Universidade Luterana do Brasil: Periódicos ULBRA
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Non-Classical Approaches to Logic and Quantification as a Means for Analysis of Classroom Argumentation and Proof in Mathematics Education Research
Get PDFBackground: While it is usually taken for granted that logic taught in the mathematics classroom should consist of elements of classical propositional or first-order predicate logic, the situation may differ when referring to students’ discursive productions. Objectives: The paper aims to highlight how classical logic cannot grasp some epistemic aspects, such as evolution over time, uncertainty, and quantification on blurred domains, because it is specifically tailored to capture the set-theoretic language and to validate, rather than to consider epistemic aspects. The aim is to show that adopting classical and non-classical lenses might lead to different results in analysis. Design: Nyaya pragmatic and empiricist logic, with Peircean non-standard quantification, both linked by the concept of free logic, are used as theoretical lenses in analysing two paradigmatic examples of classroom argumentation. Setting and Participants: excerpts from a set of data collected by prof. Paolo Boero from the University of Genoa during research activities in a secondary school mathematical class. Methodology: The examples are discussed by adopting a hermeneutic approach. Results: The analysis shows that different logical lenses can lead to varying interpretations of students’ behaviour in argumentation and presenting proof in mathematics and that the adopted non-classical lenses expand the range of possible explanations of students’ behaviour. Conclusion: In mathematics education research, the need to consider an epistemic dimension in the analysis of classroom argumentation and proof production leads to the necessity to consider and combine logical tools in a way specific to the discipline, which might differ from those usually required in mathematics
Math Anxiety in Primary Education during Covid-19 Confinement: Influence on Age and Gender
Get PDFBackground: The closure of schools in Spain due to the Covid-19 pandemic confronted teachers, students, and families with a new reality. Previous studies have shown that anxiety levels increase during pandemic times. Therefore, it highlights the interest of the affective domain in primary education. Objectives: To analyse some general aspects of math anxiety, such as primary school students’ fear, nervousness, and blockage before mathematics both at the educational centre and at home during the Covid-19 confinement. Design: Quantitative study using a closed questionnaire of seven questions with a Likert-type scale. Settings and participants: 496 Spanish primary school students. Data collection: Through the questionnaire hosted in Google Forms and provided by the teachers responsible for the students one month after the closure of all the educational centres and the confinement of all the participating children. Results: Fear of math increases during primary education, with the highest levels of fear and restlessness in the third and sixth grades; the girls presented the highest levels in all aspects, except for nervousness during classes. Conclusions: The general aspects of math anxiety are intimately linked and evolve increasingly throughout primary education. These facts are justified based on the proximity of the change in the educational stage and its influence on teaching, as well as the students’ social conditions
Statistical Reasoning Process of Students in Decision Making Using Commognitive Framework
Get PDFBackground: Statistical reasoning plays an important role in decision making. This is because decision making requires the ability to connect and relate various aspects and ideas. Objectives:This study aimed to describe the student's statistical reasoning process using a commognitive framework based on the task of making decisions. Design: This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive exploratory design. Setting and Participants: Respondents in this study were students majoring in mathematics in the fourth semester and sixth semester. There were 58 students involved, 3 of them were research subjects. Data collection and analysis: The authors gave a task containing a question to students. The question had to do with making a decision to choose one of the six employees who were most successful at their job. Results: The findings in this study indicate that there were three main aspects when carrying out the statistical reasoning process using a commognitive framework in making decisions, 1) the visual mediator created when representing data is the foundation for being able to analyze and interpret data. Visual mediators that were irrelevant to data displays had an effect on the emergence of ritualized routine, resulting in illogical decision, 2) substantiations narrative, in the form of involving various aspects of decision making and memorization narrative in the form of rules related to mathematical or statistical concepts in decision making, was a tool to minimize the risks arising from the decisions taken.
