Tokyo Woman's Christian University Repository / 東京女子大学学術情報リポジトリ
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親鸞の表記法：『唯信抄』と『明義進行集』の比較を通して
Get PDFThis paper is an investigation of Shinran’s writing style in his copy of Yuishinsho. During the Kamakura era, in which the Japanese language progressively changed, the Buddhist priest Shinran established his own writing style.The original Yuisinshou was written by the Buddhist priest Seikaku, however, the text has not yet been discovered, and nowadays it is only possible to read Yuisinsho through a complete copy made by Shinran or a partial copy (Myogishingyo-shu) made by another Buddhist priest, Shinzui, which has ever hardly been studied.This paper appears to be almost the first to investigate the original text of Yuisinsho through a comparison of Shinran’s and Shinzui’s copies. A comparison of the content of the two texts shows that there are no clear difference between them, which may indicate that the two priests worked from the same original text. At the same time, there are so many differences in the vocabulary, phonology, forms of idioms, and Japanese and Chinese styles that seem to indicate that they may have worked from different texts.Shinran’s writing style is different from that of Shinzui. In the copy made by the younger priest, Shinzui, there is no evidence that he was influenced by Shinran, and it appears that Shinzui did not refer to Shinran’s copy.Shinran’s colophon leads us to believe that he copied the Seikaku’s original text using his own writing style. The identity of the text that Shinzui copied from is unresolved and needs to be investigated through an analysis of its linguistic features.鎌倉時代の仏教者親鸞はその表記法に独自なものを見せている。言語変化が激しい時期に、自己の言語規範を確立した言語活動を送っている。そこで用いられた表記法を他者と比較すると、信瑞の表記は大きく異なる結果となった。この相違を論じて、原本に迫る方法は『唯信抄』研究では殆ど行われて来なかった。転写本の親鸞本と信瑞本とを比較した結果、二本に大きな異文は見られなかった。これから二本の依拠本が同一のものを思わせる。しかし言語の語彙、音韻、熟語の形式、和文体と漢文体の相違が多々見られ、その異同箇所は二本が依拠した本が別本であることを思わせた。又、親鸞の表記法は信瑞本には見られず、親鸞の表記法の影響が見られない。信瑞は親鸞写本は見ていないと思われる。二人それぞれが見た依拠本は何であったか。親鸞は奥書から著者聖覚本を見て転写したと考えるのが自然である。但しその表記は親鸞の表記で書き替えている。信瑞が引用した本は、著者聖覚本か別本かは言語の表記を指標とした作業では判断を保留せざるを得ない
「越後文書宝翰集」の表記について：色部氏文書・三浦和田氏文書を中心として
Get PDFEchigo-Monjo-Hokanshu (historical documents of the Echigo region) are the ancient writings of Buke (samurai families) in the Chuetsu and the Kaetsu regions of Niigata between the Kamakura and Sengoku Periods. This study examines the Japanese used in the Echigo region in the middle ages as seen in historical documents written by Irobe and Miurawada in Echigo-Monjo-Hokanshu.The results indicated that:1. there are features of Niigata dialect in Echigo-Monjo-Hokanshu.2. many of the non-euphonic change forms in the adjectives used in the documents are different from those in the present-day Niigata dialect.3. there are examples of the use of the wrong kana, called historical kana orthography, and incorrect conjugations in the texts.4. the written character indicating geminate consonants is always ん(n)，with only one exception, in which the new written form つ(tsu) is used.本稿では鎌倉時代から戦国時代にかけて、越後の中越・下越地方で活躍した武家の文書集成である「越後文書宝翰集」の色部氏文書、三浦和田氏文書の言語記述を通して、中世の越後地方の言語の実態について明らかにしていく。その結果以下のことが明らかとなった。1. 現在の新潟方言に見られる特徴が中世の「越後文書宝翰集」にも拾うことができる。2. 色部氏文書、三浦和田氏文書では、形容詞の非ウ音便が主に用いられており、現在の新潟方言の特徴とは異なる結果である。3. 歴史的仮名遣いの乱れや、活用の乱れが散見される。4. 促音の表記は「ん」表記が主で、新しい表記である「つ」は一例のみである
「感性」の上演劇と変容する生成期の近代美学：ジャン＝ジャック・ルソーのメロドラム『ピュグマリオン』を巡る一視座（2）
