional readiness. This procedure, implying the determination of their qualitative levels, enables us to determine a country’s readiness to support business entities’ adoption of new management technologies. The assessment of China's readiness for applying integrated innovative management technologies using the developed approach revealed that the ICT component is the best developed, while the financial component is the most underdeveloped