Pelita Perkebunan (Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal, CCRJ)
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Serum lipid profiles of ovariectomized rats following short-term administration of cocoa powder and ethanolic extract.
Get PDFEstrogen depletion increases the risk of dyslipidemia by triggering higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) besides depressed level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). This study was conducted to investigate the potential of cocoa products to affect serum lipid profile in the estrogen-deficient rats. Thirty adult female wistar rats were divided into five groups i.e. four groups contained ovariectomized rats, and one group consisted of intact rats. The test articles were all dissolved in olive oil and administered orally, comprising of 1 g/kg body weight (BW) cocoa powder, 1 g/kg BW cocoa extract, 1 mg/kg BW estradiol valerate, 10 ml/kg BW olive oil as carrier. Intact group was given drinking water. After three-day administration, the rats were terminated and serum lipid profile was observed. The trial obtained ethical approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee, Veterinary Faculty, Airlangga University (Certificate No. 620-KE). The result showed that carrier group developed higher LDL and lower HDL levels, as well as greater LDL/HDL ratio compared to that of intact group. Estradiol valerate group had significantly elevated TG level. Cocoa powder and cocoa extract groups showed small and non-significant changes in TC, TG and HDL. Surprisingly, consumption of cocoa extract that is rich in polyphenols had resulted highest mean of LDL levels among other groups. It was hypothesized that polyphenol in cocoa extract had affected expression of LDL receptors (LDLR) due to an antagonistic activity against estrogen receptor alpha (ERá). To conclude, neither cocoa powder nor cocoa extract exhibits significant estrogenic effect on the serum lipid profile of estrogen-deficient rats
Sensory Attributes of Cold Brew Coffee Products at Various Resting Time After Roasting Process
Get PDFThe quality of the brewed coffee depends on various factors. Resting time of roasted coffee beans is one of the processes that can affect the sensory charac- teristics of coffee brew. During resting the reduction of CO2 gas level may change and give significan effect on sensory quality of coffee. This study aims to determine the dominant sensory characteristics that can be used as quality parameters of cold brew coffee products at various resting times after roasting. The cold brew coffee product was brewed from roasted Arabica coffee beans with various resting time (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days). Projective Mapping (Napping) sensory analysis method was used in this study. The samples were tested by 75 untrained panelists (naive panelists). Multiple Factor Analysis was used to obtain the cold brew coffee sample position configuration. The results of the analysis showed that panelists were able to differen- tiate the characteristic of sensory attributes each sample. The aroma and flavor are the main attributes that can differentiate the characteristics of each sample. From the napping method, the results obtained in the form of individual factor map and preference mapping showed that the sample resting time 1 and 3 days after roasting were assessed by the panelists as closest to the control sample (0 days). In summary, the resting time treatment of roasted coffee beans have a significant effect on the sensory characteristics of cold brew coffee products. This is proofed by changes of aroma, flavor, and aftertaste during certain period of resting time
Is it More Profitable to Sell Ground Coffee? Differential Cost Analysis of Robusta Coffee Farms in Tanggamus District
Get PDFRobusta coffee is a superior commodity from Tanggamus District which has promising market opportunities.The research was conducted in one of the Robusta coffee centers in Tanggamus District, in Argopeni and Datarajan village, Sumberejo and Ulubelu sub-district. The purposes of this research were (1) to determine the income and profits of grade 4 coffee farmers in Robusta coffee plantations in Tanggamus Regency, (2) to find out the best decision for farmers in continuing process of grade 4 coffee into ground coffee. The sampling tech- nique of this research used purposive from 68 coffee farmers. The techniques of data collection were structured interviews using questionnaires and direct obser- vation. Farm business analysis was used to determine the income and profits of coffee bean farmers, differential analysis was used for the best decision to sell coffee beans or to process them into ground coffee. The results of the study showed that coffee farm bussiness of the grade 4 coffee coffee beans earned Rp24,532,081/ year and earned a profit of Rp10,503,837/1.390 kg/year farmers are better if they continue the production process from the grade 4 coffee into ground coffee. The further processing of ground coffee earned profit of Rp33,002,568/year