Get PDFThis final part of our study, the earlier part of which was published in the most recent issue of our Bulletin（vol. LXVI（n. 2）, 2016）, focuses on the important role played by tactility in the theatrical representation of Rousseau’s famous mélodorame Pygmalion.In fact, developing and integrating the autobiographic problems since his first published drame Narcisse, Rousseau revitalizes in his melodrama the tactility of Ovid’s text, already emphasized partially by Jean de Meun （the second part of the Roman de la Rose） contrary to the illusory visibility concerning the story of Narcisse. Firstly it is important to note the context of Rousseau’s musical practice and thought: the author not only introduces a new music-dramatic form mélodrame or scène lyrique but rather opposes, in a sense, the creative and repetitive tactility of its personae precisely with the marvelous and spectacular visibility of the contemporary baroque opera of France. However, more crucial, in concert with his Émile and the Essai sur l’origine des langues, this critical position extends to the serious questioning of contemporary aesthetics in general: this aesthetics, still linked with the classical Poetics of vraisemblance that has been elaborated since the 17th century, is based at the same time on the ideal of static artwork and on the pictorial visibility as a totality to be grasped clearly and simultaneously. In other words, Rousseau’s Pygmalion certainly begins to redirect the newborn modern aesthetics from its classical ideal, presenting the statue Galathée as artwork in progressing （even after its animation） and underlining the repetitive tactility of the creative acts as well as loving ones. In this light, this melodrama anticipates already the new aesthetics of tactility of Herder in Germany.本研究はこの最終部で、既に本紀要に発表した前半部（第六六巻（二号）、二〇一六年）を受けた上で、ルソーのメロドラム『ピュグマリオン』の演劇性における触覚性を巡る分析を集中的に行う。実際、ルソーは、自身の初めて公開された劇作『ナルシス』以来の自伝的問題圏を発展的に組み込みつつ、オウィディウス原典に潜在する触覚性を再活性化する（ピュグマリオンの触覚性は既に部分的ながらも『薔薇物語』第二部のジャン・ド・マンによってナルシスの錯覚的視覚性と対比されつつ改めて強調されていた）。まずはそのルソーの音楽実践・思想上の文脈が重要となる。ルソーはこの音楽劇実践で単に「メロドラム」又は「セーヌ・リリック」という新たな音楽劇形式を導入しただけではない。むしろ登場人物達の創造的で反復的な触覚性を同時代のフランス・バロック・オペラの驚異的でスペクタクル的な視覚性にある意味で対立させる。しかしより枢要なのは、この批判的立場が同時代の美学全体の問題化にまで及んでいることである。この美学は、ルソーの同時期の著作『エミール』や『言語起源論』とも歩調を合わせつつ、十七世紀以来練り上げられてきた「真実らしさ（vraisemblance）」に基づく古典主義的詩学の強い影響のもと、静態的作品という理想と、明晰・全体瞬時に把握されるべき全体性としての絵画的視覚性に基礎付けられるからである。つまり、彫像ガラテを（生命化後さえ）生成する作品として提示することで、そして愛する行為であり創造行為の反復的触覚性を強調することで、ルソーの『ピュグマリオン』は古典主義的理想との決別をこの誕生期の近代美学に求めていると言って良い。この意味で、確かにこの音楽劇は直後のドイツにおけるヘルダーによる触覚の美学を既に予告するのである
Real Language, Vivid Sensation: Unearthing Romanticism Through Wordsworth’s Poetry
Get PDFThis paper discusses how the poetic verse of William Wordsworth was taught to Japanese university cultural studies students in order to explicate some of the key ideas underpinning Romanticism. Such poetry was chosen because of its central importance to the Romantic period and could thus be employed as an authentic socio-historical pedagogic device. This paper also explores, however, how Wordsworth’s verse, if scaffolded appropriately, contains universal themes which are both thematically and lexically of qualitative worth for modern Japanese students. The study therefore explains how cultural studies students were taught poetic functions such as metaphor, simile, rhyme and sonnet structure and were then introduced to Wordsworth’s poetry in tandem with visual imagery such as the naturalistic landscape pictures of the romantic painter J.M.W. Turner. In pursuing this approach it was felt that students would begin to perceive how grasping ostensibly challenging poetical language can aid a much deeper cultural understanding of the ways in which English has been, and indeed can be, creatively and imaginatively employed. It was also hoped that such an approach would help explicate students’ understanding of Romanticism as an epistemological discourse and, because such texts contained specific historically socio-cultural themes （such as Romantic poets’ opposition to the Industrial Revolution）, would thus allow students to connect these themes with their own lives and contemporary interests
大学生の適応に関わる諸変数に及ぼす 顕在的・潜在的自尊心の影響の検討：日韓比較を通じて