Initiation to Differential Calculus: Teaching Practices of Portuguese Secondary School Teachers
Get PDFContext: The study of teaching practice is an emerging topic of research and is directly linked to the importance of improving the teaching and learning of Mathematics. Goals: To understand the core aspects of how secondary school teachers teach Differential Calculus. Design: The study uses a qualitative methodology, based on an interpretative paradigm, and is carried out by means of three case studies. Environment and participants: Three Portuguese secondary school teachers who teach Mathematics A took part in the study. Data collection and analysis: The data were collected through direct observation of lessons and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis gave rise to two dimensions: (i) general aspects, and (ii) specific aspects of didactic exploration. The general aspects are split into three subcategories: (i) lesson structure; (ii) interactions in the lessons; and (iii) working with the tasks. The specific aspects were also split into three subcategories: (i) connecting concepts; (ii) time for the students to elaborate and present their reasoning; and (iii) interaction between the graphical and algebraic aspects. Results: The results of the study point to the almost exclusive use of textbooks without using other tasks. Conclusions: The conclusions point to a significant emphasis by the teachers on the connection between the different concepts involved. The approach adopted seems to be more focused on conceptual questions than procedural techniques
As perdas e o processo de luto na velhice: um olhar a partir da psicanálise - DOI https://doi.org/10.29327/226091.55.1-10
No full textPor meio de uma revisão integrativa, busca-se identificar, dentro da produção científica brasileira, artigos que fazem intersecção entre os temas do luto e da velhice, sob o olhar da psicanálise. Desta forma, se visa estabelecer qual o enfoque dado ao idoso e qual a visão apresentada pela psicanálise para um trabalho com esta população que se encontra mais propensa a rupturas e perdas. Assim, se reconhece que há uma identificação de morte e finitude vinculada à figura do sujeito que envelhece, mentalidade adotada pela lógica de consumo. Identificou-se de que forma as inúmeras perdas aliadas ao envelhecimento suscitam no idoso um processo de luto que, segundo a psicanálise, pode ser definido como o afeto resultante da perda de um objeto libidinal. Verifica-se, assim, a importância de um acompanhamento aos idosos que vise desobstruir a via do desejo e criar novas perspectivas de vida, sobretudo nesta fase do desenvolvimento, que como todas as outras, possui características e desafios particulares
Haciendo de los cuerpos prudentes formas de resistir: miedo y violencia en Colombia. Movimientos a partir de procesos en artes escénicas
Get PDFResumen: Este texto se construye a partir de la articulación entre los estudios culturales en educación, las artes escénicas y los estudios del cuerpo, problematizando cómo se configuran/constituyen los cuerpos de las personas que viven y habitan en contextos de violencia y guerra en Colombia. Todos estos elementos surgen del análisis del trabajo de campo sobre procesos formativos en teatro como parte de proyectos de organizaciones no gubernamentales realizado en el 2010 en San Vicente del Caguán, zona de violencia en Colombia. Finalmente, problematiza y propone el concepto de Cuerpos Prudentes, asociando a la prudencia como una práctica corpóreo/cultural que se configura como una estrategia de resistencia y sobrevivencia en el ámbito del conflicto armado
Professional Learning of Physics Teachers in Lesson Study: Exploring Inquiry Tasks
Get PDFBackground: Research concerning teachers’ professional learning in lesson study has been highlighted in Physics teaching; however, studies that examine this process from the elaboration of inquiry tasks are still scarce. This kind of task makes it possible to explore physical concepts and relationships due to their open nature, which contemplates the students’ interest, involves a practical dimension, and promotes successful learning situations. Objectives: To understand Physics teachers’ professional learning in planning inquiry tasks to study Ohm’s Law. Design: The investigation, of a qualitative and interpretive nature, involved 18 meetings of 2.5 hours. Setting and Participants: The lesson study engaged four secondary public school Physics teachers from the state education network. Data collection and analysis: The empirical research material consists of data produced in the development of the inquiry tasks, the transcripts of the audio recordings of the lesson study sessions, the investigative lesson, the material produced by the students, and the transcripts of the interviews carried out at the end of the lesson study. Results: The analysis showed professional learning about the development of inquiry tasks, analysis, argument, and inference of scientific knowledge, passing through engaging, exploring, explaining, elaborating, and evaluating activities on physical concepts. Conclusions: The research contributes to the knowledge development about teachers’ professional learning, especially about the research lesson
Validation of a Scale to Assess the Reversibility of Thought in Verbal Arithmetic Problems
Get PDFBackground: Reversibility is a key concept for the understanding and development of mathematical thinking. There is an agreement regarding problem-solving as a fundamental part of mathematical competence, and some authors regard reversible thinking as a requirement for it. Objectives: We want to validate an instrument that assesses the reversibility of thought when solving verbal arithmetic problems (word problems) involving various operations, semantic-mathematical structures and proximity of situational information. Design: A qualitative study was carried out from the data obtained by experts, and a quantitative study was carried out to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Setting and Participants: 318 students from different Spanish schools attending primary education (6 to 12 years) participated. Data collection and analysis: Participants performed 180 mathematical tasks distributed over three theoretical scales, two operations, and four semantic configurations. Results: To determine the consistency of the data, a reliability analysis was performed globally and on each of the scales, all values being greater than 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in three factors that explained more than 70%. To analyse the validity of the instrument, confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and its indices showed an adjustment of the models. Conclusions: We consider that the designed instrument is sufficiently robust to assess the reversibility of the basic addition and subtraction operations and, in addition, to analyse the discrimination of word problems according to the semantic-mathematical structure and their situational context
Capacitismo, Capacitações e Inclusão Efetiva: Desafios para a educação inclusiva a partir da abordagem de Martha Nussbaum
No full textO objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o capacitismo na educação enquanto uma forma de exclusão de pessoas com necessidades especiais, pensando autonomia e capacidade desde uma abordagem não-capacitista, através de uma análise comparativa das abordagens dos trabalhos Amartya Sen e Martha Nussbaum. O desenvolvimento se dará através de pesquisas bibliográficas, principalmente com obras relacionadas à abordagem das capacitações, além de obras que estudam o capacitismo e exclusão na educação
Las editoriales alternativas como galerías para la exhibición de autores: el caso de Nudista
Get PDFEn la cultura contemporánea, permeada a todos los niveles por las dinámicas que imponen las redes sociales, los individuos son incentivados a invertir las energías libidinosas en sí mismos, produciéndose y ofreciéndose como mercancía. Este imperativo afecta especialmente a los escritores, quienes se ven obligados a realizar performances frente a diversos flujos de audiencia si aspiran a posicionarse y poner sus obras en circulación. Las pequeñas editoriales, por su parte, se ven obligadas a acoplarse a este proceso so pena de caer en la irrelevancia y desaparecer. En el presente trabajo analizamos las estrategias desplegadas por editorial Nudista (Córdoba, Argentina) para exhibir y promocionar los autores publicados, y el modo en que estas intervenciones contribuyen al proceso de personalización y revalorización de la figura del autor.