Tokyo Woman's Christian University Repository / 東京女子大学学術情報リポジトリ
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アダム・ギドウィッツ「悪魔の三本の金の髪の毛」(『暗くてグリムな物語』より)
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Language Classroom Anxiety: Reading Anxiety and Reading Performance of Japanese EFL Learners
本研究は、日本人英語学習者の教室内不安、英文読解に対する不安そして英文読解の理解度についての関係性を調査し、さらに因子分析で外国語教室内不安尺度と外国語読解不安尺度から抽出されたものをまとめたものである。「英文読解への不安と英文読解の理解度」に関して先行研究では、Wu(2011)は外国語不安と外国語読解不安との間の重要な相関関係を示し、両方の不安度が低い学習者ほど英文読解テストで高い得点を得ることができることを指摘した。しかし、二つの不安尺度と英文読解能力との関係性はなかったと主張している。また、Zhao, Dynia, and Guo(2013)では中国語を第二言語として学習しているアメリカの学習者を対象に外国語読解不安と英文読解能力の関係性を調査した。その結果、初級クラスⅠと中級クラスからはその関係性を発見できたが、初級クラスⅡのみ重要な相関関係は見られなかった。外国語不安と外国語読解不安の関係性に関しては、Wu(2011)と同じく第二言語不安を感じやすい人ほど第二言語読解不安を経験しやすいといった重要性を示した。本研究では、東京女子大学のReading Ⅰを履修している94人の大学一年生を対象にアンケート調査と20分間の選択式の英文読解テストを実施した。分析した結果、3つの結果が示された。1つ目は外国語不安度が高い学習者は英文読解に対する不安度も高いことがわかった。2つ目は英文読解能力、外国語不安そして外国語読解不安との間に重要な関係性は見つからなかったことである。3つ目は因子分析により、外国語不安尺度からは3因子が見つかり、それぞれを「英語の授業やテストに対する不安」「英語を話すことへの肯定的な感情」そして「英語の授業への否定的な感情」と名付けた。また、外国語読解不安尺度からは2因子が抽出され、「英文読解への自信と楽しさ」と「読んだ英文の内容を忘れることへの不安」と名付けた
役割語の日英対照:ディズニー映画とジブリ映画における「女性語」を中心に
The aim of this paper is to contrast stereotypical utterances (“yakuwari-go”) of characters in Japanese and American animated films. It focuses on so-called women’s language and its frequency in Disney movies which feature princesses and Ghibli movies whose main characters are girls. It attempts to answer three questions. (1) What are the differences between the stereotypical utterances in Disney and Studio Ghibli movies? (2) What historical changes are there in the frequency of use of women’s language? (3) What can be said about these changes, considering the fact that stereotypical utterances reflect social stereotypes? To answer the first question, linguistic features of the words used by the characters in the Disney movies and Ghibli movies were examined. To answer the second question, the frequencies of occurrence of women’s language in heroines’ utterances were found, and to answer the third question, the historical changes in the use of women’s language in the movies are examined against the social background of the U. S. A. and Japan. The results show that Disney movies make use of differences between General American and British pronunciation, as well as very colloquial or non-standard forms (such as -in’ for -ing) and slang to distinguish characters. On the other hand, Japanese stereotypical utterances mainly employ different personal pronouns, and characteristic sentence endings. The frequency of women’s language used by the heroines dropped sharply after 1989 in Disney movies and after 1997 in Ghibli movies. The use of women’s language in the movies suggests that changes in the stereotypical image of women started earlier in Disney movies than in Ghibli movies
モダニスト・ヨーロッパにおける日本のモダニズムの文化史:1910~20年、郡虎彦を中心に
This paper takes as its starting point lines from the “Restored Edition” of Ernest Hemingway’s Moveable Feast, in which Hemingway makes honorific reference to the “wonderful looking Japanese noblemen . . . who were friends” of the modernist poet Ezra Pound. The paper identifies the Japanese painters and others Hemingway would have had in mind, and focuses in particular on three young Japanese artists whom Pound befriended in London in 1915, the dancer Michio Itō, the painter Tamijūrō Kume, and the novelist Torahiko Kōri, whose influence on Pound, W. B. Yeats, and by extension, arguably, Hemingway, has in European scholarship been either misrepresented (Itō), underrepresented (Kume), or scarcely represented at all (Kōri). The paper draws upon copious scholarship in Japanese that has not before found its way to a European language, and will offer the first chronology of Pound and Yeats’s meetings with Itō, Kume, and Kōri, reconstruction of the nature of their meetings, and contextualization of their position amongst other better-known sources of what must be considered amongst the most fertile cross-linguistic and trans-conceptual literary transmissions of the modernist period