Get PDFRecently, suicide has become a serious social problem in Korea. In the present research, the author examined the possibility of taking a psychological approach that considers the aspects of explicit self-esteem and implicit self-esteem, and how their interaction affects negative emotions relevant to suicidal ideation. This paper focused on the discrepancy between explicit self-esteem and implicit self-esteem, using the Name Letter Task (NLT; Nuttin, 1985) with 86 Japanese undergraduate students and 211 Korean undergraduate students. Participants answered the NLT and a series of selfreport scales; including self-esteem, depression, and loneliness. The scores of self-report scales differed between the two countries; Korean students reported higher explicit selfesteem and lower depression and loneliness. However, no significant difference was found in implicit self-esteem (i.e., NLT score) between Japanese and Korean students. Among the Japanese students, consistent with suggestions from previous research (e.g., Jordan, Spencer, Zanna, Hoshino-Browne, & Correll, 2003), high explicit self-esteem but low implicit self-esteem (named “defensive/fragile high self-esteem”) holders reported higher levels of depression than participants who had both high explicit and implicit selfesteem (named “secure high self-esteem”). Among the Korean students on the other hand, participants who had both low explicit and implicit self-esteem reported higher levels of depression than participants who had low explicit and high implicit self-esteem. For future directions, the possibility of intervention to improve not only explicit selfesteem but also implicit self-esteem was discussed
オルタナティブな婚姻の制度的包摂：別氏婚・同姓婚をめぐる公共的理性
Get PDF多様で，ときに対立する価値観や世界観をもつ人々が共に戴くことができ，自由な共生の媒介となりうる公正な制度のあり方を，私たちはどのようにして探求できるだろうか．ジョン・ロールズの政治的リベラリズムの中心概念である公共的理性は，この問いへの有力な回答である．公共的理性は，社会の基本的諸制度のあり方をめぐる議論が市民にとっての公共的価値の観点からなされることを求める．このような観点から支持すべきものとして人々が支持しうる制度が，真に公共性を備えた制度だと考えるのである．本稿は，ロールズによる公共的理性への呼びかけに応じる試みの一環として，基本的社会制度のなかで重要な位置を占める家族制度，なかでも婚姻制度に焦点を当て，オルタナティブな婚姻形態の制度的包摂にかんする公共的理性を提案する．具体的な考察対象は別氏婚および同性婚である．近年提案されてきたこれらオルタナティブにかんしては従来からさまざまな擁護論が展開されてきたが，公共的理性の観点からとらえた場合には，問題が少なくない．本稿は，人格的ケア関係および次世代の適切な育成という二つの公共的価値の観点から各オルタナティブがもつ意味を改めて検討し，公共的理性が婚姻制度へのそれぞれの包摂を支持するかどうかを検討する．結論は肯定的である．In a liberal political society where individuals adhere to diverse and incompatible worldviews, how is it possible to find a just institutional arrangement that can be sincerely supported by all as a mode of living together? Public reason, a central ideal of John Rawls’ political liberalism, points to a promising approach. Public reason demands that our arguments about society’s basic institutional structure be based on public political values that rest on the perspectives of free and equal citizens. This paper is a response to his call and presents a public reason argument for the institutional inclusion of alternative marriage forms. The institution of family is an important part of society’s basic structure, and marriage is at its core.This paper focuses on two alternatives, separate-surname marriage and same-sex marriage. Separate-surname marriage has been a controversial issue in Japan, a country that continues to require married couples to use a common surname, while same-sex marriage has recently emerged as a political agenda. Although numerous arguments for the institutional inclusion of alternative forms of marriage have been developed, most are not based on the use of public reason in a pluralistic liberal society. This paper reexamines eachof the above alternatives based on two public political values; the value of personal caregiving relationships and the value of orderly reproduction, to see whether public reason can support their inclusion as social institutions. The concluding section responds to possible criticisms of this approach and defends the ideal of public reason in a broader context
