Tokyo Woman's Christian University Repository / 東京女子大学学術情報リポジトリ
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近代性の比較研究への社会システム理論的アプローチ
Get PDFThis paper aims to explore a sociological perspective for the contemporary world. Among others, this paper focuses on the comparative study of modernity. Although modernity is one of the most crucial concepts in sociology, it has not been well defined both inside and outside sociology. Therefore, this paper questions how the comparative study of modernity is possible through sociological theory. Out of all sociological theories, this paper takes a perspective from systems theory because it can provide us with an effective analytical tool to see things differently. Then the concept of modernity can be reinterpreted as follows:First, according to Niklas Luhmann, society is redescribed as a single social system consisting of communication. This alternative definition of society enables us to grasp modernity as plural. It is the starting point to distinguish between modernity and modernization. Second, in systems theory, rationality is understood as falling under the term“system rationality.”Here,“system rationality”is reinterpreted as the improvement of the cognitive capacity of social systems. Finally, by asking what kind of cognitive schema enables society to improve the cognitive ability of social systems, we can compare modernities as multiple.In conclusion, sociological systems theory can offer a way to observe the variety of modernities by the newly defined concept of “system rationality.
小学校での英語教育に関する研究 : 東アジア諸国の事例と比較して
Get PDFThis paper focuses on English teaching in elementary schools in East Asian countries, especially comparing that of South Korea and Japan, by analyzing the current situation and considering the future directions.South Korea started English teaching in elementary schools 14 years earlier than Japan. The results of the analysis showed that the current educational goals are the same in terms of fostering basic communication skills and promoting cross-cultural understanding. The instructors are mainly homeroom teachers in both countries, but there are also teachers who specialize in English. The percentage of teachers who specialize in English is about 30% in South Korea and about 10% in Japan. Regarding teacher training, the universities in South Korea offer a considerable number of subjects related to English teaching in elementary schools, which can be used as a reference for teacher training when Japan needs to increase the number of specialized teachers in the future.Furthermore, a survey on the attitudes of children in the two countries was conducted and the results were compared to that of the same survey conducted 20 years earlier (Maeda, 2001). In the current survey, the item that showed a similar trend between Japan and South Korea was “positive attitude toward English,” while the items that showed a difference were “enjoyment of the class,” “difficulty of the class,” and “usefulness of learning English.” The differences between the old and new surveys were that the percentage of children who found the classes difficult increased in both Japan and South Korea, and the percentage of Japanese children who answered that they disliked English also increased
始業講演 自己を知ること／他者を理解すること
Get PDF本稿は東京女子大学2022年度始業講演の内容をまとめたものである。「自己を知ること」と「他者を理解すること」について、認識論と存在論という補助線を引きながら哲学的に考えることによって、認識論的には、必ずしも自己認識は明確かつ確実で、他者理解は不明確かつ不確実とは言えないこと、存在論的には、自己と他者とは、共通の世界に関わりつつ、ある程度共通の意味を共有し、明確に認識することはできなくても、互いにある程度は理解しあっている存在の仕方をしていることが明らかにされる。そして最後に、背景の異なる他者を理解することで、自己自身をより深く知ることになり、また自己自身をより深く知ることが、他者をさらにより深く理解することにも繋がることが示される