Coffee Marketing Mechanism: Social Relations Between Farmers, Collectors, Certification Cooperatives, and Exporters in Aceh, Indonesia
Get PDFSeveral factors can influence the process of pricing mechanisms, namely competition between market participants, regulation, product quality, and consumer preferences. This is a challenge for Gayo Arabica coffee farmers, where coffee is the main commodity in Central Aceh Regency. This paper aimed to determine the social relations that occur between social actors (farmers, collectors, certification cooperatives and exporters) in the coffee marketing mechanism. This paper used a qualitative research method with a survey approach by conducting interviews with farmers, collectors, certification cooperatives and exporters. The results showed that the marketing of Gayo Arabica coffee involved several layers of actors. The coffee product marketing system can be done through two facilities, namely through export sales and domestic sales. There are differences in the income of coffee farmers in marketing coffee abroad or in the country where farmers benefit more from selling coffee products for exports. Relationship among actors are interdependent and bound. Farmers need collectors as tool providers and coffee price informans. Farmers follow cooperative certificates to get fair and more profitable prices
Rootstock Characteristics of Three Combinations of Theobroma cacao L. Crosses on Different Water Availability
Get PDFClimate change is universal phenomena which is importantly anticipated including cocoa plantation. Drought tolerance cocoa seedling is urgently neededto develop cocoa plantation. This paper studied possible drought tolerance of cocoa seedling through crossing between female parent KKM 22 with three maleparents BAL 209, KW 641, and KW 614. Progeny test was conducted in green house based on four water availability conditions: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Root condition was recorded as rootstock parameters of three crossings. Result showed that root characteristics varied among crossing samples studied. The longestand hight volume root were recorded from KKM 22 x BAL 209 crossing. Seedling of KKM 22 x BAL 209 crossing tended to have long and wide root, while seedling of KKM 22 x KW 641 crossing tended to have a wide root type and seedling of KKM 22 x KW 614 tended to have a long root type. Based on drought tolerancy, seedling of KKM 22 x KW 641 crossing could be classified as drought tolerance while other two group progenies could be classified as susceptible to drought.To conclude, seedling of KKM 22 x KW 641 can be recommended for cocoa plantation in drought area
Study on Coffee Marketing and Farmer Organization in Pasuruan District
Get PDFComplexity of coffee supply chain system encourages business actors to optimize supply chain management as an effort to increase market transparencyamong them. Consolidating in farmer organization was required to strengthen bargaining position of farmer for facing the complexity of supply chain system.The aim of this research was to analyze supply chain and marketing margin on coffee marketing; and to analyze the characteristics of coffee farmer organization.This research was conducted in Pasuruan district as one of coffee producing area in East Java. Number of respondents were 18 that consisted of 16 farmersand 2 extension officers. The respondent was determined by snowball sampling method. The data was considered a primary data and secondary data was usedas supporting data. Data were analyzed by using descriptive method and marketing margin analysis. The result showed that coffee marketing chain in Pasuruan district would lead to a relatively long and complex which was dominated by collectors. The highest profit of Arabica coffee marketing received by collectors was gained by selling green beans. On the Robusta coffee marketing, the highest profit was derived by selling fresh cherries. Farmer organizations could not be able to improve their bargaining position and market access as a result of weakness on the role and function of them
Biological Control of Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell) Using Egg Parasitoids of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata in East Java
Get PDFA study on the potential of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata (Tbf) parasitization in the field was conducted at an insecticide-free cocoa cultivation namely Treblasala Plantation, Banyuwangi, East Java. The research design used was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The tested treat-ments consisted of parasitoid release intervals (once in 2 and 4 weeks) and the release population of 0 (control); 25,000 and 50,000 Tbfper hectare per release. Observations were made on number of detected eggs and parasitized eggs, and level of cocoa damage caused by cocoa pod borer (CPB) attacks. The results of this research showed that parasitization level of T. bactrae fumata on CPB eggs after3 months of the release ranged from 29.81–42.79%. The parasitoid release of CPB eggs (T. bactrae fumata) in the field for a year showed that the parasitiza-tion level of CPB eggs in the field ranged from 17.78–29.72%. Nevertheless, during that year, there was no significant effect of parasitoid release on the suppression of yield loss due to CPB attacks in the field
