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＜論文＞20 世紀初頭の日本における田園都市の経済思想 : フランスを参照例として
Get PDF本稿の目的は、20世紀初頭の日本における田園都市に関する言説を分析することによって、都市・住居の近代化を通じて実現しようとした理想の社会・経済の姿を明らかにすることである。方法論としては、個別の論者の思想を体系的に掘り下げるのではなく、大量観察法、すなわち、官民にわたる多くの田園都市構想を網羅的に収集・分析する方法を採用する。 まず、１）田園都市構想の担い手の多様性を確認し、２）田園都市が希求された当時の社会・経済状況を析出する。つぎに、３）田園都市のデザインを都市計画というマクロの側面と住居の特性というミクロの側面の両面から分析する。最終的に、4）上記の分析結果を公衆衛生、家族・道徳、不況・失業、コミュニティ・連帯の４つの論点で整理し、日本の田園都市構想を連帯思想と解釈できるという結論を導く。This paper aims to clarify the ideal society pursued through the modernization of cities and residences by analyzing the discourse in Japan on garden cities in the early 20th century. As a methodology, rather than taking up majors figures individually, we adopt the mass observation method, that is, a method of collecting and analyzing comprehensively many garden-city concepts that span the public and private sectors.First, we will confirm 1) the diversity of the leaders of the garden city movement, and 2) the socioeconomic conditions at the time when the garden city was introduced in Japan. Next, 3) we will analyze the design of a garden city from both the macro aspect of urban planning and the micro aspect of residential modernization. Finally, by organizing the results of the above analysis in four areas: public health, family and morality, recession and unemployment, and community and solidarity, we will draw the conclusion that the Japanese Garden City Thoughs can be interpreted as a solidarity thought as well as French ones
「フィールド言語学演習」ケチュア語紹介プロジェクト : ケチュア語に挑戦しよう
Get PDFThis article is adapted from an informal booklet titled Let’s Try Quechua, which was part of the joint final work of Fieldwork II, a course in linguistic field methods offered in Tokyo Woman’s Christian University in 2020. It is a four-lesson introduction to Ayacucho Quechua for Japanese-speaking students composed after the style of popular self-teaching books on foreign languages available in Japan; each lesson consists of a short dialogue, a grammatical guide, and a vocabulary list. We intend to complete the concept of the class by reproducing the material here, for one of the major topics of Fieldwork II was language documentation: a sustainable treatment of linguistic data
<論文＞世界的債務拡大 : どう評価すべきか
Get PDF世界の債務は、世界金融危機及びコロナ危機を経て、政府債務、企業債務が著しく拡大し、過去最大の水準に達した。債務が将来における返済を前提とした購買力の一時的移転であることを考えると、債務により賄われる支出の成長促進効果が重要である。他方、過去の債務不履行事例における債務水準のばらつきの大きさや高インフレによる債務の価値の棄損や市場アクセスの喪失など債務がもたらす困難の広範性を考えると、高債務がもたらしうる問題を回避するためには、債務の持続可能性を債務 /GDP比などの債務指標で見ていくだけでは十分でなく、当該国の過去の債務不履行、高インフレなどの履歴、国内成長率、米国金利、為替レートなど関連性のある幅広い内的・外的要因を慎重にモニターしていくことが不可欠であると思われる。The global debt has reached the historically highest level due to significant expansion of debt owed by the government and private non-financial corporations after the Global Financial Crisis and the Corona Crisis. Considering the fact that debt is a temporary transfer of purchasing power under the commitment to repay it in the future, it is important that the fund obtained by debt is used in a growth enhancing manner. At the same time, in light of the significant dispersion of the debt levels in the past default cases and the extensiveness of difficulties that debt accumulation may bring about, such as the reduction of real value of debt due to high inflation and loss of market access, it seems insufficient to solely watch debt sustainability by checking debt related indicators such as debt/GDP ratio. In order to avoid problems that may be caused by high debt, it is crucial to carefully monitor wide ranging domestic and external factors including the historical record of the country in question relating to such incidents as the past default and high inflation, domestic growth rate, US interest rate, foreign exchange rate and other indicators that seem to be relevant