Determining Optimum Point of Robusta Coffee Bean Roasting Process for Taste Consistency
Get PDFRoasting is an important coffee bean processing that affect quality and flavor consistency. Roasting parameters are summarized in the roasting profile which describe density, water content, pH, yield, taste, time and temperature as well as roasting technique of the beans. Roasting profile which is important for roaster master varies according to coffee bean types, such as Arabica and Robusta collected from specific area. Therefore, this paper studiedthe process of roasting Robusta coffee beans collected from Sumber Asin, Malang with normal roast technique using roaster machine in order to get taste consistency with determining optimum point from these parameters. During roasting process, temperature changes were recorded every two minutes for 20 minutes after temperature reached 180 OC. Density, moisture content, yield, pH, and flavor were assessed after roasting. The normal roasting technique required optimum roasting time of 9-10 minutes at 180 ± 5 OC, density value of 0.49 ± 0.04 gram/ml, water content of 3.5 ± 1.3%, losses 9.7 ± 1.9%, pH 5.3 ± 0.2, with chocolaty, spicy, and thick body flavors. There was strong correlation between Robusta roasting profile with all parameters measured. The optimal Robusta roasting time could be determined from intersec-tion line between temperature and density in the roasting profile. Robusta optimum roasting time is about 10 minutes. The roaster master could use optimum roasting time in accordance to roasting quality
Liberation of Protein and Antioxidative Compound from Spent Coffee Ground Through Protein Hydrolysis
Get PDFSpent coffee ground is a primary by-product obtained during soluble coffee processing and potential to be used as a high value product due to its proteincontent. The quite popular effort to utilize protein-contained material is to process it to hydrolysate which also possess antioxidant activity. This research was aimed to study the possibility of protein and antioxidative compound from spent coffee ground by means of enzymatic hydrolysis using crude papain enzymes. Crude papain was used in different concentration ranged from 2, 4 and 6% to incubate the spent coffee grounds for 2, 3, and 4 hours and then analyzed for its protein content and its antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology was employed to study the tendency of the effect of incubation time and enzymesconcentration towards hydrolysis results. The result showed that the use of crude papain was effective to liberate the protein and antioxidant compound from the spent coffee ground with its optimum condition utilized 6% of enzyme and 2 hours incubation time. At mentioned condition, it could extract up to 67.4% ofthe protein of the spent coffee ground and its hydrolysate possessed relatively high antioxidant activity.  
How the policy environment influences value chain linkages: a comparative study of cocoa and pineapple in Ghana
Get PDFThis paper takes its point of departure from the school of thought that linkages in agricultural commodity value chains may hold the key to making actors in the chain innovative. Ghana's agricultural export sector is characterized by two main types of export: traditional and non-traditional. The traditional agricultural export sector is driven largely by the cocoa industry, while the pineapple industry represents one of the leading commodity industries in the non-traditional export sector. Using a multiple case study methodology, the paper seeks to examine how the policy environment could strengthen value chain linkages and make activities in the value chains more competitive. The study was derived from interactions with actors in the cocoa and pineapple value chains, namely input suppliers, producers, buyers, processors and some support services providers and regulatory agencies. The intention was to assemble their perceptions as interpreted in their own settings. The study showed how the existing policy on research, extension and marketing had encouraged better linkages horizontally and vertically among actors in the pineapple value chain. On the other hand, the policy underpinned by a public sector leadership in the cocoa value chain, had lowered the motivation for stronger linkages in the cocoa value chain. In terms of policy implication, the study makes a strong case for more participation of private sector actors as it is more likely to expand the platform for more interactive learning among actors for their mutual benefit